{"id":71473,"date":"2021-03-10T21:59:07","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T14:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=71473"},"modified":"2021-03-10T22:35:56","modified_gmt":"2021-03-10T15:35:56","slug":"deforestation-au-cameroun-quelles-methodes-de-detection-pour-quelles-decisions-politiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/71473\/deforestation-au-cameroun-quelles-methodes-de-detection-pour-quelles-decisions-politiques","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9forestation au Cameroun : quelles m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9tection pour quelles d\u00e9cisions politiques ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans un rapport<\/a> publi\u00e9 la semaine derni\u00e8re portant sur les \u00ab \u00c9v\u00e8nements majeurs de d\u00e9forestation (EMD) 2019 \u00bb au Cameroun, on peut lire qu\u2019en 2019 le \u00ab taux de d\u00e9forestation \u00bb est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 0.0168% de la superficie totale des for\u00eats du pays, soit environ 3,628 hectares. Ces surfaces d\u00e9forest\u00e9es incluent 1,250 hectares perdus \u00e0 cause de l\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re, et environ 2,177 hectares perdus en raison de l\u2019agriculture itin\u00e9rante.<\/p>\n

Ces chiffres r\u00e9sultent de l\u2019application d\u2019une m\u00e9thode d\u2019analyse d\u2019images satellitaires appel\u00e9e Global Analysis and Discovery<\/em> (GLAD), qui est bien expliqu\u00e9e dans la litt\u00e9rature<\/a> scientifique : chaque fois que des arbres sont pr\u00e9sents dans une image, et qu\u2019ils disparaissent dans les images prises au m\u00eame endroit apr\u00e8s 8, 16 et 24 jours, un signal d\u2019alerte est confirm\u00e9 et enregistr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Puisque les alertes sont disponibles<\/a> publiquement, et que l\u2019Afrique est en retard par rapport aux autres continents en termes de suivi de la d\u00e9forestation \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, l\u2019existence d\u2019une m\u00e9thode relativement simple et peu co\u00fbteuse est s\u00fbrement une bonne nouvelle. Une analyse<\/a> r\u00e9cente portant sur l\u2019utilisation de ces signaux d\u2019alerte dans 22 pays tropicaux semble indiquer qu\u2019en Afrique \u2013 \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence des autres continents \u2013 l\u2019utilisation des alertes par les d\u00e9cideurs politiques peut aider \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de politiques visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les pertes de couvert arbor\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cependant, les avantages et d\u00e9savantages de cette m\u00e9thodologie doivent \u00eatre bien compris pour ne pas augmenter les incompr\u00e9hensions entre scientifiques, et entre scientifiques et d\u00e9cideurs politiques, au sujet de la d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n

Mieux comprendre les alertes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Une alerte est un signal qui pr\u00e9vient d’un danger imminent mais ne donne aucune information sur l\u2019\u00e9tendue finale des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts. Une alerte est utile pour savoir s\u2019il y a un feu et pour envoyer les sapeurs-pompiers, mais c\u2019est seulement quand le feu est \u00e9teint que nous pouvons en mesurer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts.<\/p>\n

Dans un cadre de gouvernance environnementale o\u00f9 le manque de moyens<\/a> des administrations et la taille des territoires ne permettent pas un contr\u00f4le permanent et exhaustif, l\u2019alerte est une arme indispensable. Cependant, elle peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre tr\u00e8s dangereuse si elle devient \u00e0 la fois le moyen pour avertir et mesurer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts, ainsi que l\u2019instrument qui guide les d\u00e9cisions politiques pour la pr\u00e9vention et la gestion.<\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne le Cameroun, les analyses scientifiques r\u00e9centes indiquent les taux de d\u00e9forestation et\/ou superficies d\u00e9forest\u00e9es suivants :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Une superficie d\u2019environ 54,000 hectares des for\u00eats primaires humides perdues en 2019 selon la m\u00e9thode Global Forest Change<\/em><\/a> (GFC), disponible pour chaque ann\u00e9e sur le site Global Forest Watch<\/a> (GFW).<\/li>\n
  2. Un taux de 0,27% pour la p\u00e9riode 2015-2020 selon le Forest Resources Assessment 2020<\/em> de l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO). Consid\u00e9rant une superficie foresti\u00e8re d\u2019environ 21 millions d\u2019hectares (la m\u00eame utilis\u00e9e dans le rapport Cameroun EMD 2019), le taux FAO correspond \u00e0 une d\u00e9forestation nette annuelle moyenne d\u2019environ 56,000 hectares.<\/li>\n
  3. 0,27% de l\u2019enti\u00e8ret\u00e9 de la for\u00eat dense humide ou 58,000 hectares en 2019, selon une \u00e9tude encore plus r\u00e9cente<\/a>. Ces surfaces d\u00e9forest\u00e9es incluent 39,000 hectares (0.18%) de d\u00e9forestation directe et 19,000 hectares de d\u00e9forestation survenue apr\u00e8s d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ces trois \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9sentent des superficies de d\u00e9forestation comparables mais 16 fois plus importants que ceux pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans le rapport EMD 2019.<\/p>\n

    C\u2019est une diff\u00e9rence plus que substantielle et qui n\u2019est pas unique au Cameroun. Les auteurs de la m\u00e9thode GLAD indiquent dans un article<\/a> qu\u2019en R\u00e9publique du Congo, ils ne d\u00e9tectent que 21% de la perte de couvert arbor\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e par la m\u00e9thode GFC.<\/p>\n

    Cette large diff\u00e9rence doit nous faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir, surtout que les chiffres de bases sont tous pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme \u00ab taux de d\u00e9forestation \u00bb servant pour d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles d\u00e9cisions politiques comme indiqu\u00e9 dans le rapport EMD 2019.<\/p>\n\n

    Pour un langage commun<\/strong><\/p>\n

    La technologie s\u2019am\u00e9liore chaque jour, surtout en ce qui concerne notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter et \u00e0 mesurer la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation foresti\u00e8re sur de petites superficies, comme c\u2019est souvent le cas pour l\u2019agriculture itin\u00e9rante et l\u2019exploitation s\u00e9lective des ressources foresti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

    C\u2019est dans ce contexte que se joue le futur des for\u00eats tropicales et celui de populations qui en d\u00e9pendent, et c\u2019est \u00e0 ce niveau que se situe l\u2019importance de la diff\u00e9rence substantielle entre le rapport EMD 2019 et ce que nous savons sur la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation foresti\u00e8re \u2013 au Cameroun et au-del\u00e0 au travers d\u2019autres \u00e9tudes. Par exemple, pour les for\u00eats tropicales humides africaines, une \u00e9tude<\/a> a trouv\u00e9 une valeur de d\u00e9forestation d\u2019environ 28% sup\u00e9rieure aux donn\u00e9es GFC pour la p\u00e9riode 2001-2019, notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la prise en compte des activit\u00e9s \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n

    Nous avons donc certainement besoin d\u2019alertes. Mais nous avons aussi assur\u00e9ment besoin d\u2019une compr\u00e9hension partag\u00e9e et d\u2019un langage clair et univoque si \u2013 comme indiqu\u00e9 dans la pr\u00e9face au rapport EMD 2019 \u2013 nous voulons impulser une vision nouvelle sur la gestion durable des massifs forestiers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dans un rapport publi\u00e9 la semaine derni\u00e8re portant sur les \u00ab \u00c9v\u00e8nements majeurs de d\u00e9forestation (EMD) 2019 \u00bb au Cameroun, on peut lire qu\u2019en 2019 le \u00ab taux de d\u00e9forestation \u00bb est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 0.0168% de la superficie totale des for\u00eats du pays, soit environ 3,628 hectares. Ces surfaces d\u00e9forest\u00e9es incluent 1,250 hectares perdus \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":140,"featured_media":71467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[10421,2992,10423,3080,10422,7530],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[1561,1055,10420,851],"class_list":["post-71473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-arbre","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-decideurs-politiques","tag-francais-deforestation","tag-francais-degradation-forestiere","tag-francais-foret","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9forestation au Cameroun : quelles m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9tection pour quelles d\u00e9cisions politiques ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/71473\/deforestation-au-cameroun-quelles-methodes-de-detection-pour-quelles-decisions-politiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9forestation au Cameroun : quelles m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9tection pour quelles d\u00e9cisions politiques ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans un rapport publi\u00e9 la semaine derni\u00e8re portant sur les \u00ab \u00c9v\u00e8nements majeurs de d\u00e9forestation (EMD) 2019 \u00bb au Cameroun, on peut lire qu\u2019en 2019 le \u00ab taux de d\u00e9forestation \u00bb est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 0.0168% de la superficie totale des for\u00eats du pays, soit environ 3,628 hectares. 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