{"id":81604,"date":"2023-02-28T20:18:12","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T13:18:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=81604"},"modified":"2023-02-28T20:24:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T13:24:49","slug":"comment-preserver-la-biodiversite-des-forets-et-les-moyens-de-subsistance-des-communautes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81604\/comment-preserver-la-biodiversite-des-forets-et-les-moyens-de-subsistance-des-communautes","title":{"rendered":"Comment pr\u00e9server la biodiversit\u00e9 des for\u00eats et les moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les experts affirment que la perte de la biodiversit\u00e9 des for\u00eats peut \u00eatre stopp\u00e9e sans pour autant compromettre les moyens de subsistance des personnes qui en d\u00e9pendent, \u00e0 condition que des actions soient men\u00e9es pour enrayer et inverser la d\u00e9forestation, lutter contre les activit\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res ill\u00e9gales et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9es ainsi que pour emp\u00eacher la conversion des for\u00eats naturelles en plantations d\u2019arbres.<\/p>\n

Lors de la 26\u00e8me<\/sup> session du Comit\u00e9 des for\u00eats<\/a> (COFO26), les orateurs ont appel\u00e9 \u00e0 agir collectivement en faveur de la reconnaissance des droits fonciers et forestiers des Peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales, insistant sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de cette strat\u00e9gie pour lutter contre les activit\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res ill\u00e9gales, notamment dans les zones o\u00f9 les communaut\u00e9s locales sont de facto en charge de la gestion de la for\u00eat.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (FAO<\/a>) et le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR<\/a>) ont publi\u00e9 une \u00e9tude<\/a> approfondie sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des questions de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans le secteur de la foresterie, passant en revue les bonnes pratiques et les solutions capables de garantir un juste \u00e9quilibre entre conservation et utilisation durable de la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous constatons une hausse de la demande en bois, et nous devons absolument r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 y r\u00e9pondre tout en pr\u00e9servant nos for\u00eats qui abritent la grande majorit\u00e9 de la biodiversit\u00e9 terrestre \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Robert Nasi, Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du CIFOR. \u00ab Il est possible d\u2019y parvenir \u00e0 l\u2019aide d’un cadre juridique appropri\u00e9 ainsi qu\u2019avec la participation des communaut\u00e9s autochtones dont les moyens de subsistance d\u00e9pendent des for\u00eats. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Il a par ailleurs soulign\u00e9 l\u2019importance de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans les for\u00eats non prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et a expliqu\u00e9 que \u00ab les for\u00eats correctement g\u00e9r\u00e9es peuvent favoriser la biodiversit\u00e9 tout en g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des revenus. \u00bb<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude publi\u00e9e en marge de la COFO26 intitul\u00e9e \u00ab Mainstreaming biodiversity in forestry \u00bb est le fruit d\u2019une initiative prise lors de la Conf\u00e9rence virtuelle sur la biodiversit\u00e9 \u00ab One World \u2013 One Health \u00bb organis\u00e9e par le Forum mondial des paysages (GLF) le 28 octobre 2020 gr\u00e2ce aux efforts conjoints des membres du programme de recherche sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie (FTA) du CGIAR ainsi que de la FAO. Elle passe en revue le processus d\u2019int\u00e9gration ou de \u00ab popularisation \u00bb des questions de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans les politiques publiques, les strat\u00e9gies et les pratiques des principaux acteurs du secteur public et priv\u00e9 afin de promouvoir la conservation et l\u2019utilisation durable des ressources naturelles.<\/p>\n

Vincent Gitz, Directeur des plateformes et programmes du CIFOR-ICRAF et ancien Directeur du programme sur les FTA, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019il est crucial de d\u00e9velopper et partager les connaissances li\u00e9es \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re afin de lutter contre les menaces auxquelles elle est confront\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019int\u00e9gration de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans la gestion des for\u00eats n\u00e9cessite des connaissances de base suppl\u00e9mentaires en mati\u00e8re de gestion, notamment sur les techniques d\u2019\u00e9valuation des impacts. Les personnes qui d\u00e9pendent des for\u00eats doivent \u00eatre sensibilis\u00e9es sur l\u2019importance de la biodiversit\u00e9, l\u2019impact de leurs activit\u00e9s sur la biodiversit\u00e9 ainsi que sur les mesures et les connaissances qu\u2019elles peuvent appliquer pour pr\u00e9server la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re \u00bb, a exhort\u00e9 Vincent Gitz.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude confirme que la d\u00e9forestation est le principal facteur de perte de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans le monde avec chaque ann\u00e9e environ 10 millions d\u2019hectares de for\u00eat d\u00e9bois\u00e9s pour convertir les terres \u00e0 d\u2019autres usages, principalement l\u2019agriculture.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9galement analys\u00e9 les autres menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur les for\u00eats et la biodiversit\u00e9, notamment les perturbations qui n\u2019engendrent pas n\u00e9cessairement de d\u00e9forestation mais qui ont n\u00e9anmoins un impact d\u00e9vastateur sur la sant\u00e9 et la vitalit\u00e9 des for\u00eats ainsi que sur leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 fournir l\u2019ensemble de leurs ressources et services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Par exemple en 2015, les insectes, les maladies et les \u00e9v\u00e9nements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames ont endommag\u00e9 environ 40 millions d\u2019hectares de for\u00eats. Plus de 98 millions d\u2019hectares suppl\u00e9mentaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9s par des feux de for\u00eat en 2015, principalement dans les tropiques \u00bb, recense l\u2019\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n

La complexit\u00e9 et le manque d\u2019harmonisation des syst\u00e8mes juridiques et r\u00e9glementaires, y compris de ceux dont les r\u00f4les institutionnels sont impr\u00e9cis voire contradictoires, peuvent contribuer, entre autres, \u00e0 la pr\u00e9valence des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales. La corruption \u00e9lev\u00e9e et le manque d\u2019application de la loi ont \u00e9galement engendr\u00e9 une hausse de l\u2019utilisation ill\u00e9gale des for\u00eats et une perturbation de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude s\u2019est principalement attach\u00e9e \u00e0 expliquer comment donner la priorit\u00e9 aux politiques, plans, programmes, projets et investissements forestiers qui ont un impact positif sur la biodiversit\u00e9 au niveau \u00e9cosyst\u00e9mique et g\u00e9n\u00e9tique ainsi qu\u2019au niveau des esp\u00e8ces. Elle a \u00e9galement eu pour objectif de d\u00e9terminer comment int\u00e9grer les probl\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9 dans la gestion et les pratiques foresti\u00e8res du quotidien.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes de cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es dans huit pays : la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, la Finlande, le Japon, la Malaisie, le Mexique, le P\u00e9rou et le Royaume-Uni. Elles ont permis d\u2019identifier les facteurs de r\u00e9ussite et d\u2019\u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d\u2019int\u00e9gration des questions de biodiversit\u00e9 dans le secteur forestier en fonction du contexte national.<\/p>\n

Thomas Hofer, Responsable principal en charge des for\u00eats \u00e0 la FAO, a indiqu\u00e9 que le rythme auquel les for\u00eats sont d\u00e9truites incite \u00e0 trouver le bon \u00e9quilibre entre objectifs de conservation et satisfaction des besoins des communaut\u00e9s concern\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous esp\u00e9rons que la richesse des informations et des recommandations fournies dans cette \u00e9tude insufflera la volont\u00e9 d\u2019agir chez les personnes impliqu\u00e9es dans la gestion et la conservation des for\u00eats. La diffusion de cette publication marque le d\u00e9but, et non la fin, de la gestion de la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re \u00bb, a conclu Thomas Hofer.<\/p>\n\n

This article is also available in [English<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les experts affirment que la perte de la biodiversit\u00e9 des for\u00eats peut \u00eatre stopp\u00e9e sans pour autant compromettre les moyens de subsistance des personnes qui en d\u00e9pendent, \u00e0 condition que des actions soient men\u00e9es pour enrayer et inverser la d\u00e9forestation, lutter contre les activit\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res ill\u00e9gales et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9es ainsi que pour emp\u00eacher la conversion […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":417,"featured_media":81608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,188,6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2335],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[10629],"class_list":["post-81604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-food-and-diets","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-forets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComment pr\u00e9server la biodiversit\u00e9 des for\u00eats et les moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s - 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