{"id":63184,"date":"2019-11-29T17:36:14","date_gmt":"2019-11-29T10:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=63184"},"modified":"2019-11-29T17:36:14","modified_gmt":"2019-11-29T10:36:14","slug":"vers-un-echange-panafricain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/63184\/vers-un-echange-panafricain","title":{"rendered":"Vers un \u00e9change panafricain sur la restauration des paysages forestiers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par Malin Elsen, Sven Schuppener, D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Tchigankong et Joary Niaina Andriamiharimanana<\/em><\/p>\n

L’Agence de D\u00e9veloppement de l’Union Africaine (AUDA-NEPAD)<\/a> pilote actuellement des \u00e9changes cibl\u00e9s entre les pays membres de l’Initiative pour la Restauration des Paysages Forestiers Africains (AFR100)<\/a> pour encourager l’apprentissage par les pairs sur la Restauration des Paysages Forestiers (RPF). \u00ab Le Cameroun est en train d’\u00e9laborer sa strat\u00e9gie nationale RPF et notre r\u00f4le en tant que secr\u00e9tariat de l\u2019AFR100 est de soutenir ce processus \u00bb, explique Mamadou Diakhit\u00e9 de l’AUDA-NEPAD.<\/p>\n

Madagascar est un pair id\u00e9al pour le Cameroun : Le pays insulaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 le pionnier du mouvement de restauration en finalisant sa strat\u00e9gie nationale en 2017 et en faisant progresser la gouvernance multisectorielle et multiniveaux sur le terrain. Pour tenir son engagement de restaurer 4 millions d’hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es, Madagascar a \u00e9tabli un dialogue intersectoriel entre les minist\u00e8res et partenaires concern\u00e9s et a \u00e9labor\u00e9 des documents cadres pour la mise en \u0153uvre de la restauration.<\/p>\n

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Bassins versants et mangroves<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les bassins versants nord-ouest et les mangroves de Boeny ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les premiers sites que la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation camerouanise a inspect\u00e9. En descendant les collines rocheuses rebois\u00e9es par les agriculteurs en amont, et en pataugeant dans la boue glissante entre les jeunes plants de mangroves, Mamy Arthur Randriamanana, acteur de la restauration des for\u00eats de mangroves et p\u00eacheur local, fait remarquer que les populations de crabes se d\u00e9placent tr\u00e8s rapidement. Il affirme que \u00ab les populations de crabes qui sont si essentielles \u00e0 la survie des p\u00eacheries locales, sont revenues six mois apr\u00e8s que nous ayons restaur\u00e9 ces mangroves \u00bb. Jean Jacques Jaozandry du Minist\u00e8re de l’Environnement appr\u00e9cie les questions des Camerounais. \u00ab L’\u00e9change nous aide \u00e0 aller de l’avant en travaillant \u00e0 la surveillance de ces services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques pour les p\u00eacheurs locaux \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de la restauration<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour Val\u00e9rie Ramahavalisoa, responsable du service des bassins versants et de la conservation des sols, la visite \u00e0 Boeny confirme qu’une approche paysage est indispensable pour la mise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle durable des approches de restauration existantes. \u00ab Il est vrai que des interventions ponctuelles peuvent donner des r\u00e9sultats, mais si nous intensifions notre riziculture dans les vall\u00e9es sans prot\u00e9ger la source d’eau et les collines en amont, les cultures finiront par \u00eatre envas\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de l’\u00e9rosion du sol \u00bb. Elle explique et ajoute que \u00ab c’est l’avantage de penser dans une approche paysage \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Au Cameroun, nous devrons impliquer tous les secteurs et pas seulement l’environnement et les for\u00eat. Le r\u00e9gime foncier et planification du territoire, l’agriculture, l’\u00e9levage, toutes ces questions exigent une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00bb, explique Christophe Bring, point focal national de la RPF au Cameroun. \u00ab C’est ce qui est devenu clair pour nous \u00e0 Madagascar \u00bb. C’est pourquoi, a-t-il annonc\u00e9, le Cameroun doit passer de la \u00ab Restauration des paysages forestiers \u00bb \u00e0 la \u00ab Restauration des paysages et <\/em>des for\u00eats \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Progr\u00e8s de la strat\u00e9gie nationale RPF du Cameroun<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9changes \u00e0 Boeny et Tana ont permis \u00e0 la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation camerounaise de se poser les questions cl\u00e9s pour l\u2019\u00e9laboration de leur strat\u00e9gie : toutes les donn\u00e9es n\u00e9cessaires sont-elles disponibles ? Comment int\u00e9grer les diff\u00e9rentes zones agro\u00e9cologiques du Cameroun dans une approche de gestion de la restauration?<\/p>\n

Bring estime que \u00ab le grand d\u00e9fi pour le Cameroun est d’inclure dans sa strat\u00e9gie diff\u00e9rents outils li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’environnement, \u00e0 la for\u00eat, \u00e0 l’am\u00e9nagement du territoire et \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de la pauvret\u00e9 \u00bb. Les d\u00e9bats ont abouti \u00e0 des appels nocturnes et aux modifcation de derni\u00e8re minute de la strat\u00e9gie camerounaise. Les experts malgaches ont accompagn\u00e9 ces discussions en partageant leur exp\u00e9rience lorsqu\u2019il fallait \u00e9tablir une vision commune et int\u00e9grer la resturation dans les budgets de chaque minist\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Les experts des deux pays ont convenu que les donn\u00e9es disponibles suffiraient \u00e0 finaliser la strat\u00e9gie nationale du Cameroun, mais que la gouvernance et la gestion du territoire requi\u00e8rent plus d’attention. Le groupe a identifi\u00e9 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re et l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire comme les deux pierres angulaires de la r\u00e9ussite de la mise en oeurve des activit\u00e9s de restauration: des conditions d’occupation et d’am\u00e9nagement du territoire favorables \u00ab acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent les actions RPF \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et devraient \u00eatre promues par des comit\u00e9s nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux de RPF \u00bb, estime Mme. Rajenarison, chef du D\u00e9partement du d\u00e9veloppement au Minist\u00e8re malgache de l’am\u00e9nagement du territoire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Vers un \u00e9change panafricain sur la restauration<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab Je suis satisfait de ce premier \u00e9change, mais je suis s\u00fbr que nous pouvons le rendre encore plus productif \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Julien Noel Rakotoarisoa, point focal national RPF de Madagascar. Les \u00e9quipes camerounaise et malgache recommandent d’identifier les probl\u00e8mes communs aux pays de l’AFR100 en vue d\u2019organiser un prochain \u00e9change pour intensifier les discussions techniques. \u00ab Comment les initiatives de reboisement individuelles peuvent-elles \u00eatre renforc\u00e9es au niveau communautaire, s\u00e9curis\u00e9es sur le long terme et devenir \u00e9conomiquement viables pour interesser les jeunes – toutes ces questions doivent trouver une r\u00e9ponse \u00bb, ajoute Jules Leonel Tadong Saa du Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de la plannification et de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement et du territoire du Cameroun.<\/p>\n

Pour Mikha\u00efl Nelson Mvongo Mkene du Minist\u00e8re camerounais des For\u00eats et de la Faune, cet \u00e9change Sud-Sud entre les pays de l’AFR100 est une r\u00e9elle opportunit\u00e9 pour concevoir des projets commun de restauration. Les similitudes entre les enjeux et les probl\u00e8mes de chaque pays, comme la gestion durable des p\u00e2turages et des feu de brousse, devraient conduire \u00e0 la formulation de projet commun par les promoteurs de la RPF des deux pays.<\/p>\n

Plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, mettre en place une plate-forme d’\u00e9changes Sud-Sud pourra servir d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur d’id\u00e9es techniques et d’engagement politique. Ces \u00e9changes th\u00e9matiques et autres formes d’apprentissage entre pairs devraient \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9s et encourag\u00e9s par le secr\u00e9tariat de la restauration \u00e0 l’AUDA-NEPAD. Cela pourrait inclure la cr\u00e9ation d’un pool d’experts en restauration aux niveaux national, r\u00e9gional et local. \u00ab On pourait associer des sp\u00e9cialistes d’un pays avec des coll\u00e8gues int\u00e9ress\u00e9s d’un autre pays. Ainsi, un sp\u00e9cialiste de la gestion des feux de brousse, par exemple, pourrait partager ses connaissances techniques et sp\u00e9cifiques \u00bb, conclut Malin Elsen de GIZ. Elle et ses coll\u00e8gues pensent que ces experts pourraient \u00e9laborer des solutions pratiques et accompagner les d\u00e9cideurs d’autres pays pour faire avancer le processus.<\/p>\n

Publication originale : AFR100<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Malin Elsen, Sven Schuppener, D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Tchigankong et Joary Niaina Andriamiharimanana L’Agence de D\u00e9veloppement de l’Union Africaine (AUDA-NEPAD) pilote actuellement des \u00e9changes cibl\u00e9s entre les pays membres de l’Initiative pour la Restauration des Paysages Forestiers Africains (AFR100) pour encourager l’apprentissage par les pairs sur la Restauration des Paysages Forestiers (RPF). \u00ab Le Cameroun est en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":62984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8597,3160,3436,8833,2992,9558,9367,5304,7938],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3014],"coauthors":[7459],"class_list":["post-63184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-afr100","tag-francais-afrique","tag-francais-afrique-centrale","tag-francais-basin-du-congo","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-giz","tag-francais-madagascar","tag-francais-restauration","tag-francais-restauration-des-paysages-forestiers","type-francais-blogueur-invite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVers un \u00e9change panafricain sur la restauration des paysages forestiers - 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