{"id":73610,"date":"2021-07-26T14:00:38","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T07:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=73610"},"modified":"2025-09-08T11:17:50","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T04:17:50","slug":"cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/73610\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie","title":{"rendered":"Cameroun : Deux nouveaux prototypes de fumoirs \u00e0 poisson permettent de faire des \u00e9conomies sur le bois \u00e9nergie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Cameroun regorge les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de mangroves les plus productifs du Golfe de Guin\u00e9e<\/a>, qui contribuent \u00e9norm\u00e9ment au d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique du pays. Selon la FAO<\/a>, ils comptent parmi les plus \u00e9tendus d\u2019Afrique, avec environ 200,000 hectares<\/a>. Les mangroves couvrent trois grandes zones de la c\u00f4te camerounaise : Rio Del Rey, Rio Ntem et l\u2019estuaire du Cameroun, dans laquelle se trouve l\u2019\u00eele de Manoka.<\/p>\n

Dans cette \u00eele, qui fait partie de la ville de Douala, la population d\u2019environ 4 mille habitants est fortement marqu\u00e9e par la p\u00eache, qui constitue la principale activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. Alors que la p\u00eache est majoritairement pratiqu\u00e9e par les hommes, les femmes sont charg\u00e9es du fumage, ce qui constitue le meilleur mode de conservation du poisson, fait sur des fumoirs traditionnels fabriqu\u00e9s \u00e0 partir des perches sous forme d\u2019\u00e9tag\u00e8re dans des maisons g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement travers\u00e9es par des courants d\u2019air.<\/p>\n

Le bois qui sert \u00e0 fumer le poisson provient des mangroves de l’\u00eele et l\u2019essence la plus cibl\u00e9e est le pal\u00e9tuvier. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Cameroon Ecology<\/a> (CamEco) montre que les femmes de Manoka ont besoin de plus de 750 m3<\/sup> de bois chaque ann\u00e9e afin de satisfaire la demande du march\u00e9, ce qui menace ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fragiles. C’est pourquoi le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR)<\/a> et ses partenaires agissent depuis 2019 pour d\u00e9velopper de fa\u00e7on participative des prototypes de fumoirs am\u00e9lior\u00e9s qui consomment moins de bois.<\/p>\n\n

Promouvoir l\u2019innovation<\/strong><\/p>\n

En collaboration avec l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Douala, un premier prototype de fumoir am\u00e9lior\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et mis \u00e0 la disposition de l\u2019Association des femmes fumeuses de Manoka (AFUMA) pour une phase exp\u00e9rimentale. Fait \u00e0 base de mat\u00e9riaux locaux, ce fumoir a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u en brique de terre. Dans un premier temps l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de ce nouveau fumoir \u00e9tait nettement plus satisfaisante que le fumoir traditionnel, selon les \u00e9tudes. Pour fumer 200 kilogrammes de poissons frais avec un fumoir traditionnel, il fallait 1,33 m3<\/sup> de perches de mangrove pour le faire en trois jours, tandis qu\u2019avec le fumoir am\u00e9lior\u00e9 en brique de terre il faut 0,88 m3<\/sup> de bois et deux jours, ce qui correspond \u00e0 33 % de gain \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique par rapport au fumoir traditionnel.<\/p>\n

Plus tard, un second prototype fait \u00e0 base de m\u00e9tal et de laine de verre a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les tests men\u00e9s, ce nouveau prototype apporte plus d\u2019avantages que le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, notamment il prend encore moins de bois, il occupe moins d\u2019espace, et il d\u00e9shydrate le poisson en peu de temps. Les tests ont montr\u00e9 qu\u2019avec ce nouveau prototype, les fumeuses ont juste besoin de 0,16 m3<\/sup> de bois pour fumer 200kg de poisson frais, et seulement en un jour. Ce fumoir offre alors un gain \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019environ 88% comparativement au fumoir traditionnel.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le fumoir traditionnel consommait \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u2019\u00e9nergie, de fa\u00e7on que nous utilisions une grande quantit\u00e9 de bois pour fumer le poisson, mais avec les nouveaux fumoirs, la consommation de bois a consid\u00e9rablement baiss\u00e9. Je suis contente de ces fumoirs-l\u00e0, \u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Iniyon, pr\u00e9sidente de l\u2019AFUMA.<\/p>\n

\u00ab En gagnant au moins la moiti\u00e9 du temps et du bois par rapport au fumage traditionnel, la pression sur les ressources de la mangrove sera consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duite, et les femmes pourront consacrer le temps gagn\u00e9 dans d’autres activit\u00e9s, \u00bb a ajout\u00e9 Abdon Awono, chercheur au CIFOR.<\/p>\n

Au regard de tout ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, d\u2019apr\u00e8s A. Awono, il est plus qu\u2019urgent de trouver le moyen de vulgariser ces fumoirs am\u00e9lior\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages de Manoka, pour un impact cons\u00e9quent sur la protection des la for\u00eat de mangrove de cette \u00eele. De ce fait, des strat\u00e9gies internes sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour soutenir l\u2019\u00e9pargne des membres de l\u2019AFUMA, visant l\u2019acquisition de plus de fumoirs am\u00e9lior\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

En collaboration avec le Programme national pour le d\u00e9veloppement participatif<\/a> (PNDP) et CamEco, le CIFOR \u0153uvre afin d\u2019inclure les fumoirs am\u00e9lior\u00e9s dans le plan de d\u00e9veloppement de la commune de Manoka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Cameroun regorge les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de mangroves les plus productifs du Golfe de Guin\u00e9e, qui contribuent \u00e9norm\u00e9ment au d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique du pays. Selon la FAO, ils comptent parmi les plus \u00e9tendus d\u2019Afrique, avec environ 200,000 hectares. Les mangroves couvrent trois grandes zones de la c\u00f4te camerounaise : Rio Del Rey, Rio Ntem et l\u2019estuaire du […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":350,"featured_media":73611,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12044],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8102,2992,9920,7530,10638,2327,10637],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[12380],"coauthors":[9704],"class_list":["post-73610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genere-justice-et-permanence-en-el-cargo","language-francais","tag-francais-bois-energie","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-douala","tag-francais-foret","tag-francais-fumoir-ameliore","tag-francais-mangroves","tag-francais-poisson","type-francais-dans-lactualite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCameroun : Deux nouveaux prototypes de fumoirs \u00e0 poisson permettent de faire des \u00e9conomies sur le bois \u00e9nergie - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/73610\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cameroun : Deux nouveaux prototypes de fumoirs \u00e0 poisson permettent de faire des \u00e9conomies sur le bois \u00e9nergie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Cameroun regorge les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de mangroves les plus productifs du Golfe de Guin\u00e9e, qui contribuent \u00e9norm\u00e9ment au d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique du pays. Selon la FAO, ils comptent parmi les plus \u00e9tendus d\u2019Afrique, avec environ 200,000 hectares. Les mangroves couvrent trois grandes zones de la c\u00f4te camerounaise : Rio Del Rey, Rio Ntem et l\u2019estuaire du […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/73610\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-26T07:00:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-08T04:17:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/50729705101_f3a7236af2_k.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Arnauld Ulrich Chyngwa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/73610\\\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/73610\\\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Arnauld Ulrich Chyngwa\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/de7d892f8041538308e39956df1859ca\"},\"headline\":\"Cameroun : Deux nouveaux prototypes de fumoirs \u00e0 poisson permettent de faire des \u00e9conomies sur le bois \u00e9nergie\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-26T07:00:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-08T04:17:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/73610\\\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie\"},\"wordCount\":732,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/73610\\\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/50729705101_f3a7236af2_k.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"G\u00e9n\u00e8re, justice et permanence en el cargo\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2021\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/73610\\\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/73610\\\/cameroun-deux-nouveaux-prototypes-de-fumoirs-a-poisson-permettent-de-faire-des-economies-sur-le-bois-energie\",\"name\":\"Cameroun : Deux nouveaux prototypes de fumoirs \u00e0 poisson permettent de faire des \u00e9conomies sur le bois \u00e9nergie - 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