{"id":67583,"date":"2020-10-01T13:58:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T06:58:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=67583"},"modified":"2020-10-02T13:17:05","modified_gmt":"2020-10-02T06:17:05","slug":"six-conseils-restauration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/67583\/six-conseils-restauration","title":{"rendered":"Six conseils pour les entrepreneurs en restauration d\u2019Afrique"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’Afrique a le potentiel de restaurer 700 millions d’hectares<\/a> de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et d\u00e9bois\u00e9es, mais les experts pr\u00e9viennent que pour transformer les terres et les moyens de subsistance \u00e0 long terme, les initiatives de plantation d’arbres doivent \u00eatre soutenues par des strat\u00e9gies solides fond\u00e9es sur la science.<\/p>\n

Pendant le forum num\u00e9rique \u00ab La plantation d’arbres peut-elle sauver notre plan\u00e8te ?<\/a> \u00bb organis\u00e9 par le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), le Centre international de recherche en agroforesterie (ICRAF) et le Forum mondial sur les paysages (GLF) le 29 septembre, des chercheurs, des experts forestiers, des dirigeants communautaires, des investisseurs et des d\u00e9cideurs ont discut\u00e9 des cl\u00e9s d’un reboisement r\u00e9ussi et de la restauration des paysages forestiers.<\/p>\n

Voici quelques conseils pour r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 planter des arbres :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pensez non seulement \u00e0 la plantation, mais aussi \u00e0 la croissance<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Le vrai d\u00e9fi n’est pas de planter des semis, mais de les nourrir afin qu’ils grandissent et r\u00e9alisent leur contribution potentielle aux avantages environnementaux, sociaux et \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 long terme. \u00ab Choisir le bon arbre pour le bon endroit et le bon objectif est essentiel \u2013 c’est notre mantra, \u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Ramni Jamnadass, co-leader du programme Tree Productivity and Diversity<\/em> de l\u2019ICRAF.<\/p>\n

    L’objectif peut \u00eatre li\u00e9 \u00e0 des produits tels que les fruits, le fourrage, ou le bois, ou \u00e0 des services tels que l’ombre, le contr\u00f4le de l’\u00e9rosion et la s\u00e9questration du carbone. La prise en compte des connaissances locales, des approches fond\u00e9es sur des preuves et l’engagement de la communaut\u00e9 sont les cl\u00e9s d’une restauration r\u00e9ussie des paysages forestiers, selon les experts.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Faites attention aux erreurs les plus courantes<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00ab Planter des monocultures, introduire des esp\u00e8ces envahissantes et ignorer l’utilisation de l’eau et l’\u00e9quilibre hydrique du sol sont trois des erreurs les plus courantes de la plantation d’arbres, \u00bb a expliqu\u00e9 Harrie Lovenstein, responsable de la recherche et du d\u00e9veloppement chez Land Life Company<\/em>, une entreprise de reboisement bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Amsterdam. D’autres erreurs incluent le fait de ne pas pr\u00e9parer le sol ou d’adapter l’approche aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s biophysiques et culturelles dans un endroit sp\u00e9cifique. Un autre conseil des participants au forum : Soyez intelligents face au climat, en exp\u00e9rimentant et en s\u00e9lectionnant des variantes d’esp\u00e8ces autochtones plus tol\u00e9rantes \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse.<\/p>\n\n

        \n
      1. Mettez les communaut\u00e9s locales au centre de votre strat\u00e9gie<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Il est essentiel de faire participer les communaut\u00e9s et de s’assurer qu’elles b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient des paysages forestiers restaur\u00e9s pour garantir le succ\u00e8s \u00e0 long terme. \u00ab La restauration a finalement lieu au niveau local et doit prendre en compte la dynamique sociale et \u00e9conomique de chaque communaut\u00e9, \u00bb a dit Susan Chomba, coordinatrice de projet chez l’ICRAF. Les consid\u00e9rations devraient inclure le genre, le pouvoir et la dynamique des groupes d’\u00e2ge, a-t-elle ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Profitez des applications mobiles<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          De nouveaux outils adapt\u00e9s aux contextes locaux peuvent r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts, am\u00e9liorer les taux de survie et soutenir l’engagement communautaire en aidant les agriculteurs et les praticiens de la restauration \u00e0 prendre de meilleures d\u00e9cisions. L’application du CIFOR-ICRAF vegetationmap4africa<\/a>, par exemple, permet aux utilisateurs de d\u00e9terminer quels arbres et arbustes sont originaires d’un emplacement. Ces informations, combin\u00e9es aux connaissances locales sur les esp\u00e8ces qui conviendraient le mieux \u00e0 une zone et \u00e0 un objectif particulier, facilitent la s\u00e9lection du bon arbre.<\/p>\n

          Un autre ajout \u00e0 la bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils est l’application Regreening Africa<\/a>, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par les experts du CIFOR-ICRAF Tor-Gunnar Vagen, Roeland Kindt et Muhammad Ahmad. L’application est bas\u00e9e sur le crowdsourcing<\/em> assist\u00e9 pour le suivi de la restauration des terres \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. \u00ab Cet outil permet d’enregistrer, de suivre et d’am\u00e9liorer la performance des efforts de restauration, \u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 T. Vagen, citant des exemples de pays comme le Rwanda, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, le Kenya, le Mali, le Ghana, l’\u00c9thiopie et le Niger.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Jetez un \u0153il aux technologies et entreprises \u00e9mergentes<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            La t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection et l’intelligence artificielle pourraient transformer l’avenir de la plantation d’arbres. \u00ab Les planteuses d’arbres manuelles continueront de faire partie de la solution, mais la technologie est un moyen de nous aider \u00e0 atteindre l’\u00e9chelle dont nous avons besoin, plus rapidement, \u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Lauren Fletcher, fondatrice de BetaEarth.global<\/a>. \u00ab Les drones peuvent planter 400 000 graines par jour, contre quelques centaines gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une approche manuelle ; ils peuvent \u00e9galement acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des endroits o\u00f9 nous ne pouvons pas attirer de monde. \u00bb<\/p>\n

            Land Life Company<\/em> suit des milliers d’arbres plant\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des emplacements GPS, des drones et des satellites. \u00ab Ces donn\u00e9es nous permettront de cr\u00e9er des cartes de plantation d’arbres qui peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es par nos machines \u00e0 planter des arbres, et elles alimentent \u00e9galement un portail qui permet \u00e0 nos clients de v\u00e9rifier les arbres, \u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 H. Lovenstein.<\/p>\n

            La technologie a un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer, mais il y aura toujours un besoin pour la composante humaine, a clarifi\u00e9 L. Fletcher, ajoutant : \u00ab J’adore la technologie, mais vous devez la voir comme un outil \u00e0 utiliser au bon endroit et au bon moment et pour le bon objectif. \u00bb<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Laissez la nature faire le travail<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Dans certains cas, au lieu de planter des arbres, la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle des for\u00eats peut \u00eatre une meilleure solution : \u00ab C’est une strat\u00e9gie peu co\u00fbteuse qui ne n\u00e9cessite pas de p\u00e9pini\u00e8res ni de main-d’\u0153uvre importante, mais il est important d’\u00e9valuer quand et o\u00f9 cela est possible, \u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Joice Ferreira, chercheuse \u00e0 Embrapa Amaz\u00f4nia Oriental<\/a><\/em> au Br\u00e9sil.<\/p>\n

              Discutant de ses recherches en Amazonie br\u00e9silienne, Ferreira a expliqu\u00e9 que les for\u00eats secondaires ont r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 80 pour cent de leurs niveaux de carbone et de biodiversit\u00e9 dans les for\u00eats primaires en seulement quatre ans. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 possible en raison des temp\u00e9ratures et des pr\u00e9cipitations optimales, et du fait que le changement d’utilisation des terres dans la r\u00e9gion est relativement r\u00e9cent, se produisant au cours des 30 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, et pas toujours intensif \u2013 les activit\u00e9s agricoles consistent souvent en des p\u00e2turages extensifs.<\/p>\n

              \u00ab Parmi les d\u00e9cideurs politiques, il y a beaucoup plus d’enthousiasme pour la plantation d’arbres, m\u00eame quand ce n’est pas du tout n\u00e9cessaire, \u00bb a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9. \u00ab \u00c0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale, il existe de nombreuses possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle et nous devons en profiter. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              L’Afrique a le potentiel de restaurer 700 millions d’hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et d\u00e9bois\u00e9es, mais les experts pr\u00e9viennent que pour transformer les terres et les moyens de subsistance \u00e0 long terme, les initiatives de plantation d’arbres doivent \u00eatre soutenues par des strat\u00e9gies solides fond\u00e9es sur la science. Pendant le forum num\u00e9rique \u00ab La plantation d’arbres […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":67584,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8597,3160,10074,12372,5304],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3049],"coauthors":[7884],"class_list":["post-67583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-afr100","tag-francais-afrique","tag-francais-entreprenariat","tag-francais-plantation-dabres","tag-francais-restauration","type-francais-conference"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSix conseils pour les entrepreneurs en restauration d\u2019Afrique - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/67583\/six-conseils-restauration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Six conseils pour les entrepreneurs en restauration d\u2019Afrique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L’Afrique a le potentiel de restaurer 700 millions d’hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et d\u00e9bois\u00e9es, mais les experts pr\u00e9viennent que pour transformer les terres et les moyens de subsistance \u00e0 long terme, les initiatives de plantation d’arbres doivent \u00eatre soutenues par des strat\u00e9gies solides fond\u00e9es sur la science. 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