{"id":66199,"date":"2020-08-26T14:00:45","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T07:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=66199"},"modified":"2020-08-25T23:24:43","modified_gmt":"2020-08-25T16:24:43","slug":"leconomie-circulaire-est-la-solution-pour-lavenir-de-la-filiere-bois-energie-au-cameroun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/66199\/leconomie-circulaire-est-la-solution-pour-lavenir-de-la-filiere-bois-energie-au-cameroun","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00e9conomie circulaire est la solution pour l\u2019avenir de la fili\u00e8re bois \u00e9nergie au Cameroun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement publi\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9dition du 25 ao\u00fbt 2020 <\/em>du journal \u00ab Cameroon Tribune \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire est un mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique et industriel visant \u00e0 maintenir les produits, leurs composants et les mat\u00e9riaux en circulation le plus longtemps possible pour promouvoir la durabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dans ce mod\u00e8le, lorsqu’un produit arrive en fin de vie, les ressources qui le composent sont maintenues dans le cycle \u00e9conomique afin d’\u00eatre utilis\u00e9es encore et encore pour recr\u00e9er de la valeur. \u00c9galement, les d\u00e9chets industriels, agricoles ou m\u00e9nagers sont r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9s pour fabriquer des nouveaux produits et ainsi \u00e9viter le gaspillage. En cons\u00e9quence, les d\u00e9chets et l’utilisation des ressources sont r\u00e9duits au minimum.<\/p>\n

Alors que le Cameroun avance vers l’\u00e9mergence, la transformation de notre \u00e9conomie d\u2019un mod\u00e8le lin\u00e9aire vers un mod\u00e8le circulaire sera d\u00e9terminante pour assurer une gestion plus efficace des ressources, g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des emplois, et r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique sur l\u2019environnement. Et la fili\u00e8re bois \u00e9nergie est un excellent point de d\u00e9part pour cette transformation.<\/p>\n

Au pays, au moins 75 % des m\u00e9nages utilisent le bois \u00e9nergie pour cuisiner, selon l\u2019Enqu\u00eate Camerounaise Aupr\u00e8s des M\u00e9nages<\/a>. De nombreuses activit\u00e9s commerciales aussi en d\u00e9pendent pour leur viabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, telles que les boulangeries, les brasseries, les restaurants, les services de blanchisserie, les forgerons, et le fumage du poisson et de la viande.<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s les donn\u00e9es de 2012, la demande urbaine du bois \u00e9nergie est estim\u00e9e \u00e0 2,2 millions de tonnes de bois de chauffe et 356 530 tonnes de charbon par an. La production de bois \u00e9nergie repr\u00e9sente d\u00e9j\u00e0 73 % de l\u2019exploitation totale de bois du pays. Et la demande ne fera que cro\u00eetre \u00e0 mesure que notre population augmentera et que nos villes deviendront plus peupl\u00e9es. Si nous n’agissons pas, l’impact potentiel sur nos for\u00eats sera catastrophique.<\/p>\n\n

Des alternatives en perspective<\/strong><\/p>\n

La bonne nouvelle, c’est qu\u2019une partie importante de la demande pourrait \u00eatre satisfaite par des alternatives durables produites \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets. La solution se trouve alors dans l’\u00e9conomie circulaire.<\/p>\n

Tout d\u2019abord, il existe un \u00e9norme potentiel de production des briquettes \u00e0 partir des d\u00e9chets m\u00e9nagers, avec un meilleur rendement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique par rapport au charbon de bois traditionnel. \u00c0 Douala, le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR) appuie Kemit Ecology<\/a>, une jeune entreprise locale qui fabrique du charbon \u00e9cologique sur les berges du Wouri, gr\u00e2ce aux ordures telles que les pelures de plantain et les feuilles de ma\u00efs. C\u2019est une initiative gagnant-gagnant qui soutient la gestion des d\u00e9chets de la ville et fournit une solution \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique abordable et pratique aux m\u00e9nages, tout en r\u00e9duisant la pression exerc\u00e9e sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels. Notre objectif est d\u2019avancer la r\u00e9plicabilit\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le et de soutenir un approvisionnement de briquettes \u00e9cologiques dans d’autres centres urbains du pays.<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9chets du sciage repr\u00e9sentent une autre opportunit\u00e9 importante. L’une des strat\u00e9gies de d\u00e9veloppement prioritaires du gouvernement dans le secteur forestier est de promouvoir la transformation du bois dans le pays, afin de cr\u00e9er de la valeur \u00e9conomique et des emplois. Cependant, jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, il n’y a pas une strat\u00e9gie pour encourager la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des d\u00e9chets dans la production d\u2019autres produits ligneux. Bien que le Cameroun ait d\u00e9j\u00e0 enregistr\u00e9 quelques exp\u00e9riences avec succ\u00e8s sur la production de charbon \u00e9cologique dans des concessions foresti\u00e8res dans la r\u00e9gion de l’Est, le d\u00e9fi consiste \u00e0 passer \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle sup\u00e9rieure. Cela \u00e9vitera au Cameroun, et m\u00eame aux autres pays du Bassin du Congo, de voir se creuser progressivement, sous l\u2019effet du mythe de l\u2019abondance, l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les besoins incompressibles impos\u00e9s par le boom d\u00e9mographique des villes et le potentiel naturel de nos for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Depuis un an, le CIFOR, financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et en collaboration avec diverses institutions gouvernementales, la coop\u00e9ration allemande et les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, travaille avec des unit\u00e9s de transformation de bois et des producteurs de charbon pour les sensibiliser \u00e0 cette probl\u00e9matique, appelant le secteur priv\u00e9 \u00e0 int\u00e9grer la gestion des d\u00e9chets dans leurs strat\u00e9gies de responsabilit\u00e9 sociale. \u00c0 ce jour, le plein engagement du secteur priv\u00e9 reste attendu et nous esp\u00e9rons que des incitations seront trouv\u00e9es pour que tous les acteurs soient port\u00e9s vers la durabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
Le pays a d\u00e9j\u00e0 quelques exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9ussies de production de charbon en utilisant des d\u00e9chets. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

Et si le gouvernement camerounais venait en appui ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Au Cameroun, l’approvisionnement et le commerce de bois \u00e9nergie ne sont pas suffisamment repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans les politiques nationales, et il y a des profondes lacunes juridiques et institutionnelles qui contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019aggravation des pratiques ill\u00e9gales et la surexploitation des ressources foresti\u00e8res. Tant que le gouvernement n\u2019int\u00e8gre pas la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019appuyer les acteurs \u0153uvrant pour la chaine de valeur du bois \u00e9nergie vert par la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des d\u00e9chets avec des m\u00e9thodes de carbonisation plus efficaces, il sera difficile d’entamer la transition vers la durabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

De nombreuses incitations sont concevables, notamment l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une convention entre le Minist\u00e8re des For\u00eats et de la Faune<\/a> (MINFOF) et les entreprises foresti\u00e8res pour la mise \u00e0 disposition des rebuts de bois visant la maximisation des op\u00e9rations de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ; la d\u00e9fiscalisation ou l\u2019institution d\u2019une fiscalit\u00e9 souple pour les alternatives durables ; la diminution progressive jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat des attributions de permis du MINFOF pour la production du charbon face \u00e0 la concurrence \u00e9vidente avec les alternatives durables ; et l\u2019acc\u00e8s prot\u00e9g\u00e9 du charbon vert aux principaux p\u00f4les de consommation situ\u00e9s dans des zones \u00e9cologiquement fragiles du pays, notamment le Nord et l\u2019Extr\u00eame-Nord.<\/p>\n

Finalement, ce n’est qu’avec des politiques de soutien que nous r\u00e9ussirons \u00e0 avancer la transformation vers l\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire et \u00e0 faire en sorte que les vastes ressources foresti\u00e8res du Cameroun profitent aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pr\u00e9sentes et futures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement publi\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9dition du 25 ao\u00fbt 2020 du journal \u00ab Cameroon Tribune \u00bb. L\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire est un mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique et industriel visant \u00e0 maintenir les produits, leurs composants et les mat\u00e9riaux en circulation le plus longtemps possible pour promouvoir la durabilit\u00e9. Dans ce mod\u00e8le, lorsqu’un produit arrive en fin de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":66201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8102,2992,9112,9904,7530],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3051],"coauthors":[1257],"class_list":["post-66199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-bois-energie","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-charbon","tag-francais-economie-circulaire","tag-francais-foret","type-francais-debat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'\u00e9conomie circulaire est la solution pour l\u2019avenir de la fili\u00e8re bois \u00e9nergie au Cameroun - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/66199\/leconomie-circulaire-est-la-solution-pour-lavenir-de-la-filiere-bois-energie-au-cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'\u00e9conomie circulaire est la solution pour l\u2019avenir de la fili\u00e8re bois \u00e9nergie au Cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement publi\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9dition du 25 ao\u00fbt 2020 du journal \u00ab Cameroon Tribune \u00bb. L\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire est un mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique et industriel visant \u00e0 maintenir les produits, leurs composants et les mat\u00e9riaux en circulation le plus longtemps possible pour promouvoir la durabilit\u00e9. 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