{"id":82095,"date":"2023-03-17T13:33:20","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T06:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=82095"},"modified":"2023-03-20T21:44:11","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T14:44:11","slug":"la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82095\/la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale","title":{"rendered":"La d\u00e9forestation caus\u00e9e par l\u2019agriculture, premier facteur d\u2019\u00e9missions en Afrique centrale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alors que le monde est pris dans une course de vitesse pour att\u00e9nuer le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, la progression des surfaces cultiv\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement due \u00e0 la pratique du br\u00fblis a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e comme le premier facteur de d\u00e9forestation \u00e0 l\u2019origine des \u00e9missions du plus important puits de carbone de la plan\u00e8te. Dans un nouveau rapport intitul\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.observatoire-comifac.net\/publications\/edf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo &#8211; \u00c9tat des For\u00eats 2021<\/a> publi\u00e9 par l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.observatoire-comifac.net\/ofac\/observatory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Observatoire des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale<\/a> (OFAC), les experts d\u00e9clarent que la croissance d\u00e9mographique impose une pression suppl\u00e9mentaire sur les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale, et r\u00e9duit par cons\u00e9quent le stock de carbone, car l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de milliers de m\u00e9nages dans les zones foresti\u00e8res conduit \u00e0 un d\u00e9frichement en vue de la mise en culture. Les scientifiques \u00e9voquent \u00e9galement les autres facteurs provoquant la d\u00e9forestation : l\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re, l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, l\u2019utilisation des terres, la gouvernance et les besoins en \u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n<p>Conscients des enjeux et du potentiel des for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale pour pi\u00e9ger de grandes quantit\u00e9s de carbone, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.observatoire-comifac.net\/file\/eyJtb2RlbCI6IkFwcFxcTW9kZWxzXFxDYXRhbG9ndWVcXE1vZHVsZXNcXEZpbGUiLCJmaWVsZCI6ImRvY3VtZW50X2ZpbGUiLCJpZCI6Mjk1Mn0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">les chercheurs remarquent<\/a> que tous les pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion se sont engag\u00e9s d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part dans le processus REDD+ (R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats) qui est soutenu par l\u2019ONU. Cependant, m\u00eame s\u2019ils partagent le m\u00eame enthousiasme pour ralentir les \u00e9missions r\u00e9sultant de la d\u00e9forestation et de la d\u00e9gradation, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale ne se mobilisent pas tous de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re. Ils ont notamment mis sur pied des projets de nature et d\u2019ampleur diff\u00e9rentes pour accro\u00eetre l\u2019absorption des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.<\/p>\n<p>Selon les chercheurs, les pays membres de la Commission des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.comifac.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">COMIFAC<\/a>) ont adopt\u00e9 une vision holistique et int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans la mise en \u0153uvre du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/56485\/a-brief-explainer-of-how-redd-finance-works?fnl=en\">processus REDD+<\/a>. Cette option strat\u00e9gique est un m\u00e9lange de programmes transversaux et de programmes int\u00e9gr\u00e9s secteur par secteur. Par ailleurs, chaque pays consid\u00e8re l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire et la gestion des terres comme un axe transversal strat\u00e9gique indispensable au succ\u00e8s du m\u00e9canisme REDD+.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019un des auteurs du rapport, Hassan Assani, qui est Coordonnateur national REDD+ en RDC, fait savoir que l\u2019ambition des pays d\u2019Afrique centrale est de mettre en place une v\u00e9ritable politique de gouvernance foresti\u00e8re afin de mieux g\u00e9rer dans le temps et l\u2019espace les activit\u00e9s humaines susceptibles d\u2019avoir un impact sur le couvert forestier.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Ces processus nationaux de zonage forestier et d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire permettent \u00e0 la fois de clarifier la r\u00e9partition des diff\u00e9rents usages, mais aussi d\u2019organiser et de spatialiser le domaine forestier, facilitant l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation du Syst\u00e8me National de Surveillance des For\u00eats (SNSF) indispensable au suivi des activit\u00e9s REDD+ \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Hassan Assani. Il pr\u00e9cise que, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette approche, il est possible de distinguer les Paysages Forestiers Intacts des zones d\u00e9grad\u00e9es ou bien des zones susceptibles de conna\u00eetre plus de pressions anthropiques du fait de leur statut donn\u00e9 par l\u2019am\u00e9nagement.<\/p>\n<p>Pour mettre en \u0153uvre le processus REDD+ avec efficacit\u00e9, les chercheurs sont d\u2019avis que les r\u00e9formes des politiques nationales doivent toucher diff\u00e9rents secteurs en raison de la nature transversale du m\u00e9canisme. Le secteur foncier est \u00e0 leurs yeux prioritaire, car la r\u00e9forme des droits d\u2019acc\u00e8s et d\u2019usage est indispensable, et tous les autres secteurs en d\u00e9pendent.<\/p>\n<p>Les chercheurs indiquent que, en vue de cr\u00e9er un cadre institutionnel propice \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre du m\u00e9canisme REDD+, le gouvernement congolais de la RDC a, depuis 2012, initi\u00e9 un projet de r\u00e9forme du secteur foncier. Cependant, faute de moyens financiers, ce projet n\u2019a pu d\u00e9marrer qu\u2019en 2014 avec le lancement de la commission nationale des r\u00e9formes fonci\u00e8res (CONAREF). En 2016, le processus a pu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une enveloppe de 7 millions USD dans le cadre de la lettre d\u2019intention sign\u00e9e avec <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cafi.org\/welcome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">l\u2019Initiative pour les For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale (CAFI)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que, m\u00eame avant les r\u00e9formes, depuis 2008, plusieurs projets AFOLU (Agriculture, foresterie et autres affectations des terres) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s (ou sont en cours d\u2019enregistrement pour le plus r\u00e9cent) dans les pays membres de la COMIFAC au titre du M\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9veloppement propre (MDP) de la CCNUCC ou aupr\u00e8s de standards carbone comme le Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), le Gold Standard ou Plan Vivo. Par ailleurs, il existe des projets pour la production et la distribution de foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s aux m\u00e9nages afin de r\u00e9duire leur consommation de bois de chauffe, les besoins en bois-\u00e9nergie et au final, la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats. Ces projets sont surtout enregistr\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s du Gold Standard et se trouvent principalement au Rwanda et au Cameroun, mais aussi en RDC, au Burundi et en R\u00e9publique du Congo. D\u2019apr\u00e8s ce rapport, ce sont environ 2 500 000 cr\u00e9dits carbone qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mis au titre de ces projets.<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport pr\u00e9sente notamment le programme de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions en R\u00e9publique du Congo, dans les deux d\u00e9partements les plus bois\u00e9s du pays : la Sangha et la Likouala. Approuv\u00e9 en 2018 par les membres du Fonds de Partenariat pour le Carbone Forestier (FCPF), ce programme doit r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de 13 093 084 teCO<sub>2<\/sub> entre 2020 et 2024. La majorit\u00e9 des r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions estim\u00e9es devrait provenir de la mise en place de pratiques d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 impact r\u00e9duit (EFIR) dans les concessions foresti\u00e8res, d\u00e9marche permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact de l\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re sans diminuer la production de bois d\u2019\u0153uvre.<\/p>\n<p>Le programme de r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe lanc\u00e9 en 2009 en RDC est aussi pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans le rapport comme une intervention REDD+ d&rsquo;un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat. Anticipant la 3<sup>e<\/sup> phase du processus REDD+ (paiement aux r\u00e9sultats), la RDC, avec l\u2019appui de la Banque mondiale, pr\u00e9pare depuis 2012 la conception du Programme juridictionnel de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions (PRE) de Ma\u00ef-Ndombe. Ce PRE a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans le portefeuille du FCPF en novembre 2016 et un contrat d\u2019achat et de vente des r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions (ERPA) a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 entre la Banque mondiale et la RDC en septembre 2018.<\/p>\n<p>Lors les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 15 projets pilotes, les difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es ont permis aux pays d\u2019Afrique centrale de tirer certaines le\u00e7ons.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que la progression de l\u2019agriculture est le premier facteur de la d\u00e9forestation, les scientifiques pr\u00e9conisent que les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale recherchent de nouvelles pratiques agricoles qui \u00e9pargneront les for\u00eats, des pratiques \u00e9clair\u00e9es par des politiques agricoles tenant compte de la dimension du changement climatique. Cependant, ces pays sont peu nombreux \u00e0 avoir r\u00e9vis\u00e9 leurs politiques agricoles jusqu\u2019ici.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alors que le monde est pris dans une course de vitesse pour att\u00e9nuer le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, la progression des surfaces cultiv\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement due \u00e0 la pratique du br\u00fblis a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e comme le premier facteur de d\u00e9forestation \u00e0 l\u2019origine des \u00e9missions du plus important puits de carbone de la plan\u00e8te. Dans un nouveau rapport intitul\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":82096,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[9284,462,6090,180,151],"tags":[10167,123,11246],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2335,3196],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11146],"class_list":["post-82095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agroforestry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","tag-global-comparative-study-on-redd","tag-redd","tag-state-of-the-forests-2021","language-francais","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-redd"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La d\u00e9forestation caus\u00e9e par l\u2019agriculture, premier facteur d\u2019\u00e9missions en Afrique centrale - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82095\/la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La d\u00e9forestation caus\u00e9e par l\u2019agriculture, premier facteur d\u2019\u00e9missions en Afrique centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alors que le monde est pris dans une course de vitesse pour att\u00e9nuer le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, la progression des surfaces cultiv\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement due \u00e0 la pratique du br\u00fblis a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e comme le premier facteur de d\u00e9forestation \u00e0 l\u2019origine des \u00e9missions du plus important puits de carbone de la plan\u00e8te. Dans un nouveau rapport intitul\u00e9 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/82095\/la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-17T06:33:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-20T14:44:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/51221313884_3083be3a93_c-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"799\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amindeh Blaise\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82095\\\/la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82095\\\/la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amindeh Blaise\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/126ea055449c3ebcaf7ab797ffaef46e\"},\"headline\":\"La d\u00e9forestation caus\u00e9e par l\u2019agriculture, premier facteur d\u2019\u00e9missions en Afrique centrale\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-17T06:33:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-20T14:44:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82095\\\/la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale\"},\"wordCount\":1228,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/82095\\\/la-deforestation-causee-par-lagriculture-premier-facteur-demissions-en-afrique-centrale#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/51221313884_3083be3a93_c-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Global Comparative Study on REDD+\",\"REDD+\",\"State of the forests 2021\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Agroforestry\",\"Climate change &amp; 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