{"id":81343,"date":"2023-02-15T10:47:40","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T03:47:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=81343"},"modified":"2023-02-15T10:48:27","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T03:48:27","slug":"lindonesie-defend-les-partenariats-public-prive-a-la-cop27","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81343\/lindonesie-defend-les-partenariats-public-prive-a-la-cop27","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Indon\u00e9sie d\u00e9fend les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 \u00e0 la COP27"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deux \u00e9v\u00e9nements organis\u00e9s au Pavillon\u202fIndon\u00e9sie de la COP27<\/a> ont invit\u00e9 les entreprises \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le plus important dans la r\u00e9alisation des contributions d\u00e9termin\u00e9es au niveau national (CDN)<\/a> du pays. Les intervenants ont mis l\u2019accent sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions provenant du secteur de l\u2019utilisation des terres, du changement d\u2019affectation des terres et de la foresterie (UTCATF), qui repr\u00e9sentent pr\u00e8s de 60\u202f%<\/a> des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fLes efforts pour atteindre les objectifs de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie (tels qu\u2019ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pris dans le cadre des CDN) ne peuvent \u00eatre men\u00e9s par le gouvernement seul. Nous devons apprendre du secteur priv\u00e9, des scientifiques, des ONG et des communaut\u00e9s locales pour atteindre collectivement les objectifs d\u2019att\u00e9nuation et d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique\u202f\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Haruni\u202fKrisnawati, Enseignante-chercheure au minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Environnement et des For\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Nouveaux objectifs, nouveaux plans<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ces \u00e9changes au Pavillon\u202fIndon\u00e9sie se d\u00e9roulent dans le contexte des objectifs actualis\u00e9s des CDN\u202f2030 du pays<\/a> (2022), qui s\u2019engagent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de GES de 33,89\u202f% par rapport au sc\u00e9nario de statu\u202fquo (objectif inconditionnel) et de 43,20\u202f% s\u2019ils b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un soutien international (objectif conditionnel). L\u2019Indon\u00e9sie s\u2019est \u00e9galement engag\u00e9e \u00e0 mettre \u00e0 jour ses CDN, qui sont align\u00e9es sur sa Strat\u00e9gie \u00e0 long terme pour une faible \u00e9mission de carbone et une r\u00e9silience climatique d\u2019ici 2050 (LTS-LCCR)<\/a> et vise \u00e0 atteindre z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette d\u2019ici 2060.<\/p>\n

Comme la plupart des \u00e9missions de GES de l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie proviennent d\u2019activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la foresterie et \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des terres, la transition vers une gestion durable des terres est essentielle pour atteindre les objectifs CDN. Le plan op\u00e9rationnel gouvernemental intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u202fForest and Other Land Use (FoLU) Net Sink 2030\u202f<\/a>\u00bb d\u00e9finit les orientations techniques de cette transition. Le plan s\u2019efforcera de parvenir \u00e0 une absorption des GES qui soit sup\u00e9rieure aux niveaux d\u2019\u00e9mission sur l\u2019ensemble des terres indon\u00e9siennes (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un puits de carbone net d\u2019ici 2030).<\/p>\n

Concr\u00e8tement, le secteur\u202fUTCATF\u202fn\u2019inclut pas d\u2019orientations sur les \u00e9missions agricoles, a not\u00e9 Daniel\u202fMurdiyarso, Chercheur Principal au Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et au Centre international de recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF). Toutefois, D.\u202fMurdiyarso a poursuivi en sugg\u00e9rant d\u2019int\u00e9grer \u00e0 la fois le secteur\u202fUTCATF et les \u00e9missions d\u2019origine agricole dans la strat\u00e9gie climatique indon\u00e9sienne, puisqu\u2019ils se produisent dans le m\u00eame paysage. Cette int\u00e9gration permettrait d\u2019\u00e9viter les d\u00e9perditions.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fJusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, les r\u00e9sultats obtenus sont tr\u00e8s prometteurs, mais il reste moins de 30\u202fans avant 2050 (…). Je pense que l\u2019argent public seul ne suffit pas \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre la crise climatique. C\u2019est un probl\u00e8me mondial, et le secteur priv\u00e9 [y compris l\u2019agroalimentaire] doit jouer son r\u00f4le\u202f\u00bb, a-t-il soulign\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Le pavillion de l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie \u00e0 la COP 27 <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le pavillion de l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie \u00e0 la COP 27 <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Faire participer les grandes entreprises<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Si les gouvernements et les scientifiques sont indispensables pour renforcer les politiques publiques (comme celles mentionn\u00e9es ci-dessus) et am\u00e9liorer la transparence des donn\u00e9es, les entreprises peuvent contribuer au lancement d\u2019une bio\u00e9conomie\u202fcirculaire<\/a> en am\u00e9liorant l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de leur production et en adoptant des technologies \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone. Selon H.\u202fKrisnawati, les mesures incitatives (telles que les cr\u00e9dits d\u2019imp\u00f4t, les permis, les investissements verts et les cr\u00e9dits carbone) constituent un moyen pour le gouvernement d\u2019inciter les entreprises \u00e0 adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 ces plans.<\/p>\n

Au Pavillon, des repr\u00e9sentants du Sinar\u202fMas\u202fGroup<\/a> et de la Chambre de commerce et d\u2019industrie d\u2019Indon\u00e9sie (KADIN)<\/a> ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 leurs actions pour att\u00e9nuer et s\u2019adapter au changement climatique.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 ce titre, l\u2019Initiative\u202fNet\u202fZero\u202fHub de KADIN rassemble plus de 100 entreprises indon\u00e9siennes qui se sont engag\u00e9es \u00e0 atteindre une transition\u202fz\u00e9ro\u202f\u00e9mission. Le Hub soutiendra les entreprises avec des bo\u00eetes \u00e0 outils, des orientations et des ressources. Il s\u2019agit \u00e9galement d\u2019une plateforme destin\u00e9e \u00e0 faciliter le dialogue entre les industries, les scientifiques et les d\u00e9cideurs politiques aux niveaux national et international.<\/p>\n

Les repr\u00e9sentants de Sinar\u202fMas ont mis en avant les Initiatives de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019objectifs scientifiques (Science Based Target Initiatives<\/em> ou SBTis)<\/a>, qui sont align\u00e9es sur les objectifs de l\u2019Accord\u202fde\u202fParis et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es par une tierce partie. Ainsi, lors du premier \u00e9v\u00e9nement, Elim\u202fSritaba, responsable du d\u00e9veloppement durable d\u2019Asia\u202fPulp\u202fand\u202fPaper (APP)<\/a> Sinar\u202fMas, a pr\u00e9vu une r\u00e9duction de 80\u202f% des \u00e9missions de carbone de l\u2019entreprise d\u2019ici 2050 si le groupe adopte certaines pratiques. Au cours du deuxi\u00e8me\u202f\u00e9v\u00e9nement, Agus\u202fPurnomo, conseiller principal en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9 chez Sinar\u202fMas Agribusiness and Food, a soulign\u00e9 l\u2019initiative de l\u2019entreprise visant \u00e0 conserver 79\u202f900\u202fhectares de for\u00eats \u00e0 haute valeur de conservation (HVC)<\/a> dans les concessions d\u2019huile de palme.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fSi [les entreprises indon\u00e9siennes] ne mettent pas en \u0153uvre ces changements, nous resterons \u00e0 la tra\u00eene. Dans notre d\u00e9cision de soutenir notre gouvernement, nous ferons tout ce qui est en notre pouvoir pour faire de l\u2019objectif z\u00e9ro\u202f\u00e9mission l\u2019objectif de notre pays\u202f\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Silverius\u202fOscar\u202fUnggul, vice-pr\u00e9sident charg\u00e9 de l\u2019environnement et la foresterie au sein de KADIN.<\/p>\n

Les petits exploitants et la durabilit\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La r\u00e9alisation des CDN ne consiste pas seulement \u00e0 travailler avec les grandes entreprises. Les petites industries comptent \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n

La pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 a entra\u00een\u00e9 une augmentation rapide du nombre de petits exploitants, a not\u00e9 Musdhalifah\u202fMahmud, vice-ministre charg\u00e9e de l\u2019alimentation et de l\u2019agriculture au sein du minist\u00e8re de Coordination des Affaires \u00c9conomiques. Lorsque le travail s\u2019est tari dans les villes, les personnes sont retourn\u00e9es dans leurs villages pour cultiver ou se lancer dans d\u2019autres petites industries. Il en r\u00e9sulte non seulement une augmentation des \u00e9missions dues aux activit\u00e9s d\u2019utilisation des terres, mais aussi une prise de conscience que l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie ne peut pas atteindre ses objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable sans collaborer avec les petits exploitants.<\/p>\n

L\u2019une des fa\u00e7ons dont les gouvernements peuvent soutenir les agriculteurs est de les aider \u00e0 accro\u00eetre l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de leurs rendements, a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 M.\u202fMahmud. Les grandes entreprises telles que Sinar\u202fMas produisent trois \u00e0 cinq\u202ffois plus d\u2019huile de palme par hectare que les petits exploitants, ce qui signifie qu\u2019elles doivent perturber moins de terres pour obtenir le m\u00eame r\u00e9sultat. Pour combler l\u2019\u00e9cart de production, les initiatives gouvernementales peuvent permettre aux petits exploitants d\u2019acheter plus facilement des semences de haute qualit\u00e9 et d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des financements \u00e0 faible taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fSi les petits exploitants peuvent augmenter leurs rendements sans avoir \u00e0 d\u00e9boiser davantage, ce sera une excellente nouvelle\u202f\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement a \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 les grandes entreprises \u00e0 respecter les principes de la responsabilit\u00e9 sociale des entreprises (RSE) en travaillant avec les villages et les communaut\u00e9s locales pour g\u00e9rer les terres de mani\u00e8re durable.<\/p>\n

Par exemple, le programme RSE de Sinar\u202fMas<\/a> travaille d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur la cartographie participative de la cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement avec des petits exploitants situ\u00e9s dans 171\u202fvillages. De plus, Purnomo a annonc\u00e9 ses efforts continus pour conserver 43\u202f000\u202fhectares de for\u00eats gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des partenariats\u202fprotection-production avec 100\u202fcommunaut\u00e9s locales.<\/p>\n

La science<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s H.\u202fKrisnawati et M.\u202fMurdiyarso, tous les partenariats r\u00e9ussis entre entreprises, gouvernements et communaut\u00e9s reposent sur des bases scientifiques solides. En particulier, les syst\u00e8mes de suivi, de notification et de v\u00e9rification (SNV) permettront de maintenir les plans de l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie sur la bonne voie au cours des prochaines d\u00e9cennies. Cependant, la mise en \u0153uvre des SNV reste difficile en raison du manque de coh\u00e9rence des donn\u00e9es et d\u2019ateliers de formation sur la conservation li\u00e9e \u00e0 une zone g\u00e9ographique donn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce au soutien continu des partenariats public-priv\u00e9, les deux\u202fsessions ont permis d\u2019inviter les scientifiques et les ONG qui les soutiennent (dont le CIFOR-ICRAF) \u00e0 continuer d\u2019assister les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en Indon\u00e9sie.<\/p>\n

En tant que chercheurs, nous contribuons \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question suivante\u202f: \u00ab\u202fComment la nature peut-elle faire partie de la solution \u00e9conomique\u202f?\u202f\u00bb, a conclu M.\u202fMurdiyarso.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deux \u00e9v\u00e9nements organis\u00e9s au Pavillon\u202fIndon\u00e9sie de la COP27 ont invit\u00e9 les entreprises \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le plus important dans la r\u00e9alisation des contributions d\u00e9termin\u00e9es au niveau national (CDN) du pays. Les intervenants ont mis l\u2019accent sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions provenant du secteur de l\u2019utilisation des terres, du changement d\u2019affectation des terres et de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":381,"featured_media":81345,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2335],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[10007],"class_list":["post-81343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-forets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019Indon\u00e9sie d\u00e9fend les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 \u00e0 la COP27 - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81343\/lindonesie-defend-les-partenariats-public-prive-a-la-cop27\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Indon\u00e9sie d\u00e9fend les partenariats public-priv\u00e9 \u00e0 la COP27\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Deux \u00e9v\u00e9nements organis\u00e9s au Pavillon\u202fIndon\u00e9sie de la COP27 ont invit\u00e9 les entreprises \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le plus important dans la r\u00e9alisation des contributions d\u00e9termin\u00e9es au niveau national (CDN) du pays. 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