{"id":82459,"date":"2023-04-18T16:02:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-18T09:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=82459"},"modified":"2023-04-18T16:04:16","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T09:04:16","slug":"zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82459\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere","title":{"rendered":"Zoom sur les forums multipartites et la fa\u00e7on dont ils fa\u00e7onnent la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ces derniers temps, le principal moyen de s\u2019assurer que la voix de chacun est entendue et que les probl\u00e8mes sont \u00e9quitablement trait\u00e9s, consiste \u00e0 r\u00e9unir un groupe h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne d\u2019individus aux int\u00e9r\u00eats diff\u00e9rents afin de discuter de la fa\u00e7on dont tel ou tel paysage peut \u00eatre au mieux g\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Mais dans quelle mesure ces forums multipartites sont-ils \u00e9quitables et efficaces ?<\/p>\n

C\u2019est ce qu\u2019a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 savoir un groupe de chercheurs dirig\u00e9 par des scientifiques en collaboration avec le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et le Centre international de recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF). Les conclusions de leur projet entrepris au Br\u00e9sil, en \u00c9thiopie, en Indon\u00e9sie et au P\u00e9rou<\/a> entre 2018 et 2020 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9es dans une s\u00e9rie de sept articles dans la revue scientifique International Forestry Review<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fNous voulions d\u00e9terminer si les forums multipartites sont r\u00e9ellement con\u00e7us ou m\u00eame s\u2019ils ont pour objet de promouvoir l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9, ou bien s\u2019ils n\u2019existent que pour marquer des points en mati\u00e8re de participation, sans vraiment aborder les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de pouvoir et de repr\u00e9sentation des personnes vivant dans les for\u00eats et leur p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie\u202f\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Anne Larson, \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019\u00e9quipe. \u00ab\u202fEn d\u2019autres termes, compte tenu de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience accumul\u00e9e sur le sujet, les personnes concern\u00e9es s\u2019en sortent-elles mieux d\u00e9sormais ? Qu\u2019est-ce qui a chang\u00e9 ?\u202f\u00bb<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019une des \u00e9tudes<\/a> regroupant les donn\u00e9es de plusieurs pays, les forums pass\u00e9s au crible ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7us comme des \u00ab\u202fespaces invit\u00e9s\u202f\u00bb r\u00e9unissant des individus et des int\u00e9r\u00eats diff\u00e9rents autour d\u2019une table, mais ont souvent omis de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux solutions les plus adapt\u00e9es pour lutter contre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s auxquelles sont confront\u00e9es les personnes concern\u00e9es. Ils n\u2019ont pas non plus tenu compte des questions de d\u00e9veloppement local non durable et des priorit\u00e9s politiques.<\/p>\n

En d\u00e9pit de ces probl\u00e8mes, les participants ont globalement estim\u00e9 que ces forums restent utiles. La s\u00e9rie d\u2019\u00e9tudes dans la revue International Forestry Review<\/em><\/a> offre un \u00e9ventail de points de vue vari\u00e9s influenc\u00e9s par l\u2019histoire et le contexte, dans le but d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les processus multipartites et leurs r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n

En \u00c9thiopie, les chercheurs ont conclu apr\u00e8s deux \u00e9tudes de cas<\/a> que les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre compromettaient l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats et que les quotas n\u2019\u00e9taient pas particuli\u00e8rement utiles. Ces \u00e9tudes ont \u00e9galement montr\u00e9 l\u2019importance des strat\u00e9gies ascendantes et descendantes ainsi que l\u2019engagement prudent des gouvernements, indispensable pour garantir le succ\u00e8s de la gestion communautaire des for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Une enqu\u00eate men\u00e9e sur trois forums multipartites en Indon\u00e9sie<\/a> a permis de conclure que l\u2019historique des relations entre les participants a fortement influenc\u00e9 les besoins qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de leadership. Bien que les int\u00e9r\u00eats contradictoires des parties prenantes puissent entraver l\u2019instauration d’une relation de confiance, il est possible d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les processus de collaboration avec l\u2019aide d’une strat\u00e9gie de leadership fond\u00e9e sur la compr\u00e9hension et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des relations pass\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Au P\u00e9rou, une \u00e9tude portait sur un forum multipartite ou plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une table ronde cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour aborder la question des retards prolong\u00e9s dans la cr\u00e9ation de cinq r\u00e9serves naturelles contribuant \u00e0 la \u00ab\u202fProtection des Peuples autochtones isol\u00e9s ou en situation de contact initial\u202f\u00bb. Cette \u00e9tude a permis de tirer<\/a> une importante le\u00e7on \u00e0 partager avec les forums multipartites qui cherchent \u00e0 s\u2019engager de fa\u00e7on responsable pour les droits des populations vuln\u00e9rables, et qui admettent que ces droits sont non n\u00e9gociables. Elle a \u00e9galement d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les forums doivent \u00eatre con\u00e7us pour permettre aux participants de collaborer \u00e0 l\u2019identification des diff\u00e9rents d\u00e9fis en mati\u00e8re de droits, de parties prenantes et de discours. Les forums doivent permettre de tirer les le\u00e7ons de ces d\u00e9fis ainsi que d\u2019\u00e9laborer des solutions et des recommandations pour les relever.<\/p>\n

Une autre \u00e9tude portait sur la R\u00e9serve Communale d’Amarakaeri au P\u00e9rou<\/a>, une aire naturelle prot\u00e9g\u00e9e au c\u0153ur de l\u2019Amazonie qui int\u00e8gre dans sa structure de gouvernance un forum multipartite durement acquis, embl\u00e8me d\u2019une grande victoire pour les droits des Peuples autochtones. Pourtant, le forum actuellement constitu\u00e9 de communaut\u00e9s autochtones, de l\u2019\u00c9tat et d\u2019ONG alli\u00e9es, exclut les migrants venant des Andes. Ce probl\u00e8me est non seulement pr\u00e9occupant vis-\u00e0-vis du r\u00f4le des forums multipartites en mati\u00e8re d\u2019aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, mais il met \u00e9galement en exergue les d\u00e9fis en ce qui concerne l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la participation.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019\u00e9tat de Par\u00e1 \u00e0 l\u2019est de l\u2019Amazonie br\u00e9silienne, le forum multipartite du Programme des Municipalit\u00e9s Vertes, cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour lutter contre la d\u00e9forestation, s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 incapable d\u2019atteindre ses objectifs. Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que le forum a favoris\u00e9 des participants plus puissants<\/a> et a n\u00e9glig\u00e9 les injustices sociales \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la d\u00e9forestation. Plut\u00f4t que de se concentrer sur les origines de la d\u00e9forestation, les participants ont donn\u00e9 la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 ses effets, ce qui n\u2019a pas permis de remettre en question les institutions socio-politiques responsables de la d\u00e9forestation et des injustices sociales.<\/p>\n

Les recherches men\u00e9es sur la planification territoriale des \u00e9tats br\u00e9siliens d\u2019Acre et de Mato Grosso<\/a> ont permis d\u2019analyser les processus de zonage \u00e9cologique afin de montrer dans quelle mesure les r\u00e9seaux, les relations, ainsi que les contextes historiques et sociaux, sont capables d\u2019influer sur les forums multipartites. Elles ont montr\u00e9 que les forums multipartites et l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des territoires doivent \u00eatre reconnus en th\u00e9orie et en pratique en tant que processus politiques qui doivent prendre en compte le contexte, les relations de pouvoir et la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s plut\u00f4t qu\u2019en tant que simples outils techniques de mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fNous avons conscience que les forums multipartites vont perdurer et qu\u2019ils continueront d\u2019\u00eatre mis en avant \u00e0 diverses \u00e9chelles\u202f\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti, coordonnateur de l\u2019\u00e9tude globale. \u00ab\u202fCette s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles est la preuve que pour se rapprocher d\u2019un changement transformationnel, nous avons besoin de forums qui vont au-del\u00e0 du simple fait de r\u00e9unir des gens autour d\u2019une table.\u202f\u00bb<\/p>\n

Se pr\u00e9sentant comme une solution face \u00e0 ce d\u00e9fi, les sept articles de l\u2019\u00e9tude nous offrent de pr\u00e9cieux enseignements pour cr\u00e9er des forums plus \u00e9quitables et efficaces. Afin d\u2019\u00e9tayer ses conclusions, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche et plusieurs partenaires locaux ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 un ensemble d\u2019outils<\/a> pour aider les parties prenantes dans la gestion des paysages.<\/p>\n

\n

Ces recherches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es par l\u2019Institut international de recherche sur les politiques alimentaires (IFPRI) dans le cadre des Programmes de recherche du CGIAR sur les politiques, institutions et march\u00e9s (PIM), ainsi que par le CIFOR dans le cadre de son programme sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l\u2019Agroforesterie (FTA). Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9es par les bailleurs de fonds du CGIAR. Les recherches font partie d’une \u00e9tude comparative des forums multipartites infranationaux au Br\u00e9sil, en \u00c9thiopie, en Indon\u00e9sie et au P\u00e9rou, et de <\/em>l\u2019\u00e9tude comparative globale sur la REDD+<\/em><\/a> par le CIFOR.<\/em><\/p>\n

This article is also available in [English<\/a>].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ces derniers temps, le principal moyen de s\u2019assurer que la voix de chacun est entendue et que les probl\u00e8mes sont \u00e9quitablement trait\u00e9s, consiste \u00e0 r\u00e9unir un groupe h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne d\u2019individus aux int\u00e9r\u00eats diff\u00e9rents afin de discuter de la fa\u00e7on dont tel ou tel paysage peut \u00eatre au mieux g\u00e9r\u00e9. Mais dans quelle mesure ces forums multipartites […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":82460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2335],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-82459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-forets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZoom sur les forums multipartites et la fa\u00e7on dont ils fa\u00e7onnent la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82459\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zoom sur les forums multipartites et la fa\u00e7on dont ils fa\u00e7onnent la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ces derniers temps, le principal moyen de s\u2019assurer que la voix de chacun est entendue et que les probl\u00e8mes sont \u00e9quitablement trait\u00e9s, consiste \u00e0 r\u00e9unir un groupe h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne d\u2019individus aux int\u00e9r\u00eats diff\u00e9rents afin de discuter de la fa\u00e7on dont tel ou tel paysage peut \u00eatre au mieux g\u00e9r\u00e9. Mais dans quelle mesure ces forums multipartites […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82459\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-18T09:02:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-18T09:04:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Perou.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"605\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"314\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Julie Mollins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@jmollins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Julie Mollins\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/18a6edef8169e1c81d3306a074a16467\"},\"headline\":\"Zoom sur les forums multipartites et la fa\u00e7on dont ils fa\u00e7onnent la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-18T09:02:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-18T09:04:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere\"},\"wordCount\":1304,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/Perou.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2023\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere\",\"name\":\"Zoom sur les forums multipartites et la fa\u00e7on dont ils fa\u00e7onnent la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/Perou.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-18T09:02:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-18T09:04:16+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82459\\\/zoom-sur-les-forums-multipartites-et-la-facon-dont-ils-faconnent-la-gouvernance-forestiere#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/Perou.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/Perou.jpg\",\"width\":605,\"height\":314,\"caption\":\"Les participants du forum multipartite, R\u00e9serve communale d'Amarakaeri, P\u00e9rou. 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