{"id":65349,"date":"2020-05-05T09:30:23","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T02:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=65349"},"modified":"2020-05-06T15:20:24","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T08:20:24","slug":"vers-la-formalisation-de-lexploitation-artisanale-du-bois-doeuvre-en-afrique-centrale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/65349\/vers-la-formalisation-de-lexploitation-artisanale-du-bois-doeuvre-en-afrique-centrale","title":{"rendered":"Vers la formalisation de l\u2019exploitation artisanale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre en Afrique centrale"},"content":{"rendered":"

En Afrique centrale, les march\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs et r\u00e9gionaux du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre sont en plein essor. La croissance d\u00e9mographique rapide, l’urbanisation et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique de la r\u00e9gion sont \u00e0 l’origine de la hausse de la demande interne des sciages, qui dans de nombreux pays est d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus importante<\/a> en volume que l’exploitation industrielle pour les march\u00e9s d’exportation.<\/p>\n

Mais le faible pouvoir d\u2019achat de la population et l\u2019absence d\u2019exigences des clients quant \u00e0 l\u2019origine des ressources font que ce march\u00e9 est majoritairement aliment\u00e9 par une fili\u00e8re informelle. La demande domestique est alors approvisionn\u00e9e par des exploitants artisanaux qui, bien qu’organis\u00e9s, op\u00e8rent principalement en dehors des cadres l\u00e9gaux.<\/p>\n

Le secteur g\u00e9n\u00e8re des emplois et des revenus importants en milieu rural et urbain. Par exemple, au Cameroun le sciage artisanal cr\u00e9e 45 000 emplois directs et d\u00e9gage plus de 20 milliards FCFA, selon une \u00e9tude<\/a> du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR). Mais ces emplois sont pr\u00e9caires. Les lacunes juridiques signifient que les exploitants artisanaux ont des revenus irr\u00e9guliers et sont vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la corruption et aux abus des autorit\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Deux des probl\u00e8mes de l’informalit\u00e9 sont qu’elle permet difficilement une croissance solide de l\u2019activit\u00e9 pour les entrepreneurs et qu\u2019elle contribue tr\u00e8s peu aux recettes publiques, d\u2019apr\u00e8s Guillaume Lescuyer, scientifique au Centre de coop\u00e9ration internationale en recherche agronomique pour le d\u00e9veloppement<\/a> (Cirad) et chercheur associ\u00e9 au CIFOR. \u00ab L\u2019utilisation durable des ressources foresti\u00e8res doit devenir un moteur de d\u00e9veloppement en Afrique centrale, mais parce que cette fili\u00e8re se d\u00e9ploie dans un contexte incertain et fluctuant, aujourd\u2019hui sa croissance \u00e9conomique est brim\u00e9e tant pour les op\u00e9rateurs que pour l\u2019Etat \u00bb, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Par ailleurs, cette situation entra\u00eene la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats, selon Richard Eba\u2019a Atyi, le coordonnateur r\u00e9gional du CIFOR en Afrique centrale. \u00ab L\u2019exploitation artisanale est largement n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par les syst\u00e8mes de gouvernance foresti\u00e8re au profit du secteur industriel, donc il est difficile d\u2019adopter des politiques pour minimiser ses impacts environnementaux, \u00bb a-t-il expliqu\u00e9.
\n\u00ab Si la fili\u00e8re continue \u00e0 op\u00e9rer dans l\u2019ombre, il sera difficile d’envisager la durabilit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
Dans quelques pays d'Afrique centrale, le volume de bois vendu sur les march\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs est sup\u00e9rieur aux exportations. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

Une transformation du march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 cette situation, le CIFOR a lanc\u00e9 le projet \u00ab Promouvoir et formaliser l\u2019exploitation artisanale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre en Afrique centrale (PROFEAAC) \u00bb qui sera mis en \u0153uvre d’ici la fin de 2023. Financ\u00e9 principalement par le Fonds Fran\u00e7ais pour l\u2019Environnement Mondial<\/a>, il propose une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de formalisation et de d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019exploitation artisanale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre, allant de la gestion de la ressource ligneuse aux demandes de sciages dans les march\u00e9s domestiques.<\/p>\n

En premier lieu, le projet vise \u00e0 renforcer les capacit\u00e9s des exploitants artisanaux pour conduire une activit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale en obtenant un permis ou titre, ainsi que d\u00e9velopper leurs comp\u00e9tences commerciales et financi\u00e8res pour am\u00e9liorer leurs conditions de vie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les exploitants artisanaux de bois d\u2019\u0153uvre sont les premiers int\u00e9ress\u00e9s \u00e0 formaliser leurs activit\u00e9s, notre r\u00f4le sera donc de les accompagner, \u00bb a expliqu\u00e9 Liboum Mbonayem, chercheur au CIFOR.<\/p>\n

Pour ce faire, il faut aussi valoriser l\u2019exploitation artisanale dans les strat\u00e9gies de d\u00e9veloppement des entit\u00e9s territoriales d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es, selon L. Mbonayem. \u00ab Impliquer les \u00e9lus et administrations locaux dans la mise en \u0153uvre des permis d\u2019exploitation artisanale pour le march\u00e9 local sera crucial pour am\u00e9liorer la gouvernance \u00e0 long terme. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Afin de soutenir la formalisation du point de vue des consommateurs, le projet aussi promouvra des demandes de sciages l\u00e9gaux sur les march\u00e9s priv\u00e9s et publics. \u00c0 travers des strat\u00e9gies de communication et plaidoyer, le CIFOR veut accro\u00eetre le nombre de consommateurs particuliers et des secteurs public et priv\u00e9 sensibles \u00e0 l\u2019origine des sciages sur le march\u00e9 domestique.<\/p>\n

\u00ab \u00c0 la fin de ce projet, nous voulons avoir augment\u00e9 la part de bois l\u00e9gal vendu dans les march\u00e9s urbains \u00bb a expliqu\u00e9 G. Lescuyer. \u00ab Nous irons non seulement sensibiliser les sources d\u2019approvisionnement, mais aussi les diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories d\u2019acheteurs dans les grandes villes.\u2009\u00bb<\/p>\n

Finalement, dans le but de minimiser la contribution de l\u2019exploitation artisanale \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats, le projet vise \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des m\u00e9thodes \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt d\u2019estimation et de suivi des impacts environnementaux, ainsi que promouvoir des mesures locales de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et de reboisement des esp\u00e8ces ligneuses et d\u2019agroforesterie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Notre objectif final est de r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9gradation du couvert forestier du domaine rural en Afrique centrale en formalisant et en rationalisant l’exploitation artisanale du bois, \u00bb a dit R. Eba\u2019a Atyi.<\/p>\n\n

Les pays cibles<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le projet se d\u00e9roulera au Cameroun et en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), o\u00f9 le volume de sciage artisanal est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 2,1 millions<\/a> et 3,4 millions<\/a> de m\u00e8tres cubes (\u00e9quivalent bois rond) par an, respectivement.<\/p>\n

Cependant, bien que les deux pays aient des march\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs de bois d\u2019\u0153uvre tr\u00e8s importants, leurs syst\u00e8mes de gouvernance et les caract\u00e9ristiques de la demande appellent des solutions diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Au Cameroun, le projet a choisi deux sites pilotes dans l\u2019Est et le Centre qui approvisionnent les march\u00e9s de Yaound\u00e9. L\u2019objectif sera de promouvoir des Permis d\u2019exploitation du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre<\/a> (PEBO), une disposition pr\u00e9vue dans la loi foresti\u00e8re de 1994 qui permet aux op\u00e9rateurs artisanaux d\u2019exploiter et de commercialiser un volume de bois correspondant \u00e0 leurs moyens techniques et financiers.<\/p>\n

En RDC, le projet se focalisera dans la province de la Tshopo et les march\u00e9s qu\u2019elle approvisionne, surtout Kisangani. Dans ce pays, deux options de titre seront exp\u00e9riment\u00e9es, le Permis de Coupe Artisanale<\/a> (PCA) pour une exploitation individuelle et la Concession Foresti\u00e8re des Communaut\u00e9s Locales<\/a> (CFCL) dans le cadre de la foresterie communautaire.<\/p>\n

Pour atteindre ces objectifs, un partenariat solide avec les gouvernements est indispensable. \u00ab Le Minist\u00e8re des for\u00eats et de la faune au Cameroun, et la Coordination provinciale de l\u2019environnement et du d\u00e9veloppement durable de la Tshopo en RDC sont en effet nos principaux partenaires institutionnels dans la mise en \u0153uvre de ce projet, \u00bb a rappel\u00e9 R. Eba\u2019a Atyi.<\/p>\n

Mais d\u2019autres partenaires du projet tels que le CIRAD, l\u2019Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement<\/a> (IRD), Tropenbos RDC<\/a> et Ilexa-Bois (une association d\u2019exploitants artisanaux) aussi fourniront d\u2019assistance technique. \u00ab Ce pool de comp\u00e9tences est n\u00e9cessaire pour d\u00e9ployer une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de valorisation et de formalisation de cette fili\u00e8re, \u00bb a conclu G. Lescuyer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En Afrique centrale, les march\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs et r\u00e9gionaux du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre sont en plein essor. La croissance d\u00e9mographique rapide, l’urbanisation et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique de la r\u00e9gion sont \u00e0 l’origine de la hausse de la demande interne des sciages, qui dans de nombreux pays est d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus importante en volume que l’exploitation industrielle pour les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":65351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[12369,2992,3080,7530,7765],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[12380],"coauthors":[7884,9704],"class_list":["post-65349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-bois-doeuvre","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-deforestation","tag-francais-foret","tag-francais-rdc","type-francais-dans-lactualite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVers la formalisation de l\u2019exploitation artisanale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre en Afrique centrale - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/65349\/vers-la-formalisation-de-lexploitation-artisanale-du-bois-doeuvre-en-afrique-centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vers la formalisation de l\u2019exploitation artisanale du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre en Afrique centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En Afrique centrale, les march\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs et r\u00e9gionaux du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre sont en plein essor. 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