{"id":81178,"date":"2023-02-01T17:42:54","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T10:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=81178"},"modified":"2023-02-02T08:28:05","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T01:28:05","slug":"gros-plan-sur-les-tourbieres-amazoniennes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81178\/gros-plan-sur-les-tourbieres-amazoniennes","title":{"rendered":"Gros plan sur les tourbi\u00e8res amazoniennes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u202fC\u2019est de la tourbe\u202f\u00bb, d\u00e9clare la chercheure Kristell\u202fHergoualc\u2019h en d\u00e9signant une partie du sol sombre et humide compos\u00e9e de feuilles, de tiges et de mati\u00e8res organiques en d\u00e9composition. Bon nombre de celles et ceux qui l\u2019accompagnent lors de cette visite \u00e0 Las\u202fBrisas\u202faguajal<\/em> (un site situ\u00e9 \u00e0 6\u202fkilom\u00e8tres de la route\u202fIquitos-Nauta dans la r\u00e9gion de Loreto au P\u00e9rou)\u202fconnaissent le concept, mais voient pour la premi\u00e8re fois de la tourbe et des tourbi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Le groupe qui accompagne K.\u202fHergoualc\u2019h comprend des fonctionnaires p\u00e9ruviens du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Environnement (Ministerio del Ambiente <\/em>ou MINAM), du Service national des for\u00eats et de la faune sauvage (Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre<\/em> ou SERFOR), de l\u2019Institut de recherche de l\u2019Amazonie\u202fp\u00e9ruvienne (IIAP)<\/a> et d\u2019organisations universitaires travaillant sur la comptabilit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re et sur les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES). La visite de la zone s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre de la premi\u00e8re journ\u00e9e d\u2019un atelier de formation sur la comptabilisation des stocks de carbone et des flux de GES dans les tourbi\u00e8res, organis\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9quipe en charge de la th\u00e9matique changement climatique de CIFOR-ICRAF, l\u2019IIAP, le Service Forestier Am\u00e9ricain<\/a>, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de St\u202fAndrews au Royaume-Uni et le programme\u202fSilvaCarbon<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Entre 2014 et 2019, K.\u202fHergoualc\u2019h a coordonn\u00e9 au P\u00e9rou le site de recherche du Programme d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation durable des zones humides (Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program<\/em><\/a> ou SWAMP<\/a>) et de l\u2019\u00c9tude comparative mondiale sur la REDD+<\/a>. Cette \u00e9tude a permis de mesurer les stocks de carbone, la respiration totale et h\u00e9t\u00e9rotrophe du sol, la dynamique des racines fines, la liti\u00e8re et les flux de m\u00e9thane et de protoxyde d\u2019azote (aussi appel\u00e9 oxyde nitreux) pour \u00e9valuer le bilan carbone et les \u00e9missions de GES de la tourbe. Ces donn\u00e9es sont essentielles pour la comptabilisation et l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de rapports afin d\u2019inclure les tourbi\u00e8res p\u00e9ruviennes dans les strat\u00e9gies nationales de lutte contre le changement climatique.<\/p>\n

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Les participants de l\u2019atelier \u00e0 Las Brisas aguajal. Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tourbi\u00e8re amazonienne. Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Cependant, moins de palmiers sont d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9sents et ce qui \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une zone de d\u00e9gradation moyenne est devenu une zone de forte d\u00e9gradation.<\/p>\n

Paysages peupl\u00e9s de palmiers-b\u00e2ches (ou Mauritia<\/em>\u202f<\/em>flexuosa<\/em>) et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inond\u00e9s pendant la majeure partie de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, les tourbi\u00e8res\u202faguajal<\/em> stockent d\u2019immenses quantit\u00e9s de carbone dans le sol qui sont essentielles \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation du cycle de l\u2019eau en Amazonie. De plus, ces paysages abritent une biodiversit\u00e9 unique et fournissent des moyens de subsistance essentiels aux communaut\u00e9s locales. Leur d\u00e9gradation et disparition non seulement \u00e9mettent davantage de GES dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re, mais transforment \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me avec des cons\u00e9quences \u00e9cologiques irr\u00e9parables.<\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, depuis pr\u00e8s de neuf\u202fans, une collaboration entre le CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>, le SWAMP, le GCS, l\u2019IIAP et d\u2019autres institutions acad\u00e9miques s\u2019est concentr\u00e9e sur l\u2019\u00e9tude des tourbi\u00e8res et l\u2019apport de donn\u00e9es et d\u2019analyses pour soutenir les politiques publiques en faveur de leur conservation et gestion durable<\/a>, mais aussi pour d\u00e9montrer l\u2019urgence d\u2019\u00e9viter les sc\u00e9narios de perte d\u00e9finitive de leurs services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques.<\/p>\n

Ces efforts<\/a> ont port\u00e9 leurs premiers fruits, puisque le P\u00e9rou a pour la premi\u00e8re\u202ffois inclus les tourbi\u00e8res dans sa r\u00e9glementation sur les zones humides<\/a>, qui devraient \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme faisant partie des niveaux d\u2019\u00e9mission de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence des for\u00eats (NERF) dans le cadre des engagements\u202fREDD+ du pays.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fIl est imp\u00e9ratif de mettre un terme \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des zones humides\u202faguajal<\/em>, de poursuivre leur r\u00e9glementation dans les politiques publiques et de travailler avec les communaut\u00e9s locales pour \u00e9voluer vers une gestion durable\u202f\u00bb, a soulign\u00e9 K.\u202fHergoualc\u2019h.<\/p>\n

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Entr\u00e9e dans l\u2019aguajal. Pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che, il est possible d\u2019y marcher. Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Palmiers Aguaje. Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Suivi intensif du carbone\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le deuxi\u00e8me\u202fjour de l\u2019atelier, les participant(e)s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduits sur le site de suivi intensif du carbone de Quistococha, dirig\u00e9 par des chercheurs de l\u2019IIAP. Depuis 2016, les chercheurs p\u00e9ruviens y recueillent des donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019\u00e9volution des GES au sein de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me\u202faguajal<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce au soutien financier du Service Forestier Am\u00e9ricain, une tour \u00e0 flux mesurant les \u00e9missions de GES a \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9e, qui permet gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses capteurs d\u2019enregistrer les flux de GES tels que le dioxyde de carbone, le m\u00e9thane et la vapeur d\u2019eau provenant de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Des capteurs sont \u00e9galement install\u00e9s au sol, dans les arbres et les palmiers afin de fournir plus de d\u00e9tails sur les flux de ces gaz au niveau du sous-\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fTout cela permet de comprendre le processus de mesure des flux de gaz qui quittent le sous-sol et la surface des zones humides et se r\u00e9pandent dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re, ainsi que des gaz qui p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me\u202f\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Lizardo\u202fFach\u00edn, chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019IIAP.<\/p>\n

Le chercheur a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 que le projet met en \u0153uvre une deuxi\u00e8me phase intitul\u00e9e \u00ab\u202fProcessus biophysiques et m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9troaction pour contr\u00f4ler les contributions de m\u00e9thane dans une tourbi\u00e8re amazonienne\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats fourniront aux d\u00e9cideurs des donn\u00e9es probantes pour souligner l\u2019importance des aguajales<\/em> dans l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique et leur potentiel dans le cadre des engagements climatiques, mais aussi pour promouvoir des politiques publiques et des actions pour la gestion durable et la conservation des tourbi\u00e8res amazoniennes du P\u00e9rou.<\/p>\n

L\u2019atelier et les visites sur le terrain ont permis de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de flux de GES des fonctionnaires travaillant sur le changement climatique au niveau de la politique nationale et de d\u00e9couvrir le potentiel, l\u2019\u00e9tat et les possibilit\u00e9s de gestion des tourbi\u00e8res\u202faguajales<\/em> p\u00e9ruviennes.<\/p>\n

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Mesure des \u00e9missions du sol \u00e0 Quistococha. Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Explication du travail de surveillance des GES de l\u2019IIAP. Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Cette recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite dans le cadre du <\/em>Programme d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation durable des zones humides (SWAMP)<\/em><\/a> et de l\u2019<\/em>\u00c9tude comparative mondiale du CIFOR sur la REDD+<\/em><\/a>. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenue par les gouvernements des \u00c9tats-Unis\u202fd\u2019Am\u00e9rique et de la Norv\u00e8ge. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le cadre du <\/em>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie (CRPFTA)<\/em><\/a> avec le soutien financier des bailleurs de fonds du Fonds du CGIAR.<\/em><\/p>\n

This article is also available in [English<\/a>, Spanish<\/a>, Bahasa Indonesia<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u202fC\u2019est de la tourbe\u202f\u00bb, d\u00e9clare la chercheure Kristell\u202fHergoualc\u2019h en d\u00e9signant une partie du sol sombre et humide compos\u00e9e de feuilles, de tiges et de mati\u00e8res organiques en d\u00e9composition. Bon nombre de celles et ceux qui l\u2019accompagnent lors de cette visite \u00e0 Las\u202fBrisas\u202faguajal (un site situ\u00e9 \u00e0 6\u202fkilom\u00e8tres de la route\u202fIquitos-Nauta dans la r\u00e9gion de Loreto […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":81179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[11213,2335,11212],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1626],"class_list":["post-81178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-de-carbone-et-des-flux","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-lenvironnement"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGros plan sur les tourbi\u00e8res amazoniennes - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/81178\/gros-plan-sur-les-tourbieres-amazoniennes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gros plan sur les tourbi\u00e8res amazoniennes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00ab\u202fC\u2019est de la tourbe\u202f\u00bb, d\u00e9clare la chercheure Kristell\u202fHergoualc\u2019h en d\u00e9signant une partie du sol sombre et humide compos\u00e9e de feuilles, de tiges et de mati\u00e8res organiques en d\u00e9composition. 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