{"id":73539,"date":"2021-07-18T00:11:08","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T17:11:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=73539"},"modified":"2021-07-18T00:11:08","modified_gmt":"2021-07-17T17:11:08","slug":"pact-aims-to-curtail-planet-warming-emissions-from-carbon-rich-peatlands-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/73539\/pact-aims-to-curtail-planet-warming-emissions-from-carbon-rich-peatlands-2","title":{"rendered":"Un nouveau pacte vise \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre issues des tourbi\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lors d\u2019une r\u00e9cente r\u00e9union, des responsables internationaux de l\u2019environnement et des chefs de gouvernement de quatre pays tropicaux cl\u00e9s ont officialis\u00e9 un engagement commun pour donner la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la gestion durable des tourbi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Lors de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement virtuel organis\u00e9 par le minist\u00e8re p\u00e9ruvien de l\u2019environnement, le Programme des Nations Unies pour l\u2019environnement (PNUE), l\u2019Initiative mondiale pour les tourbi\u00e8res<\/a> (Global Peatlands Initiative<\/em> ou GPI) et le Centre international des tourbi\u00e8res tropicales<\/a> (International Tropical Peatlands Center<\/em> ou ITPC), l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie, la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et la R\u00e9publique du Congo ont \u00e9chang\u00e9 des informations sur les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour donner la priorit\u00e9 aux \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes \u00e0 forte teneur en carbone, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme essentiels pour freiner le r\u00e9chauffement climatique mondial.<\/p>\n

Repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Gabriel Quijandr\u00eda Acosta, ministre de l\u2019environnement, le P\u00e9rou a \u00e9t\u00e9 accueilli en tant que nouveau membre de l\u2019ITPC.<\/p>\n

Les tourbi\u00e8res des plaines amazoniennes du P\u00e9rou stockent pr\u00e8s de 20 milliards de tonnes de carbone<\/a> et couvrent 120 000 kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s, soit une superficie \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 celle du Nicaragua.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le fait que le P\u00e9rou s\u2019appuie sur une s\u00e9rie d\u2019initiatives environnementales en rejoignant l\u2019ITPC, en renfor\u00e7ant la coop\u00e9ration Sud-Sud pour \u00e9changer des connaissances, des exp\u00e9riences, des sciences et des savoir-faire locaux, et en promouvant les meilleures pratiques en mati\u00e8re de protection et de valorisation des tourbi\u00e8res tropicales constitue une \u00e9tape importante \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 G. Quijandr\u00eda Acosta, qui souligne que les tourbi\u00e8res andines (la r\u00e9serve de carbone la plus importante du pays) contribuent de mani\u00e8re substantielle \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, alimentaire et aquatique des populations c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, particuli\u00e8rement pour les communaut\u00e9s autochtones et locales.<\/p>\n

Il y\u2019a trois ans, le centre a vu le jour \u00e0 Jakarta dans le cadre du GPI, en collaboration avec les partenaires de coordination que sont le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), le Programme des Nations Unies pour l\u2019environnement (PNUE) et l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (FAO)<\/a>, afin de faciliter l\u2019\u00e9change des meilleures pratiques en mati\u00e8re de gestion des tourbi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces initiatives, les pays peuvent prendre des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es et \u00e9laborer des options de gestions et de politiques qui minimisent les cons\u00e9quences sur les populations et l\u2019environnement, \u00e9vitant ainsi les dangereux points de rupture sociaux et climatiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la perte et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des tourbi\u00e8res \u00bb, a rappel\u00e9 Dianna Kopansky, qui g\u00e8re le GPI, un partenariat dirig\u00e9 par le PNUE, qui se compose de 43 organisations et de quatre pays tropicaux de tourbi\u00e8res pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 la r\u00e9union.<\/p>\n

Tout comme l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie, la RDC et la R\u00e9publique du Congo, le P\u00e9rou se penchera sur les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019inclure les tourbi\u00e8res dans les contributions d\u00e9termin\u00e9es au niveau national (CDN) dans le cadre de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC)<\/a>, en pr\u00e9vision des n\u00e9gociations climatiques de la COP26 qui se tiendront \u00e0 Glasgow plus tard cette ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Les CDN sont au c\u0153ur de l\u2019Accord de Paris<\/a> des Nations Unies, en vertu duquel les pays ont convenu d\u2019emp\u00eacher que les temp\u00e9ratures moyennes postindustrielles n\u2019augmentent de 1,5 degr\u00e9 Celsius, voire plus, en fixant des objectifs de r\u00e9duction des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Les pays devraient<\/a> actualiser leurs objectifs d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 afin de respecter leurs engagements avant la tenue de la COP26.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La quantit\u00e9 de carbone stock\u00e9e au sein d\u2019un hectare de tourbi\u00e8re saine \u00e9quivaut aux \u00e9missions annuelles de 1 400 voitures particuli\u00e8res. Les tourbi\u00e8res offrent un triple avantage pour le climat, la nature et l\u2019homme. En effet, ce sont les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes terrestres les plus denses en carbone sur Terre, qui abritent une biodiversit\u00e9 exceptionnelle et ont soutenu la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre humain pendant des mill\u00e9naires \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Doreen Robinson, chef de la section \u00ab Vie sauvage \u00bb au PNUE, qui a anim\u00e9 les discussions du panel intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Les tourbi\u00e8res, une formidable solution fond\u00e9e sur la nature \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019objectif des solutions fond\u00e9es sur la nature est de soutenir la r\u00e9alisation des Objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable (ODD)<\/a>, de pr\u00e9server le bien-\u00eatre humain d\u2019une mani\u00e8re qui tienne compte des valeurs culturelles et soci\u00e9tales, de renforcer la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, leur capacit\u00e9 de renouvellement et de fournir des services \u00bb, a-t-elle poursuivi.<\/p>\n

Veiller sur la quantit\u00e9 de carbone stock\u00e9e dans les tourbi\u00e8res reste un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel des efforts mondiaux pour limiter le r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire. Sur les 169 pays contenant des tourbi\u00e8res, l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie poss\u00e8de la quatri\u00e8me plus grande zone de tourbi\u00e8res, apr\u00e8s le Canada, la Russie et les \u00c9tats-Unis. L\u2019archipel indon\u00e9sien dispose \u00e9galement de la plus grande superficie de tourbi\u00e8res tropicales au monde.<\/p>\n

Depuis des milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les tourbi\u00e8res se forment \u00e0 partir d\u2019une accumulation de mati\u00e8re organique d\u00e9compos\u00e9e, dans un milieu satur\u00e9 en eau. D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019International Mire Conservation Group<\/a> et l\u2019International Peat Society<\/a>, elles repr\u00e9sentent 3 % de la surface totale des terres et des eaux douces mondiales, mais stockent un tiers du carbone contenu dans les sol<\/a>s et 10 % des ressources mondiales en eau douce.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9gradation due \u00e0 la conversion et au drainage pour l\u2019agriculture a touch\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 15 % de l\u2019ensemble des tourbi\u00e8res. Ces tourbi\u00e8res d\u00e9grad\u00e9es, qui ne couvrent que 0,4 % de la surface terrestre mondiale, sont responsables de 5 \u00e0 6 % des \u00e9missions annuelles anthropiques mondiales de CO2<\/sub>, a soulign\u00e9 D. Kopansky.<\/p>\n

Les tourbi\u00e8res indon\u00e9siennes sont les quatri\u00e8mes plus grandes au monde, repr\u00e9sentant environ 36 % des tourbi\u00e8res tropicales de la plan\u00e8te et stockant environ 30 \u00e0 40 % des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts mondiaux de carbone dans le sol, a rappel\u00e9 Siti Nurbaya Barka, ministre indon\u00e9sienne de l\u2019environnement et des for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Indon\u00e9sie a mis en \u0153uvre un large \u00e9ventail de strat\u00e9gies pour g\u00e9rer les tourbi\u00e8res, qui sont souvent traditionnellement drain\u00e9es et br\u00fbl\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins agricoles. Les initiatives comprennent des directives visant \u00e0 garantir que les canaux de ruissellement des plantations conservent un niveau minimum d\u2019eau pour \u00e9viter un ass\u00e8chement excessif. De plus, des techniques de paludiculture et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques d\u2019incendie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduites.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les tourbi\u00e8res constituent le pilier des CDN indon\u00e9siennes, gr\u00e2ce auxquelles le pays vise \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 41 % ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030 \u00bb, a rappel\u00e9 S. Nurbaya.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La deuxi\u00e8me CDN sera accompagn\u00e9e de la Feuille de route sur l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, de la Feuille de route sur l\u2019adaptation et la planification \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, ainsi que de la Feuille de route pour l\u2019\u00e9limination progressive des centrales \u00e9lectriques au charbon, ainsi que de l\u2019exploration du carbone bleu, notamment des mangroves et des r\u00e9cifs coralliens \u00bb, a-t-elle annonc\u00e9, ajoutant que l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie vise \u00e0 devenir un pays neutre en carbone d\u2019ici 2060.<\/p>\n

Les tourbi\u00e8res de la Cuvette Centrale, qui constituent la plus grande \u00e9tendue de tourbi\u00e8res dans les tropiques, s\u2019\u00e9tendent en RDC et en R\u00e9publique du Congo sur 145 000 kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s, soit une superficie sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de l\u2019Angleterre<\/a>. Elles constituent l\u2019un des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes les plus riches en carbone de la plan\u00e8te et pi\u00e8gent 30 milliards de tonnes de carbone.<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s une d\u00e9claration \u00e9crite d\u2019Eve Bazaiba Masudi, vice-premi\u00e8re ministre et ministre de l\u2019environnement et du d\u00e9veloppement durable de la RDC : \u00ab Les tourbi\u00e8res sont des environnements de production de moyens de subsistance pour les communaut\u00e9s locales et les populations autochtones, ce qui signifie qu\u2019il est important que les r\u00e9ponses aux pr\u00e9occupations environnementales n\u2019occultent pas l\u2019\u00e9conomie des tourbi\u00e8res. Il serait important que les politiques pour la production durable des moyens de subsistance sans drainage soient identifi\u00e9es, contextualis\u00e9es et deviennent populaires \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9claration indique \u00e9galement que le pays soutient la conservation des tourbi\u00e8res afin de maintenir leur fonctionnalit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique et la valorisation \u00e9conomique de la conservation des tourbi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Lors de la COP26, la R\u00e9publique du Congo pr\u00e9sentera les r\u00e9sultats de nouvelles recherches sur les tourbi\u00e8res, soulignant leur importance pour la biodiversit\u00e9 et leur contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre climatique.<\/p>\n

Les tourbi\u00e8res regorgent d\u2019esp\u00e8ces de faune et de flore – y compris des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es – qui sont end\u00e9miques dans le bassin du Congo, a soulign\u00e9 Arlette Soudan-Nonault, ministre de l\u2019environnement, du d\u00e9veloppement durable et du bassin du Congo de la R\u00e9publique du Congo : \u00ab Ce sont des stocks de carbone importants qui repr\u00e9sentent un grand potentiel pour l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique. De plus, c\u2019est une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour atteindre les CDN li\u00e9es aux objectifs mondiaux pris dans le cadre de l\u2019Accord de Paris \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Plus tard dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e, une session technique se tiendra pour permettre aux partenaires du GPI de partager et d\u2019\u00e9changer les connaissances ainsi que les meilleures pratiques en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019objectif est d\u2019aider les pays \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es et \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des options de gestions et de politiques qui minimisent les cons\u00e9quences sur les populations et l\u2019environnement, et \u00e9vitent ainsi les dangereux points de rupture sociaux et climatiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la perte et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des tourbi\u00e8res \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 D. Kopansky.<\/p>\n

Avec le soutien du CIFOR, le panel intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Les tourbi\u00e8res, une formidable solution fond\u00e9e sur la nature \u00bb s\u2019est tenu le 5 juillet 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lors d\u2019une r\u00e9cente r\u00e9union, des responsables internationaux de l\u2019environnement et des chefs de gouvernement de quatre pays tropicaux cl\u00e9s ont officialis\u00e9 un engagement commun pour donner la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la gestion durable des tourbi\u00e8res. Lors de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement virtuel organis\u00e9 par le minist\u00e8re p\u00e9ruvien de l\u2019environnement, le Programme des Nations Unies pour l\u2019environnement (PNUE), l\u2019Initiative […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":73540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,190],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2998,7528,2334,8146,5654,8697,3403],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[12381],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-73539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-peatlands","language-francais","tag-francais-bassin-du-congo","tag-francais-changement-climatique","tag-francais-emissions-de-carbone","tag-francais-itpc","tag-francais-republique-democratique-du-congo","tag-francais-republique-du-congo","tag-francais-tourbieres","type-francais-couverture-devenement"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUn nouveau pacte vise \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre issues des tourbi\u00e8res - 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