{"id":69987,"date":"2020-12-06T20:13:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T13:13:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=69987"},"modified":"2020-12-07T05:09:03","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T22:09:03","slug":"renforcement-des-capacites-pour-controler-le-commerce-transfrontalier-du-bois-en-afrique-des-grands-lacs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/69987\/renforcement-des-capacites-pour-controler-le-commerce-transfrontalier-du-bois-en-afrique-des-grands-lacs","title":{"rendered":"Renforcement des capacit\u00e9s pour contr\u00f4ler le commerce transfrontalier du bois en Afrique des Grands Lacs"},"content":{"rendered":"

La R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) est un important producteur de bois tropicaux, dont une grande partie est exploit\u00e9e \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du pays, puis transport\u00e9e par bateau sur le fleuve Congo jusqu’au port de Matadi, o\u00f9 elle est exp\u00e9di\u00e9e vers l’Europe et ailleurs.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es la proportion du commerce du bois par voie terrestre \u00e0 travers les fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019est du pays a augment\u00e9. La forte demande de bois en Asie a boulevers\u00e9 la dynamique du commerce, et la Chine est d\u00e9sormais le principal march\u00e9 d’exportation<\/a> du bois congolais, suivie du Vietnam<\/a>. Dans ce contexte, le port de Mombasa au Kenya est devenu le principal point de d\u00e9part pour le transport intercontinental du bois congolais.<\/p>\n

Parall\u00e8lement, cependant, une tendance moins visible se dessine. Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique des pays d’Afrique de l’Est comme le Kenya, l’Ouganda et le Rwanda, et dans certains cas l’\u00e9puisement des ressources au niveau local, ont conduit \u00e0 une augmentation significative de la demande r\u00e9gionale en bois tropicaux. Le commerce r\u00e9gional du bois est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 un volume important, mais il reste largement sous-\u00e9tudi\u00e9 en raison de sa nature informelle et du fait qu’il est principalement approvisionn\u00e9 par de petits exploitants artisanaux.<\/p>\n

Alors que la RDC se confronte \u00e0 cette nouvelle r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les agents \u00e9tatiques impliqu\u00e9s dans le contr\u00f4le de bois se retrouvent souvent mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00e0 surveiller la mise en \u0153uvre des r\u00e9glementations d’exportation et \u00e0 veiller \u00e0 ce que les lois r\u00e9gulant le commerce des esp\u00e8ces prot\u00e9g\u00e9es soient appliqu\u00e9es. L’un des principaux d\u00e9fis est le manque de connaissances techniques pour identifier correctement les essences de bois, que ce soient des grumes ou des sciages.<\/p>\n

Pour s\u2019attaquer \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes, l’ONG Association de Coop\u00e9ration et Solidarit\u00e9 en RDC (ACS-RDC) a lanc\u00e9 un nouveau projet<\/a> visant \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la transparence des exportations de bois vers l’Ouganda, qui, selon un rapport, repr\u00e9sente 80 pourcent<\/a> du commerce transfrontalier du bois dans l\u2019est de la RDC. Financ\u00e9e par le programme FAO-UE FLEGT<\/a>, l’initiative vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le aux fronti\u00e8res et \u00e0 former des agents \u00e0 l’identification du bois et \u00e0 la collecte de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Mieux comprendre le bois<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans le cadre de ce projet, l’ACS-RDC collabore avec le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR), le Mus\u00e9e royal de l’Afrique centrale<\/a> (MRAC), et l’Institut national d\u2019\u00e9tude et de recherche agronomiques (INERA), pour former les superviseurs de l’environnement et les membres du comit\u00e9 de gestion du parc \u00e0 bois de Kasindi<\/a> \u00e0 l’identification des esp\u00e8ces des esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 partir des caract\u00e9ristiques du tronc et de l’anatomie du bois.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il existe des essences de bois qui se ressemblent beaucoup et qui sont souvent mal d\u00e9clar\u00e9es dans les documents d’exportation \u00bb, a dit Silvia Ferrari, une experte du bois au CIFOR. \u00ab Par exemple, l\u2019Iroko (Milicia excelsa<\/em>) en raison de sa couleur peut \u00eatre confondu avec l\u2019Afrormosia (Pericopsis elat<\/em>a), dont le commerce est r\u00e9gul\u00e9 par la Convention sur le commerce international des esp\u00e8ces de faune et de flore sauvages menac\u00e9es d’extinction<\/a> (CITES). Par cons\u00e9quent, il est important que les agents reconnaissent les essences de bois et sachent comment estimer leur poids et volume. \u00bb<\/p>\n

La formation a eu lieu en octobre 2020 dans la R\u00e9serve de biosph\u00e8re de Yangambi<\/a>, un p\u00f4le scientifique forestier dans le nord de la RDC, qui abrite le premier laboratoire de biologie du bois d’Afrique centrale \u2013 une installation de premier ordre ouverte en 2019, construite par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 R&SD avec un financement de l’UE et g\u00e9r\u00e9 par le MRAC, qui facilite la recherche et l\u2019enseignement sur place notamment sur l’anatomie du bois et la dendrochronologie (l\u2019\u00e9tude des cernes de croissance des arbres).<\/p>\n

Combler les lacunes de donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n

Maintenant que les agents de contr\u00f4le ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s, la prochaine \u00e9tape est la collecte de donn\u00e9es, d\u2019apr\u00e8s S. Ferrari. Au cours des neuf prochains mois, le CIFOR travaillera avec l’ACS-RDC pour \u00e9tudier les volumes d’exportation et les esp\u00e8ces afin de mieux comprendre le commerce r\u00e9gional du bois.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous esp\u00e9rons que ce travail pourra aider les autorit\u00e9s congolaises \u00e0 mieux appliquer les r\u00e9glementations d’exportation et \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler les volumes commerciaux \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 S. Ferrari. \u00ab Des donn\u00e9es claires et fiables sur les flux transfrontaliers de bois seront essentielles pour promouvoir une industrie r\u00e9gionale formelle qui contribue aux recettes fiscales et respecte les normes de durabilit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Ce projet renforce les efforts en cours du CIFOR pour formaliser le secteur de l\u2019exploitation artisanale en RDC, en particulier dans la province de Tshopo, une importante zone de production de bois qui a un acc\u00e8s routier \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de l\u2019est.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les agents \u00e9tatiques impliqu\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019exportation du bois congolais apprennent \u00e0 identifier les esp\u00e8ces ligneuses<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":69988,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8541,2998,8544,12369,5579,10219,7765,7784],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[2422,2434],"type-francais":[3050],"coauthors":[7884],"class_list":["post-69987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-afrormosia","tag-francais-bassin-du-congo","tag-francais-biologie-du-bois","tag-francais-bois-doeuvre","tag-francais-cites","tag-francais-commerce-de-bois","tag-francais-rdc","tag-francais-yangambi","type-english-video","type-english-video-qa","type-francais-a-partager"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRenforcement des capacit\u00e9s pour contr\u00f4ler le commerce transfrontalier du bois en Afrique des Grands Lacs - 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