{"id":70094,"date":"2020-12-17T17:18:30","date_gmt":"2020-12-17T10:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=70094"},"modified":"2020-12-17T17:20:07","modified_gmt":"2020-12-17T10:20:07","slug":"les-droits-coutumiers-doivent-etre-au-centre-de-la-reforme-fonciere-de-la-rdc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/70094\/les-droits-coutumiers-doivent-etre-au-centre-de-la-reforme-fonciere-de-la-rdc","title":{"rendered":"Les droits coutumiers doivent \u00eatre au centre de la r\u00e9forme fonci\u00e8re de la RDC"},"content":{"rendered":"

La R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) est un immense pays dont plus de la moiti\u00e9 de son territoire<\/a> est couvert de for\u00eats. Dans de nombreux cas, elles sont habit\u00e9es par des communaut\u00e9s locales et autochtones dont les droits fonciers ne sont pas suffisamment pr\u00e9cis\u00e9s et reconnus par l’\u00c9tat. Les probl\u00e8mes fonciers<\/a> sont un moteur des conflits prolong\u00e9s et de la violence dans le pays, et restent un d\u00e9fi majeur pour la r\u00e9ussite de toute initiative de conservation inclusive<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes, depuis 2012, le pays s’est engag\u00e9 dans un processus de r\u00e9forme<\/a> pour remplacer la loi fonci\u00e8re<\/a> actuellement en vigueur, qui date de 1973. Cependant, apr\u00e8s huit ans et des nombreuses consultations, il n’y a toujours pas de consensus sur certaines questions cl\u00e9s, et le projet de politique fonci\u00e8re nationale n\u2019est pas encore valid\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Au c\u0153ur de ce d\u00e9bat se trouve le manque de reconnaissance des droits coutumiers, selon Marie-Bernard Dhedya, un avocat congolais et professeur \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Kisangani (UNIKIS). M.B. Dhedya est le fondateur du Laboratoire de recherche en droit foncier et coutumier (LRDFC), la premi\u00e8re institution universitaire de recherche en RDC d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude du droit coutumier.<\/p>\n

La loi fonci\u00e8re de 1973 stipule que toutes les terres en RDC sont la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l’\u00c9tat, qu’il peut alors c\u00e9der \u00e0 des parties priv\u00e9es sous forme de concession en vertu du droit formel. Cependant, dans la pratique, les petites exploitations et les terres villageoises et communales sont r\u00e9gies de mani\u00e8re informelle par le droit coutumier. \u00ab La situation sur le terrain est que nous avons deux syst\u00e8mes parall\u00e8les qui sont souvent en conflit, et dans laquelle les droits fonciers des communaut\u00e9s locales et des peuples autochtones ne sont pas toujours garantis par l’\u00c9tat \u00bb, a dit M.B. Dhedya.<\/p>\n

C’est pourquoi, selon l’expert, la RDC a besoin d’un cadre juridique qui int\u00e8gre formellement la tenure coutumi\u00e8re et aborde une fois pour toutes le pluralisme juridique. \u00ab La r\u00e9forme fonci\u00e8re doit permettre aux communaut\u00e9s locales et autochtones d’obtenir des titres \u00e0 travers des proc\u00e9dures accessibles, et de participer l\u00e9galement \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision en mati\u00e8re de gestion foresti\u00e8re \u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Vers la valorisation des savoirs traditionnels <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour M.B. Dhedya, le droit foncier n’est pas le seul domaine en RDC o\u00f9 les syst\u00e8mes dits modernes issus de l’\u00e8re coloniale sont privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s par rapport aux syst\u00e8mes et connaissances traditionnels. \u00ab Le manque de reconnaissance de la tenure coutumi\u00e8re fait partie d’un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne plus large de d\u00e9valorisation des communaut\u00e9s autochtones et locales et de leurs contributions \u00e0 la conservation \u00bb, a dit l’avocat de 35 ans.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9ponse, le LRDFC organise des activit\u00e9s avec les \u00e9tudiants pour promouvoir l’int\u00e9r\u00eat acad\u00e9mique dans le domaine, promouvoir l’inclusion des connaissances traditionnelles dans la science, et garantir que la loi prot\u00e8ge la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle des communaut\u00e9s locales et autochtones qui d\u00e9tiennent ces connaissances.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Notre approche consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tudier les syst\u00e8mes coutumiers de mani\u00e8re holistique comme une alternative pour une meilleure gestion des for\u00eats, des terres et des ressources naturelles \u00bb, a ajout\u00e9 M.B Dhedya.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
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Un atelier organis\u00e9 par le LRDFC pour promouvoir la valorisation des savoirs traditionnels. LRDFC<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
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Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de l'UNIKIS portent des v\u00eatements traditionnels. LRDFC<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Inspirer une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration<\/strong><\/p>\n

M.B. Dhedya \u00e9tudie le droit foncier depuis 2012, quand il a re\u00e7u un soutien pour \u00e9tudier un programme de master puis un doctorat \u00e0 l’UNIKIS, dans le cadre des projets REFORCO<\/a> et FCCC<\/a>, financ\u00e9s par l’Union europ\u00e9enne et coordonn\u00e9s par le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR). Sa recherche doctorale, qui a port\u00e9 sur les conflits fonciers<\/a> entre les communaut\u00e9s locales et les entreprises d\u2019exploitation dans les concessions foresti\u00e8res, a \u00e9t\u00e9 supervis\u00e9e par des experts de l’Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge et du CIFOR.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette recherche, je me suis rendu compte qu’il y avait tr\u00e8s peu d’\u00e9tudes disponibles sur les syst\u00e8mes traditionnels de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re en RDC \u00bb, a dit M.B. Dhedya. \u00ab Il y avait, et il y a encore, des lacunes critiques pour comprendre pleinement comment valoriser ces syst\u00e8mes et les faire fonctionner dans notre r\u00e9alit\u00e9 actuelle. \u00bb<\/p>\n

D\u00e9sormais comme professeur, M.B. Dhedya soutient une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’\u00e9tudiants sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en droit coutumier. Dix jeunes de moins de 30 ans travaillent au LRDFC, menant des recherches innovantes qui peuvent contribuer \u00e0 garantir les droits des communaut\u00e9s locales et autochtones en RDC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un avocat vise \u00e0 donner de la visibilit\u00e9 aux savoirs et syst\u00e8mes fonciers traditionnels<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":70096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[10248,10249,10246,2335,8810,10250,10247,7887,5654,10251,7787],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3001],"coauthors":[7884],"class_list":["post-70094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-droit-coutumier","tag-francais-droit-foncier","tag-francais-fccc","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-kisangani","tag-francais-loi-fonciere","tag-francais-reforco","tag-francais-reforme-fonciere","tag-francais-republique-democratique-du-congo","tag-francais-savoir-traditionnel","tag-francais-unikis","type-francais-a-la-une"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes droits coutumiers doivent \u00eatre au centre de la r\u00e9forme fonci\u00e8re de la RDC - 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