{"id":72999,"date":"2021-06-22T13:21:47","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T06:21:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=72999"},"modified":"2021-06-22T13:21:47","modified_gmt":"2021-06-22T06:21:47","slug":"rdc-les-foyers-ameliores-un-marche-inexploite-a-kisangani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/72999\/rdc-les-foyers-ameliores-un-marche-inexploite-a-kisangani","title":{"rendered":"RDC : Les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s, un march\u00e9 inexploit\u00e9 \u00e0 Kisangani"},"content":{"rendered":"

En Afrique subsaharienne o\u00f9 des millions d\u2019habitants ont un faible acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le bois de chauffe et le charbon de bois sont la principale source d\u2019\u00e9nergie pour la cuisson des repas, repr\u00e9sentant trois quart de la demande totale en \u00e9nergie<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 cette \u00e9norme demande, dans certains pays tels que le Kenya et l’Ouganda, de nombreuses initiatives du secteur priv\u00e9 ont vu le jour pour proposer aux consommateurs des foyers efficaces qui permettent aux m\u00e9nages d’\u00e9conomiser. Ces foyers sont aussi meilleurs pour la protection de l’environnement. En R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), cependant, m\u00eame si 90 % des m\u00e9nages utilisent du bois-\u00e9nergie, l’offre est encore limit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 Kisangani, la troisi\u00e8me ville de la RDC, seulement 16 % des m\u00e9nages utilisent un foyer am\u00e9lior\u00e9, selon un r\u00e9cent rapport<\/a> publi\u00e9 par le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR), en partenariat avec l\u2019agence belge de d\u00e9veloppement<\/a> (Enabel), le Programme des Nations Unies pour le d\u00e9veloppement<\/a> (PNUD) et l\u2019Organisation Congolaise des Ecologistes et Amis de la Nature (OCEAN). Les autres m\u00e9nages se contentent des foyers traditionnels de type brasero simple, bien qu\u2019ils soient peu durables.<\/p>\n

Les habitants de la ville consomment plus de 2,7 millions m3<\/sup> de bois-\u00e9nergie par an, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le rapport. Huit m\u00e9nages sur dix utilisent au premier place le charbon de bois pour la cuisson des repas. Cette situation fait du makala (comme il est connu localement) le combustible largement utilis\u00e9 en termes de nombre d\u2019utilisateurs. Pour la cuisson, l\u2019utilisation de makala est suivie du bois de feu et de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vendu \u00e0 452 FC (0,23 USD) le kilogramme, le makala repr\u00e9sente une d\u00e9pense importante pour les m\u00e9nages. L\u2019\u00e9nergie de cuisson correspond \u00e0 environ 14% de leurs budgets mensuels.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, 76 % d\u2019entre eux ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00eatre int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par l\u2019achat des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s, ce qui leur permettrait d\u2019utiliser 36 % moins de makala par rapport au foyer traditionnel avec le mod\u00e8le argile-m\u00e9tal produit localement. \u00ab C\u2019est une \u00e9conomie importante, ce qui en fait une option tr\u00e8s attrayante \u00bb, indique l\u2019auteur principal de l\u2019\u00e9tude, G\u00e9rard Imani.<\/p>\n\n

Former les artisans pour augmenter l\u2019offre<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour que cet int\u00e9r\u00eat se traduise en achats, la ville doit avoir une offre de foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s \u00e0 des prix accessibles et de bonne qualit\u00e9, selon Elisha Moore-Delate co-auteur de l\u2019\u00e9tude. La faible performance est en fait un gros probl\u00e8me. \u00ab Les utilisateurs citent des d\u00e9fauts tels que la fragilit\u00e9, la lourdeur, la petite taille et la difficile manipulation \u00bb, dit-elle. D\u2019apr\u00e8s le rapport, sur les 15 artisans sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans la fabrication de ces \u00e9quipements r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s \u00e0 Kisangani, seulement quatre produisent des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de meilleure qualit\u00e9. Globalement, seulement 450 foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s de meilleure qualit\u00e9 sont produits par mois \u00e0 Kisangani et dont la majorit\u00e9 a une mauvaise performance.<\/p>\n

Pour augmenter la capacit\u00e9 des artisans de Kisangani et augmenter l’offre, le projet Technologies, Energie Renouvelable, Acad\u00e9mie (TERA) coordonn\u00e9 par le PNUD et l\u2019UNCDF compte appuyer la formation et \u00e9duquer les producteurs sur le design pour un transfert thermique, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la facilit\u00e9 d’utilisation, et le contr\u00f4le de la qualit\u00e9. \u00ab Nous devons augmenter la dur\u00e9e de vie des foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s et les rendre plus faciles \u00e0 utiliser, \u00bb explique G. Imami.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
Fabrication artisanale de foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

Vers une fili\u00e8re bois-\u00e9nergie durable<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour que les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s aient un impact significatif sur la r\u00e9duction de l’utilisation du makala, il faut pourtant soutenir une strat\u00e9gie globale, dit Jolien Schure, chercheuse associ\u00e9e au CIFOR. \u00ab Cela signifie mettre \u00e0 disposition du makala \u00e9cologique et veiller \u00e0 ce que les producteurs disposent d’options de gestion durable en place \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 travers le projet \u00ab Gouvernance des paysages multifonctionnels en Afrique subsaharienne <\/a>\u00bb, financ\u00e9 par l’Union europ\u00e9enne, le CIFOR travaille dans les zones de production autour de Kisangani pour augmenter l’efficacit\u00e9 de la carbonisation et r\u00e9duire la r\u00e9colte de bois, ainsi que pour soutenir la plantation d’arbres pour assurer un approvisionnement durable en ressources ligneuses.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Finalement, une combinaison de ces mesures est n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de la ville sans mettre en p\u00e9ril les for\u00eats environnantes \u00bb, conclut J. Schure.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En Afrique subsaharienne o\u00f9 des millions d\u2019habitants ont un faible acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le bois de chauffe et le charbon de bois sont la principale source d\u2019\u00e9nergie pour la cuisson des repas, repr\u00e9sentant trois quart de la demande totale en \u00e9nergie. Face \u00e0 cette \u00e9norme demande, dans certains pays tels que le Kenya et l’Ouganda, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":385,"featured_media":73001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8102,10598,8810,7765],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[12380],"coauthors":[10150],"class_list":["post-72999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-bois-energie","tag-francais-foyers-ameliores","tag-francais-kisangani","tag-francais-rdc","type-francais-dans-lactualite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRDC : Les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s, un march\u00e9 inexploit\u00e9 \u00e0 Kisangani - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/72999\/rdc-les-foyers-ameliores-un-marche-inexploite-a-kisangani\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RDC : Les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s, un march\u00e9 inexploit\u00e9 \u00e0 Kisangani\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En Afrique subsaharienne o\u00f9 des millions d\u2019habitants ont un faible acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le bois de chauffe et le charbon de bois sont la principale source d\u2019\u00e9nergie pour la cuisson des repas, repr\u00e9sentant trois quart de la demande totale en \u00e9nergie. 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