{"id":66448,"date":"2020-07-24T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-24T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=66448"},"modified":"2020-07-27T14:19:39","modified_gmt":"2020-07-27T07:19:39","slug":"pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/66448\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie","title":{"rendered":"Pas d’avenir pour les mangroves sans une gestion durable du bois \u00e9nergie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Parmi les plus vastes d’Afrique<\/a>, les mangroves du Cameroun sont des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes uniques \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re\nentre la terre et la mer, abritant de superbes pal\u00e9tuviers et d\u2019autres essences\nqui peuvent atteindre jusqu’\u00e0 40 m\u00e8tres de hauteur. Elles renferment une riche\nbiodiversit\u00e9 du point de vue de la flore et de la faune. Les mangroves fournissent\nun habitat de fray\u00e8re et de croissance tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cieux pour les poissons et les\ncrustac\u00e9s, y compris les crevettes fant\u00f4mes (Lepidophthalmus turneranus<\/em>)\ndevenues rares et qui ont donn\u00e9 le nom du pays – \u00ab camar\u00f5es \u00bb signifie crevettes\nen portugais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9tudes estiment qu\u2019environ 30 % de la population<\/a> du pays vivant dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res tire ses moyens de subsistance des\nressources de la mangrove, notamment par l\u2019exploitation des produits halieutiques,\nligneux et non-ligneux. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les mangroves sont \u00e9galement l’une des meilleures armes du Cameroun dans\nla lutte contre le changement climatique car elles s\u00e9questrent du carbone\net r\u00e9gulent \u00e0 la fois le micro et le macroclimat. Bien plus, elles stabilisent\nla c\u00f4te et servent de barri\u00e8res contre l\u2019\u00e9rosion du continent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, malgr\u00e9 leur \u00e9norme valeur, les mangroves du pays sont en danger, avec une disparition estim\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ordre d\u2019environ 1 % par an<\/a>. La zone de mangrove autour de Douala, d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e estuaire du Wouri, est la plus d\u00e9cim\u00e9e, avec un taux de destruction de l\u2019ordre de 6.2 % par an<\/a> sur la zone de Douala-Bonaberi, selon les chiffres officiels du gouvernement. Les menaces principales sont la pression d\u00e9mographique, l\u2019urbanisation, et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique de la zone littorale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une ville en expansion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ville de Douala est un centre urbain en plein essor avec une\npopulation sans cesse croissante estim\u00e9e aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 environ 3,6 millions<\/a> de personnes. En tant que capitale \u00e9conomique du pays, Douala est un\ngrand p\u00f4le de consommation de ressources naturelles, ce qui occasionne une\npression accrue sur les for\u00eats p\u00e9riurbaines et les mangroves de l\u2019estuaire du\nWouri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9ficit \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique s\u2019inscrit parmi les d\u00e9fis majeurs de la ville. L’approvisionnement\nen \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 n’est pas soutenable et r\u00e9gulier pour la plupart des habitants,\nqui d\u00e9pendent alors en majorit\u00e9 du bois \u00e9nergie (surtout du charbon \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du\nbois de chauffe) pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et nutritionnels. De\nnombreuses unit\u00e9s de production utilisent \u00e9galement du bois \u00e9nergie pour leurs\nop\u00e9rations ; c\u2019est le cas par exemple des boulangeries, des r\u00f4tisseries, des\nrestaurants, des distilleries, ou des forgerons. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, le poisson compte parmi les principales sources de prot\u00e9ines pour les Doualais, mais en raison du d\u00e9ficit \u00e9lectrique r\u00e9current, la conservation reste un d\u00e9fi majeur. En cons\u00e9quence, le poisson fum\u00e9, localement appel\u00e9 \u00ab mbounga \u00bb, est largement utilis\u00e9 dans une vaste gamme de recettes typiques camerounaises. Le probl\u00e8me est que les techniques courantes de fumage du poisson sont archa\u00efques et utilisent des perches de mangrove dans des syst\u00e8mes de fumage tr\u00e8s voraces de bois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le poisson fum\u00e9 ou \u00ab mbounga \u00bb est largement utilis\u00e9 dans la cuisine camerounaise. Photo : Ahtziri Gonzalez\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le poisson est traditionnellement fum\u00e9 dans des \u00ab bandas \u00bb qui utilisent de perches de la mangrove. Photo : Ahtziri Gonzalez\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00eele au poisson fum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 2018, le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR)<\/a> travaille en collaboration avec l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Douala et l\u2019ONG Cameroun \u00c9cologie<\/a> sur l’\u00eele de Manoka, et la commune du 6\u00e8me arrondissement de Douala dans son ensemble, pour promouvoir des cha\u00eenes de valeur profitables et durables du bois \u00e9nergie pour prot\u00e9ger les mangroves de l\u2019estuaire du Wouri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu\u2019inconnue de la plupart des Camerounais, Manoka est la plus grande \u00eele du pays et un important centre d’approvisionnement en poissons fum\u00e9s pour la ville de Douala et au-del\u00e0, y compris \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur. Les hommes de l\u2019\u00eele sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des p\u00eacheurs, pendant que les femmes se sp\u00e9cialisent davantage au ramassage du bois et au fumage de poissons. La population locale ne d\u00e9passe pas 2 000 habitants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La couverture foresti\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00eele de Manoka ne repr\u00e9sente plus qu\u2019environ 56 %, avec environ 14% de la diminution enregistr\u00e9e entre 1986 et 2018. Selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Cameroun \u00c9cologie, chaque ann\u00e9e 750 m3<\/sup> de bois de mangrove sont destin\u00e9s au fumage du poisson au niveau local. Si nous n’agissons pas, nous risquons une d\u00e9gradation irr\u00e9parable de cet \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me si fragile mais si important pour la r\u00e9gulation climatique de cette zone littorale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La strat\u00e9gie du CIFOR et ses partenaires est donc\ndouble : Avec le soutien financier de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, nous\ninvestissons dans le d\u00e9veloppement de technologies am\u00e9lior\u00e9es de fumage du\npoisson qui peuvent aider \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser de grandes \u00e9conomies de consommation de\nbois, et ainsi r\u00e9duire la pression insupportable sur les ressources de la mangrove\net am\u00e9liorer les conditions de travail des femmes. Dans le m\u00eame ordre d\u2019id\u00e9es,\nnous promouvons des solutions \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques durables pour r\u00e9duire la\nconsommation de bois \u00e9nergie dans les m\u00e9nages \u00e0 travers les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9fi n’est pas simple. Pour que les solutions propos\u00e9es soient efficaces \u00e0 long terme, nous devons utiliser des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res locales et abordables, cr\u00e9er des technologies attrayantes pour les utilisateurs, et innover avec des mod\u00e8les commerciaux accessibles pouvant \u00eatre diss\u00e9min\u00e9s \u00e0 une   large \u00e9chelle. Toutes ces actions doivent \u00e9galement \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9es d’une forte sensibilisation des consommateurs de bois \u00e9nergie pour favoriser le changement de comportement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un appel \u00e0 l’action<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A l\u2019occasion de la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration de la Journ\u00e9e internationale pour la conservation de\nl’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la mangrove<\/a>, nous voulons profiter pour faire prendre\nconscience aussi bien aux populations locales qu\u2019aux acteurs p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques  que l’avenir des mangroves du Cameroun d\u00e9pend en\ngrande partie de notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 transformer la fili\u00e8re bois \u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du gouvernement \u00e0 tous les niveaux, nous avons besoin d’incitations pour\nles producteurs et les utilisateurs qui optent pour des options durables. Et\nnous, les citoyens, que nous utilisions du bois \u00e9nergie comme moyens de\nsubsistance en cuisinant ou pour satisfaire d\u2019autres besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques \u00e0 la\nmaison, nous devons nous int\u00e9resser \u00e0 l’origine des ressources que nous\nconsommons et \u00e0 l\u2019impact de leur pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est seulement par cette voie que les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures de notre pays\npourront avoir la chance de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier \u00e9galement des nombreux services\n\u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques fournis par les mangroves.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Parmi les plus vastes d’Afrique, les mangroves du Cameroun sont des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes uniques \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re entre la terre et la mer, abritant de superbes pal\u00e9tuviers et d\u2019autres essences qui peuvent atteindre jusqu’\u00e0 40 m\u00e8tres de hauteur. Elles renferment une riche biodiversit\u00e9 du point de vue de la flore et de la faune. Les mangroves […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":66454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8102,2992,9920,2336,12370,2327,9919],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3050],"coauthors":[1257,9936],"class_list":["post-66448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-bois-energie","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-douala","tag-francais-ecosystemes","tag-francais-journee-internationale-pour-la-conservation-de-lecosysteme-de-la-mangrove","tag-francais-mangroves","tag-francais-manoka","type-francais-a-partager"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPas d'avenir pour les mangroves sans une gestion durable du bois \u00e9nergie - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/66448\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pas d'avenir pour les mangroves sans une gestion durable du bois \u00e9nergie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Parmi les plus vastes d’Afrique, les mangroves du Cameroun sont des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes uniques \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re entre la terre et la mer, abritant de superbes pal\u00e9tuviers et d\u2019autres essences qui peuvent atteindre jusqu’\u00e0 40 m\u00e8tres de hauteur. Elles renferment une riche biodiversit\u00e9 du point de vue de la flore et de la faune. Les mangroves […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/66448\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-24T06:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-27T07:19:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/D.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1386\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"923\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Abdon Awono, Lydie Flora Essamba \u00e0 Rim\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@awono_abdon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/66448\\\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/66448\\\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abdon Awono\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4ea14158f97ff33a0ee1a2df860cd0d2\"},\"headline\":\"Pas d’avenir pour les mangroves sans une gestion durable du bois \u00e9nergie\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-24T06:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-27T07:19:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/66448\\\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie\"},\"wordCount\":1117,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/66448\\\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/D.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/66448\\\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2020\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/66448\\\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/66448\\\/pas-davenir-pour-les-mangroves-sans-une-gestion-durable-du-bois-energie\",\"name\":\"Pas d'avenir pour les mangroves sans une gestion durable du bois \u00e9nergie - 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He has accumulated more than 20 years working experience in forestry, especially in tropical forest resource management, forest economics, and forest policy and land use systems. He is a holder of a PhD in Geography and Land Use Planning from University of Montpellier III, France; a Master of Science in Environmental Impact Assessment from Dschang University, Cameroon and another Master of Science in Political Science from University of Yaound\u00e9 II, Cameroon. 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