{"id":69846,"date":"2020-11-26T14:15:44","date_gmt":"2020-11-26T07:15:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=69846"},"modified":"2020-11-26T15:46:46","modified_gmt":"2020-11-26T08:46:46","slug":"la-foresterie-communautaire-au-cameroun-doit-tester-dautres-modeles-non-axes-sur-lexploitation-du-bois","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/69846\/la-foresterie-communautaire-au-cameroun-doit-tester-dautres-modeles-non-axes-sur-lexploitation-du-bois","title":{"rendered":"La foresterie communautaire au Cameroun doit tester d’autres mod\u00e8les non ax\u00e9s sur l\u2019exploitation du bois"},"content":{"rendered":"

En 1994, le Cameroun est devenu le premier pays du bassin du Congo \u00e0 adopter le concept de \u00ab foresterie communautaire \u00bb dans son cadre juridique, donnant aux populations rurales l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de s\u00e9curiser un espace du domaine forestier non permanent et d\u2019y conduire des activit\u00e9s lucratives, selon un plan simple de gestion valid\u00e9 par l\u2019administration. Parmi ces activit\u00e9s, la plupart des for\u00eats communautaires se sont orient\u00e9es vers la production du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre, une activit\u00e9 souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9e par les populations rurales comme le meilleur moyen d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir rapidement des revenus importants.<\/p>\n

Quoique prometteuse, l\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re a cependant rencontr\u00e9 de nombreuses difficult\u00e9s et n\u2019a jamais op\u00e9r\u00e9 en respectant pleinement la l\u00e9galit\u00e9. En 2013 d\u00e9j\u00e0, un collectif de chercheurs<\/a> montrait qu\u2019aucune for\u00eat communautaire ne respectait enti\u00e8rement les exigences de la grille de l\u00e9galit\u00e9, avec trois v\u00e9rificateurs sur 37 qui n\u2019\u00e9taient jamais respect\u00e9s, et huit autres qui n\u2019\u00e9taient pas respect\u00e9s par plus de la moiti\u00e9 des 76 for\u00eats communautaires \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9es. Tout r\u00e9cemment, le Service d\u2019Appui aux Initiatives Locales de D\u00e9veloppement<\/a> (SAILD) a confirm\u00e9 ce diagnostic en dressant un inventaire des travers courants de l\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re dans les for\u00eats communautaires : falsification des donn\u00e9es d\u2019inventaire, abattage hors limites, abattage d\u2019essences non autoris\u00e9es, abattage sous diam\u00e8tre, trafic de lettres de voiture, et falsification ou fausses d\u00e9clarations sur les lettres de voiture, entre autres.<\/p>\n

Ces pratiques frauduleuses g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es dans les for\u00eats communautaires sont aujourd\u2019hui reconnues par l\u2019administration. Dans une lettre circulaire envoy\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 2020 \u00e0 ses d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s r\u00e9gionaux, le Ministre camerounais des For\u00eats et de la Faune \u00e9crit qu\u2019il \u00ab ressort de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9currente que l\u2019exploitation des for\u00eats communautaires alimente le blanchiment des bois ill\u00e9galement exploit\u00e9s \u00bb et exige un diagnostic rapide de la situation.<\/p>\n

Compte tenu des d\u00e9fis du mod\u00e8le de foresterie communautaire ax\u00e9 sur l\u2019exploitation de bois, d\u2019autres usages des ressources sont envisageables, peut-\u00eatre davantage porteurs de d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p>\n\n

De l\u2019exploitation du bois \u00e0 la protection de la for\u00eat<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019histoire de la for\u00eat communautaire de la COPAL<\/a>, situ\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion Centre du Cameroun, est repr\u00e9sentative des tendances de la foresterie communautaire au pays. L\u2019initiative, lanc\u00e9e au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000 gr\u00e2ce au soutien d\u2019organisations ext\u00e9rieures, a commenc\u00e9 effectivement l\u2019exploitation du bois en 2007. Mais les ressources ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapidement surexploit\u00e9es et la COPAL a d\u00e9riv\u00e9 dans des pratiques illicites, m\u00eame si elles n’ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s rentables. Depuis une petite dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, la for\u00eat communautaire existe sur le papier mais plus grand-chose ne s\u2019y passe.<\/p>\n

Cependant, une opportunit\u00e9 de changer la donne est arriv\u00e9e en 2019, lorsque la Nachtigal Hydro Power Company (NHPC), la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en charge de la construction et l\u2019exploitation de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement hydro\u00e9lectrique de Nachtigal amont, a annonc\u00e9 un appui \u00e0 la for\u00eat communautaire de la COPAL dans le cadre de la compensation environnementale de son projet (situ\u00e9 \u00e0 une quinzaine de kilom\u00e8tres de la for\u00eat communautaire).<\/p>\n

Soutenu par le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), ce projet donne une nouvelle vie \u00e0 la COPAL et une opportunit\u00e9 de changer la direction. \u00c0 la suite d\u2019un large processus consultatif de six mois, organis\u00e9 dans les neuf villages qui se trouvent dans cette for\u00eat communautaire et abouti en ao\u00fbt 2020, les populations ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9es \u00e0 la mise en d\u00e9fens d\u2019une surface de 500 hectares de leur for\u00eat. Les blocs choisis repr\u00e9sentent la diversit\u00e9 \u00e9cosyst\u00e9mique du site.<\/p>\n

Pas de conservation sans d\u00e9veloppement rural<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le choix de la conservation par les membres de la COPAL ne doit toutefois pas faire illusion, celui-ci ne peut \u00eatre accept\u00e9 par les communaut\u00e9s que s\u2019il s\u2019inscrit dans un projet plus global de d\u00e9veloppement rural. Au-del\u00e0 de la conservation, c\u2019est donc un ensemble de trois activit\u00e9s productives qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9 par les communaut\u00e9s : l\u2019appui \u00e0 la r\u00e9habilitation foresti\u00e8re pour les agriculteurs volontaires, la formalisation de l\u2019exploitation artisanale du bois, et la promotion d\u2019une cacaoculture rentable et certifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 travers ces activit\u00e9s, plusieurs objectifs concourent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer durablement les conditions de vie des populations : l\u2019augmentation des revenus tir\u00e9s d\u2019un volume accru de cacao sur des march\u00e9s valorisants, un cadr\u00e9 s\u00e9curis\u00e9 facilitant l\u2019investissement pour les scieurs artisanaux, et la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et le maintien des ressources en bois par les propri\u00e9taires coutumiers int\u00e9ress\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La vision de la COPAL est donc d\u2019\u00e9laborer un d\u00e9veloppement local inclusif qui est la meilleure garantie pour que la conservation de la for\u00eat soit possible. Un changement de mentalit\u00e9 qui prouve que d’autres mod\u00e8les de foresterie communautaire sont possibles au Cameroun.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 1994, le Cameroun est devenu le premier pays du bassin du Congo \u00e0 adopter le concept de \u00ab foresterie communautaire \u00bb dans son cadre juridique, donnant aux populations rurales l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de s\u00e9curiser un espace du domaine forestier non permanent et d\u2019y conduire des activit\u00e9s lucratives, selon un plan simple de gestion valid\u00e9 par l\u2019administration. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":244,"featured_media":69851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[10013,10015,3080,8311,7669,7482,10210,9602,10014],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[6870,10211],"class_list":["post-69846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-communaute-rurale","tag-francais-copal","tag-francais-deforestation","tag-francais-environnement","tag-francais-exploitation-du-bois","tag-francais-foret-communautaire","tag-francais-nachtigal-hydro-power-company","tag-francais-paysages-forestiers","tag-francais-rechauffement-climatique","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa foresterie communautaire au Cameroun doit tester d'autres mod\u00e8les non ax\u00e9s sur l\u2019exploitation du bois - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/69846\/la-foresterie-communautaire-au-cameroun-doit-tester-dautres-modeles-non-axes-sur-lexploitation-du-bois\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La foresterie communautaire au Cameroun doit tester d'autres mod\u00e8les non ax\u00e9s sur l\u2019exploitation du bois\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 1994, le Cameroun est devenu le premier pays du bassin du Congo \u00e0 adopter le concept de \u00ab foresterie communautaire \u00bb dans son cadre juridique, donnant aux populations rurales l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de s\u00e9curiser un espace du domaine forestier non permanent et d\u2019y conduire des activit\u00e9s lucratives, selon un plan simple de gestion valid\u00e9 par l\u2019administration. 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