{"id":82338,"date":"2023-04-10T10:40:54","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T03:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=82338"},"modified":"2023-04-11T19:41:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T12:41:12","slug":"les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82338\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports","title":{"rendered":"Les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale en attente de finance climat en raison d\u2019un retard de transmission de rapports"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bien qu\u2019ils comptent relativement peu dans les \u00e9missions mondiales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 conserver, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger et \u00e0 restaurer le bon \u00e9tat et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de leurs \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes en vertu du principe de responsabilit\u00e9 commune, mais diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e. Cependant, leurs engagements pris en vertu de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) ne se sont pas encore traduits en actions concr\u00e8tes au niveau national, selon le chapitre 7<\/a> du rapport intitul\u00e9 Les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo – \u00c9tat des For\u00eats 2021<\/a> qui est publi\u00e9 par l\u2019Observatoire des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale<\/a> (OFAC). Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, en raison d\u2019exigences de rapports non satisfaites, les pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion peinent \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des financements critiques, qui sont pourtant destin\u00e9s aux pays en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

S\u2019agissant des engagements r\u00e9glementaires, neuf des 10 pays de la Commission des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale (COMIFAC<\/a>), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le Burundi, le Cameroun, le Congo, le Gabon, la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la RDC, le Rwanda, Sao Tom\u00e9-et-Principe et le Tchad, ont soumis au moins deux communications nationales, mais seul le Rwanda a soumis son rapport biennal actualis\u00e9. N\u00e9anmoins, en mars 2022, ils avaient tous soumis leur communication nationale initiale dans le cadre des Contributions D\u00e9termin\u00e9es au niveau National<\/a> (CDN) pr\u00e9vues par l\u2019Accord de Paris<\/a> sur le changement climatique, et, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du Gabon et de la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale, des mises \u00e0 jour de leur CDN. Ces CDN repr\u00e9sentent une r\u00e9duction totale de 455,4 tonnes d\u2019\u00e9quivalent dioxyde de carbone pr\u00e9vue sous forme conditionnelle et non conditionnelle, et les besoins financiers se chiffrent \u00e0 plus de 117 milliards USD pour une p\u00e9riode d\u2019engagement allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2030. Bien que la COMIFAC ait con\u00e7u un plan r\u00e9gional de mise en \u0153uvre des engagements en 2016, il reste \u00e0 l\u2019appliquer.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, les pays de la COMIFAC se sont pr\u00eat\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exercice de pr\u00e9paration de leur Programme d\u2019Action National aux fins de l\u2019Adaptation (PANA) qui leur a permis de d\u00e9terminer leurs besoins urgents et imm\u00e9diats pour s\u2019adapter aux risques actuels li\u00e9s au changement climatique. Dans ces pays, les PANA constituent un socle dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration des Plans Nationaux d\u2019Adaptation (PNA), pour lesquels le Fonds vert pour le climat<\/a> met \u00e0 disposition une enveloppe de 3 millions USD par pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement. Avec l\u2019aide de la COMIFAC, la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale se sont attel\u00e9es \u00e0 la pr\u00e9paration des documents de projet en vue de pr\u00e9senter une demande au Fonds.<\/p>\n

Les pays membres de la COMIFAC ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des requ\u00eates au Climate Technology Center and Network<\/a>, l\u2019organisme op\u00e9rationnel du m\u00e9canisme technologique de la CCNUCC qui aide les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 mettre en place des technologies respectueuses de l\u2019environnement en vue d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement bas carbone et r\u00e9silient face aux al\u00e9as climatiques. La COMIFAC a facilit\u00e9 la d\u00e9signation des Entit\u00e9s Nationales D\u00e9sign\u00e9es dans l\u2019ensemble des pays ainsi que la pr\u00e9paration des \u00c9valuations des Besoins Technologiques de quatre pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion. \u00c0 ce jour, seul le Rwanda a per\u00e7u de ce fonds la totalit\u00e9 de sa subvention pour une activit\u00e9, tandis que la RDC n\u2019a re\u00e7u que 20 % environ de sa subvention pour l\u2019activit\u00e9 pr\u00e9vue.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont observ\u00e9 que la s\u00e9lection et la nomination d\u2019experts du bassin du Congo sont rares dans les \u00e9quipes de r\u00e9daction des rapports du Groupe d\u2019experts intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat<\/a> (GIEC). Pour son sixi\u00e8me cycle d\u2019\u00e9valuation, le GIEC, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1988, n\u2019a fait appel qu\u2019\u00e0 quatre experts de la sous-r\u00e9gion d\u2019Afrique centrale, parmi lesquels ne se trouve aucune femme.<\/p>\n

Les pays de la COMIFAC ont aussi pris des engagements volontaires et particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des initiatives pour rendre la plan\u00e8te plus vivable sur le plan climatique, notamment \u00e0 celle du Fonds de partenariat pour le carbone forestier<\/a> (FCPF). Ce Fonds aide les pays \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de base pour mettre en \u0153uvre la REDD+ (programme onusien visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 renforcer les stocks de carbone forestier) et pilote par ailleurs les paiements bas\u00e9s sur les r\u00e9sultats qui sont vers\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux ayant progress\u00e9 dans la pr\u00e9paration et\/ou la mise en \u0153uvre de la REDD+, et ayant r\u00e9alis\u00e9 des r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions v\u00e9rifiables. \u00c0 ce jour, cinq pays de la COMIFAC se sont pleinement engag\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du Fonds de pr\u00e9paration REDD+ du FCPF, tandis que trois sont all\u00e9s plus loin en s\u2019engageant avec le Fonds carbone (qui d\u00e9pend du FCPF), notamment le Cameroun et le Congo qui ont exprim\u00e9 leur intention de recevoir des paiements contre des r\u00e9ductions mesurables des \u00e9missions dans le secteur forestier et l\u2019utilisation des terres.<\/p>\n

Une autre action m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre signal\u00e9e : l\u2019Initiative pour la For\u00eat de l\u2019Afrique centrale<\/a> qui rassemble six pays d\u2019Afrique centrale \u00e0 fort couvert forestier (la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, le Congo, le Gabon, la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, le Cameroun et la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale) et un ensemble de bailleurs. Lanc\u00e9e en 2015, cette Initiative qui place les for\u00eats de l\u2019Afrique centrale au c\u0153ur de l\u2019agenda climatique mondial a permis la signature de trois lettres d\u2019intention \u00e0 ce jour, avec la RDC, le Gabon et le Congo. Ce sont 465 millions USD qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9s jusqu\u2019ici pour ces trois pays, en sus des subventions pr\u00e9paratoires allou\u00e9es au Cameroun, \u00e0 la RCA et \u00e0 la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale pour d\u00e9velopper leur CNI (Communication Nationale Initiale).<\/p>\n

Parall\u00e8lement aux engagements en faveur de l\u2019att\u00e9nuation des al\u00e9as climatiques, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale se sont aussi mobilis\u00e9s sur d\u2019autres initiatives d\u2019action climatique. L\u2019une de ces initiatives est le plan d\u2019action europ\u00e9en sur l\u2019application des r\u00e9glementations foresti\u00e8res, la gouvernance et les \u00e9changes commerciaux (FLEGT<\/a>) qui a vocation \u00e0 garantir que l\u2019Europe importe uniquement du bois r\u00e9colt\u00e9 l\u00e9galement. \u00ab Bien que la lutte contre le changement climatique ne soit pas le principal objectif du plan d\u2019action FLEGT, les interventions destin\u00e9es \u00e0 mieux r\u00e9guler l\u2019exploitation ill\u00e9gale et non durable des for\u00eats dans les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale sont susceptibles de contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation et \u00e0 l\u2019att\u00e9nuation des al\u00e9as climatiques \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Denis Jean Sonwa, l\u2019un des auteurs du rapport qui est scientifique senior au CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>. Il a ajout\u00e9 que l\u2019approche FLEGT insiste sur la bonne gouvernance, ingr\u00e9dient important dans l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique. \u00c0 ce jour, six pays du bassin du Congo ont sign\u00e9 des accords de partenariat volontaire dans le cadre du FLEGT et se trouvent \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes phases de la n\u00e9gociation ou de la mise en \u0153uvre, sans \u00eatre toutefois parvenus \u00e0 la d\u00e9livrance d\u2019aucune licence FLEGT pour le moment.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019Initiative pour la restauration des paysages forestiers africains (AFR100<\/a>), sept pays de la COMIFAC se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 restaurer 30,9 millions d\u2019hectares en Afrique centrale, le Rwanda et le Burundi \u00e9tant m\u00eame d\u00e9cid\u00e9s \u00e0 restaurer plus de 70 % de leur territoire. Ces pays s\u2019impliquent aussi dans d\u2019autres initiatives, notamment les ODD<\/a>, la Convention de RAMSAR<\/a>, et le Programme d\u2019investissement pour la for\u00eat<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mais s\u2019ils ne r\u00e9pondent pas aux crit\u00e8res de la CCNUCC, ces pays ne sont pas en mesure de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des dispositifs offerts par cette Convention, notamment des financements dont ils ont besoin et qui sont disponibles. Les scientifiques concluent qu\u2019il est temps pour la sous-r\u00e9gion de changer de braquet.<\/p>\n

This article is also available in [English<\/a>].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bien qu\u2019ils comptent relativement peu dans les \u00e9missions mondiales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 conserver, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger et \u00e0 restaurer le bon \u00e9tat et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de leurs \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes en vertu du principe de responsabilit\u00e9 commune, mais diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e. Cependant, leurs engagements pris en vertu de la Convention-cadre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":82339,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2335],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11146],"class_list":["post-82338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-forets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes pays d\u2019Afrique centrale en attente de finance climat en raison d\u2019un retard de transmission de rapports - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82338\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale en attente de finance climat en raison d\u2019un retard de transmission de rapports\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bien qu\u2019ils comptent relativement peu dans les \u00e9missions mondiales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 conserver, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger et \u00e0 restaurer le bon \u00e9tat et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de leurs \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes en vertu du principe de responsabilit\u00e9 commune, mais diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e. Cependant, leurs engagements pris en vertu de la Convention-cadre […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82338\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-10T03:40:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-11T12:41:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/51221345984_c8a933daeb_c-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"799\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amindeh Blaise\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82338\\\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82338\\\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amindeh Blaise\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/126ea055449c3ebcaf7ab797ffaef46e\"},\"headline\":\"Les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale en attente de finance climat en raison d\u2019un retard de transmission de rapports\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-10T03:40:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-11T12:41:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82338\\\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports\"},\"wordCount\":1356,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82338\\\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/51221345984_c8a933daeb_c-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2023\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82338\\\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82338\\\/les-pays-dafrique-centrale-en-attente-de-finance-climat-en-raison-dun-retard-de-transmission-de-rapports\",\"name\":\"Les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale en attente de finance climat en raison d\u2019un retard de transmission de rapports - 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