{"id":76039,"date":"2022-02-02T18:49:33","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T11:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=76039"},"modified":"2022-02-02T18:49:33","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T11:49:33","slug":"preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/76039\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats communautaires : des scientifiques proposent un changement de gestion pour les entreprises locales"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9tude<\/a> scientifique publi\u00e9e et dirig\u00e9e par Serge Mandiefe Piabuo et Divine Foundjem-Tita du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre international pour la recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF) propose de soutenir via des centres d\u2019incubation les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires afin de les faire fonctionner comme des entreprises, avec des structures \u00e9tablies et des rendements \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n

Cette approche pourrait constituer un outil cl\u00e9 pour respecter l\u2019engagement<\/a> r\u00e9cemment pris par plus de 100 dirigeants lors de la 26\u00e8me<\/sup> Conf\u00e9rence des Parties (COP26)<\/a> d\u2019injecter 19,2 milliards de dollars pour stopper et inverser la perte de couverture foresti\u00e8re et la d\u00e9gradation des terres d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs, qui ont utilis\u00e9 les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires camerounaises comme \u00e9tude de cas, ont constat\u00e9 des lacunes flagrantes dans la gestion des unit\u00e9s de gestion foresti\u00e8re communautaires, qui les privent de l\u2019\u00e9lan pour assurer leur croissance, ralentissant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement des for\u00eats g\u00e9r\u00e9es par les communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
Cintres en rotin produits par l\u2019entreprise foresti\u00e8re communautaire CODEM. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude, bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019examen de documents et d\u2019entretiens avec des responsables d\u2019entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires dans 38 communaut\u00e9s, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que seulement 11 % des entreprises g\u00e9r\u00e9es par les communaut\u00e9s pouvaient \u00eatre d\u00e9finies comme des entreprises sociales. Les 63 % restants fonctionnent comme des organisations \u00e0 but non lucratif ayant des activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus, et 26 % comme des organisations traditionnelles \u00e0 but non lucratif.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs rapportent ainsi : \u00ab La majorit\u00e9 des entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires (63 %) se sont engag\u00e9es dans des activit\u00e9s commerciales pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des revenus mais n\u2019avaient pas les comp\u00e9tences et la structure organisationnelle n\u00e9cessaires pour utiliser des approches commerciales compl\u00e8tes associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une discipline financi\u00e8re et \u00e0 une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 communautaire, qui sont les valeurs fondamentales des entreprises sociales \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le fait de fonctionner comme des entreprises sociales permettrait aux entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires d\u2019\u00eatre financi\u00e8rement et \u00e9cologiquement durables, et donc de contribuer ais\u00e9ment au d\u00e9veloppement communautaire.<\/p>\n

Les experts affirment que pour faire passer les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires du statut d\u2019organisations \u00e0 but non lucratif g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des revenus \u00e0 celui d\u2019entreprises sociales, un changement de mentalit\u00e9 s\u2019av\u00e8re n\u00e9cessaire en mati\u00e8re de leadership, d\u2019\u00e9valuation et de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et de coordination communautaires, ainsi qu\u2019un soutien via les centres d\u2019incubation.<\/p>\n

Le Cameroun a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour mener cette recherche car les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires sont bien implant\u00e9es dans ce pays d\u2019Afrique centrale depuis la loi foresti\u00e8re de 1994 et son d\u00e9cret d\u2019application de 1995, qui accordent aux communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res le droit d\u2019exploiter les ressources foresti\u00e8res (produits v\u00e9g\u00e9taux ligneux et non ligneux, ressources fauniques et halieutiques) pour le compte de la communaut\u00e9, lorsqu\u2019elles sont convenues dans un plan de gestion simple.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
\u00c9tang \u00e0 poissons \u00e0 Ngat Edou. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la gestion communautaire des for\u00eats a gagn\u00e9 en popularit\u00e9 pour la gestion des for\u00eats tropicales, l\u2019Afrique fournissant le meilleur exemple. En effet, d\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Agriculture (FAO)<\/a>, 85 % des for\u00eats sont d\u00e9tenues par des collectivit\u00e9s locales, tribales, et indig\u00e8nes, 4 % seulement par des particuliers, et 11 % par des entreprises et des institutions commerciales.<\/p>\n

En 1995, le Cameroun a promulgu\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret autorisant les droits d\u2019acc\u00e8s et de gestion des communaut\u00e9s sur une superficie maximale de 5 000 hectares du domaine forestier non permanent pouvant \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une for\u00eat communautaire dans le but de renforcer la gestion participative et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les moyens de subsistance des populations d\u00e9pendantes des for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Cette approche, qui est \u00e9galement cens\u00e9e promouvoir la gestion durable des for\u00eats, n\u2019a pas permis d\u2019atteindre les r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de gestion participative des for\u00eats et d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance, en raison de l\u2019absence de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus, de faibles comp\u00e9tences commerciales, de l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux march\u00e9s, des faibles niveaux de gouvernance, de l\u2019inad\u00e9quation des politiques et de l\u2019absence de r\u00e9formes structurelles.<\/p>\n

Le concept d\u2019entreprise sociale, qui requiert l\u2019existence d\u2019une entit\u00e9 pour entreprendre des activit\u00e9s commerciales bas\u00e9es sur les for\u00eats ou les arbres, qui soit dot\u00e9e d\u2019un organe repr\u00e9sentatif cr\u00e9dible qui la supervise, donne une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 aux entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires au sein d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 autod\u00e9finie \u00e0 qui elle permet de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer et de distribuer des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices.<\/p>\n

Ces initiatives devraient avoir un effet multiplicateur positif sur les \u00e9conomies rurales, favorisant ainsi la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois qualifi\u00e9s, la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions commerciales et l\u2019augmentation de la consommation.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, dans l\u2019\u00e9tude intitul\u00e9e Community Forest Enterprises (CFEs) as Social Enterprises: Empirical evidence from Cameroon<\/em><\/a>, les scientifiques soulignent que les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires sont promues parce que les incitations financi\u00e8res serviront de motivation suppl\u00e9mentaire aux communaut\u00e9s rurales pour mieux g\u00e9rer et restaurer leurs for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Les scientifiques soutiennent que lorsque les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires sont g\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des entreprises sociales, elles commencent \u00e0 fonctionner comme des organisations de l\u2019\u00e9conomie sociale, ce qui pourrait ainsi renforcer leur d\u00e9veloppement et leur croissance.<\/p>\n

Cette nouvelle structure pour les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires permettrait \u00e9galement d\u2019apporter un \u00e9clairage nouveau sur la fa\u00e7on dont les communaut\u00e9s locales gouvernent et progressent en vue d\u2019atteindre leurs objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement dans plusieurs domaines.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9tude scientifique publi\u00e9e et dirig\u00e9e par Serge Mandiefe Piabuo et Divine Foundjem-Tita du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre international pour la recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF) propose de soutenir via des centres d\u2019incubation les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires afin de les faire fonctionner comme des entreprises, avec des structures \u00e9tablies et des rendements […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":417,"featured_media":76040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2992,3080,10850,7530,7482],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[10629],"class_list":["post-76039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-deforestation","tag-francais-entreprise-social","tag-francais-foret","tag-francais-foret-communautaire","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPr\u00e9server les for\u00eats communautaires : des scientifiques proposent un changement de gestion pour les entreprises locales - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/76039\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats communautaires : des scientifiques proposent un changement de gestion pour les entreprises locales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une \u00e9tude scientifique publi\u00e9e et dirig\u00e9e par Serge Mandiefe Piabuo et Divine Foundjem-Tita du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre international pour la recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF) propose de soutenir via des centres d\u2019incubation les entreprises foresti\u00e8res communautaires afin de les faire fonctionner comme des entreprises, avec des structures \u00e9tablies et des rendements […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/76039\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-02T11:49:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/51818838230_88e367eaad_k.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1367\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Edwin Okoth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/76039\\\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/76039\\\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Edwin Okoth\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5c24f43017374497254a425153e26815\"},\"headline\":\"Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats communautaires : des scientifiques proposent un changement de gestion pour les entreprises locales\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-02T11:49:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/76039\\\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales\"},\"wordCount\":989,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/76039\\\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/01\\\/51818838230_88e367eaad_k.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/76039\\\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2022\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/76039\\\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/76039\\\/preserver-les-forets-communautaires-des-scientifiques-proposent-un-changement-de-gestion-pour-les-entreprises-locales\",\"name\":\"Pr\u00e9server les for\u00eats communautaires : des scientifiques proposent un changement de gestion pour les entreprises locales - 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