{"id":81474,"date":"2023-02-24T09:46:50","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T02:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=81474"},"modified":"2023-02-24T10:56:36","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T03:56:36","slug":"bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81474\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer","title":{"rendered":"Bassin du Congo : le \u00ab poumon de l\u2019Afrique \u00bb a besoin de fonds pour respirer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le changement climatique, la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement, la d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019explosion d\u00e9mographique menacent les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale o\u00f9 se trouve le bassin du Congo, puits de carbone exceptionnel puisqu\u2019il absorbe plus de carbone que les for\u00eats d\u2019Amazonie et du Sud-Est asiatique. Mais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vidence, les pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une probl\u00e9matique de taille : les ressources financi\u00e8res n\u00e9cessaires leur font d\u00e9faut pour pr\u00e9server cet \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab le poumon de l\u2019Afrique \u00bb, qui renferme au moins 80 milliards de tonnes de carbone.<\/p>\n

Un rapport<\/a> r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 par l\u2019Observatoire des For\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale<\/a> (OFAC) montre que les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale ne semblent pas attirer autant de financements que celles d\u2019Amazonie et du Sud-Est asiatique, malgr\u00e9 leur r\u00f4le essentiel dans la s\u00e9questration des \u00e9missions de carbone de la plan\u00e8te. Entre 2008 et 2017, les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale n\u2019ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019assurer que 11 % des flux financiers internationaux destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion et \u00e0 la conservation durables des for\u00eats tropicales du monde d\u2019apr\u00e8s le rapport intitul\u00e9 Les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo – \u00c9tat des For\u00eats 2021<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jusqu\u2019ici, les fonds mobilis\u00e9s en faveur des for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale passent en partie par l\u2019entremise du Secr\u00e9tariat ex\u00e9cutif de la Commission des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale (COMIFAC), organisme cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1999 pour coordonner la conservation et la gestion des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ainsi que la lutte contre le changement climatique en Afrique centrale. La COMIFAC s\u2019est dot\u00e9e d\u2019un plan de convergence, compl\u00e9t\u00e9 par un plan d\u2019affaires, ce qui sert de cadre strat\u00e9gique.<\/p>\n

Le rapport pr\u00e9cise que les pays membres de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00c9conomique des \u00c9tats de l\u2019Afrique Centrale <\/a>(CEEAC) ont institu\u00e9 un m\u00e9canisme de financement autonome appel\u00e9 \u00ab contribution communautaire d\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00bb (CCI), qui est une taxe de 0,4 % aliment\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement sur les importations dans les pays membres de produits originaires de pays tiers \u00e0 l\u2019espace CEEAC. Une r\u00e9trocession automatique de 0,1 % de la CCI \u00e0 la COMIFAC est pr\u00e9vue dans l\u2019optique de financer ses propres op\u00e9rations et activit\u00e9s. Mais la CEEAC \u00e9prouve des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 recouvrer cette taxe et le quota destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la COMIFAC n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, selon les auteurs du rapport. La CCI n\u2019en reste pas moins une recette importante pour la COMIFAC qui a re\u00e7u de la CEEAC un montant de 320 millions de FCFA en 2018.<\/p>\n

Le rapport \u00e9voque une autre recette qui est la cotisation annuelle de chaque \u00c9tat membre, laquelle s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 45 millions FCFA. Bien que consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme principale recette, les pays membres ne contribuent pas r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. \u00c0 part le Cameroun qui s\u2019\u00e9tait acquitt\u00e9 de sa cotisation en totalit\u00e9, les arri\u00e9r\u00e9s s\u2019\u00e9levaient en 2021 \u00e0 3 milliards de FCFA.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Ce manque de contributions propres ne permet pas \u00e0 la COMIFAC d\u2019assumer pleinement ses missions. Le fait qu\u2019il n\u2019existe aucune sanction pour les pays qui ne contribuent pas et aucun avantage pour ceux qui sont en r\u00e8gle ne permet pas \u00e0 la COMIFAC de rayonner \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Richard Eba\u2019a Atyi, Coordonnateur r\u00e9gional du CIFOR-ICRAF en Afrique centrale, qui est l\u2019un des auteurs de ce rapport.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Part dans l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement destin\u00e9e aux for\u00eats et \u00e0 l\u2019environnement
Cr\u00e9dit : Favada et al. 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le rapport met aussi en \u00e9vidence le r\u00f4le important des partenaires internationaux et des acteurs du d\u00e9veloppement dans la mise en place de programmes, projets et plateformes pour appuyer le plan de convergence de la COMIFAC. Parmi les interventions notables, il faut signaler l\u2019engagement de l\u2019Allemagne en faveur des for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale \u00e0 hauteur de 147 millions d\u2019euros entre 2005 et 2022. Quant \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, elle a mobilis\u00e9 14 millions d\u2019euros entre 2007 et 2022 pour aider les op\u00e9rations de l\u2019OFAC. Par ailleurs, l\u2019UE a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019un des principaux bailleurs de fonds du programme Ecosyst\u00e8mes d\u2019Afrique Centrale (ECOFAC), dont la sixi\u00e8me et derni\u00e8re phase a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 85,5 millions d\u2019euros.<\/p>\n

\"\"
C\u00e9r\u00e9monie de signature le 26 juillet 2012 \u00e0 Rome d\u2019un projet r\u00e9gional de foresterie entre la FAO et la Commission des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale (COMIFAC) pour aider les pays du bassin du Congo \u00e0 mettre en place leur syst\u00e8me national de surveillance des for\u00eats. Photo Alessia Pierdomenico\/FAO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s ce rapport, m\u00eame s\u2019ils se sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 2 milliards USD entre 2008 et 2017, les flux financiers bilat\u00e9raux et multilat\u00e9raux destin\u00e9s aux secteurs des for\u00eats et de l\u2019environnement en Afrique centrale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9guliers, puis en recul constant depuis 2015. Plus des trois quarts de l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement des secteurs for\u00eat et environnement \u00e9taient affect\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019environnement. Les cinq premiers bailleurs de fonds par ordre d\u00e9croissant \u00e9taient l\u2019Allemagne, l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, le GEF, les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Banque mondiale. Quant aux cinq premiers b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires, il s\u2019agissait, par ordre d\u00e9croissant, de la RDC, du Tchad, du Cameroun, du Rwanda et du Gabon.<\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019\u00e9tude, les cinq premi\u00e8res th\u00e9matiques financ\u00e9es par l\u2019aide internationale dans les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale \u00e9taient la biodiversit\u00e9, la politique environnementale et sa gestion administrative, la politique foresti\u00e8re et sa gestion administrative, la recherche environnementale et la protection de la biosph\u00e8re. Ces cinq th\u00e9matiques drainaient 89 % de l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement ciblant le secteur for\u00eats-environnement, ce qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre dans la r\u00e9partition de cette aide, au d\u00e9triment de la sous-r\u00e9gion. L\u2019administration foresti\u00e8re et l\u2019\u00e9ducation\/formation en mati\u00e8re d\u2019environnement repr\u00e9sentaient la part la plus faible (moins de 0,03 % chacune) tandis que la recherche environnementale, l\u2019\u00e9ducation et la formation foresti\u00e8re, le bois-\u00e9nergie, et la recherche foresti\u00e8re ont re\u00e7u des montants n\u00e9gligeables.<\/p>\n

Citant une \u00e9tude commandit\u00e9e par la COMIFAC pour l\u2019\u00e9laboration de son plan de convergence, les chercheurs signalent qu\u2019il faudrait 191,3 millions USD pour r\u00e9aliser les actions prioritaires pr\u00e9vues entre 2021 et 2025 en Afrique centrale. \u00c0 leur avis, la COMIFAC pourrait solliciter plusieurs bailleurs pour r\u00e9unir ce montant, dont : la Banque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement, l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, les fonds CCNUCC administr\u00e9s par la Banque mondiale et l\u2019ONU, l\u2019initiative GNU (Germany, Norway, United Kingdom) ainsi que les ONG internationales.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 cet effet, les scientifiques recommandent \u00e0 la COMIFAC de changer de braquet, de renforcer sa communication et sa participation aux d\u00e9bats internationaux afin d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention des acteurs internationaux sur l\u2019importance des for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le changement climatique, la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement, la d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019explosion d\u00e9mographique menacent les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale o\u00f9 se trouve le bassin du Congo, puits de carbone exceptionnel puisqu\u2019il absorbe plus de carbone que les for\u00eats d\u2019Amazonie et du Sud-Est asiatique. Mais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vidence, les pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une probl\u00e9matique de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":81543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12246],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[5882,2335],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11146],"class_list":["post-81474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","location-africa","tag-francais-comifac","tag-francais-forets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBassin du Congo : le \u00ab poumon de l\u2019Afrique \u00bb a besoin de fonds pour respirer - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81474\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bassin du Congo : le \u00ab poumon de l\u2019Afrique \u00bb a besoin de fonds pour respirer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le changement climatique, la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement, la d\u00e9forestation et l\u2019explosion d\u00e9mographique menacent les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale o\u00f9 se trouve le bassin du Congo, puits de carbone exceptionnel puisqu\u2019il absorbe plus de carbone que les for\u00eats d\u2019Amazonie et du Sud-Est asiatique. Mais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vidence, les pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une probl\u00e9matique de […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81474\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-24T02:46:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-24T03:56:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/49665725658_db05541ea6_c-fr.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"799\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amindeh Blaise\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/81474\\\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/81474\\\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amindeh Blaise\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/126ea055449c3ebcaf7ab797ffaef46e\"},\"headline\":\"Bassin du Congo : le \u00ab poumon de l\u2019Afrique \u00bb a besoin de fonds pour respirer\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-24T02:46:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-24T03:56:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/81474\\\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer\"},\"wordCount\":1169,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/81474\\\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/49665725658_db05541ea6_c-fr.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2023\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/81474\\\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/81474\\\/bassin-du-congo-le-poumon-de-lafrique-a-besoin-de-fonds-pour-respirer\",\"name\":\"Bassin du Congo : le \u00ab poumon de l\u2019Afrique \u00bb a besoin de fonds pour respirer - 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