{"id":62801,"date":"2019-11-05T23:17:17","date_gmt":"2019-11-05T16:17:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=62801"},"modified":"2019-11-05T23:17:17","modified_gmt":"2019-11-05T16:17:17","slug":"financement-bassin-du-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/62801\/financement-bassin-du-congo","title":{"rendered":"Malgr\u00e9 sa taille, le bassin du Congo attire moins de fonds que les autres grandes r\u00e9gions foresti\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span lang=\"FR\">Le bassin du Congo abrite la seconde plus vaste for\u00eat tropicale du monde. Pourtant, d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/7416\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">analyse des flux financiers<\/a> entre 2008 et 2017, il se situe loin derri\u00e8re l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est et l\u2019Amazonie pour ce qui est de capter les fonds internationaux d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion durable et \u00e0 la protection de la nature.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"FR\">Les for\u00eats tropicales d\u2019Afrique centrale constituent un bien public mondial. Augmenter le soutien international \u00e0 ce thermostat naturel et refuge pour la biodiversit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessite une meilleure gouvernance et des capacit\u00e9s renforc\u00e9es au niveau des pays, une coordination plus efficace des organismes de financement et la mise en place de strat\u00e9gies pour attirer l&rsquo;investissement priv\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"FR\">Point sur les flux financiers<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/7415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">nouvelle analyse<\/a> men\u00e9e par l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.observatoire-comifac.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Observatoire des for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale<\/a> (OFAC), sous l\u2019\u00e9gide de la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.comifac.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Commission des for\u00eats de l\u2019Afrique centrale<\/a> (COMIFAC), r\u00e9v\u00e8le que le bassin du Congo a per\u00e7u 11,5 pour cent des fonds internationaux ces dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, contre 54,5 pour cent pour l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est et 34 pour cent pour l\u2019Amazonie.<\/p>\n<p>Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 maintenant, les donn\u00e9es consolid\u00e9es sur les investissements publics et priv\u00e9s destin\u00e9s aux trois grands bassins forestiers tropicaux de la plan\u00e8te \u00e9taient inexistantes. Cette information sur les flux financiers constitue donc un premier jalon crucial pour \u00e9valuer la situation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale et tracer la voie \u00e0 suivre.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude indique que les for\u00eats d\u2019Afrique centrale ont per\u00e7u 2 milliards USD issus de financements bilat\u00e9raux (52,5 pour cent) et multilat\u00e9raux (47,5 pour cent), parmi lesquels ceux de l\u2019Allemagne pour 25 pour cent des fonds, suivie de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et du Global Environment Fund (GEF). La plupart de ces financements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 octroy\u00e9s \u00e0 la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (40 pour cent), au Tchad (17 pour cent) et au Cameroun (14 pour cent).<\/p>\n<p>Concernant les postes, ils se concentrent sur la politique et la gestion des for\u00eats et de l\u2019environnement (41 pour cent), sur la gestion et la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 (36,9 pour cent), et la recherche et l\u2019\u00e9ducation sur l\u2019environnement (13,8 pour cent).<\/p>\n<p>La demande croissante en produits forestiers, tant nationale qu\u2019internationale, et notamment en bois d&rsquo;\u0153uvre et bois de chauffage, repr\u00e9sente l\u2019un des principaux moteurs de la perte de for\u00eat en Afrique centrale. Pourtant le d\u00e9veloppement forestier durable et l&rsquo;utilisation du bois comme source d\u2019\u00e9nergie ne captent que 8,3 pour cent des fonds<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Une opposition pr\u00eats-subventions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La capacit\u00e9 d\u2019endettement, un profil de risque plus mod\u00e9r\u00e9, de grands cr\u00e9anciers et des relations diplomatiques plus \u00e9troites avec les pays donateurs sont peut-\u00eatre quelques-unes des raisons qui expliquent que l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est et la r\u00e9gion amazonienne attirent plus volontiers les financements internationaux.<\/p>\n<p>La plupart des bailleurs de fonds bilat\u00e9raux et multilat\u00e9raux du secteur for\u00eat-environnement recourent \u00e0 des subventions en Afrique centrale, alors qu\u2019ils accordent parfois des pr\u00eats aux pays des autres bassins tropicaux. L\u2019Asie du Sud-Est par exemple a obtenu 885 millions USD de la Banque mondiale, dont une grande partie sous forme de pr\u00eats.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, aucun projet de foresterie dans le bassin du Congo n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 par le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenclimate.fund\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Fonds vert pour le climat<\/a> (FVC) avant 2017 et la r\u00e9gion n&rsquo;a attir\u00e9 que 7,6 pour cent des fonds bilat\u00e9raux affect\u00e9s au secteur for\u00eat-environnement dans les tropiques.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne fait cependant figure d\u2019exception dans ce tableau puisqu\u2019elle a donn\u00e9 la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique centrale (329 millions USD), devant les bassins de l\u2019Amazonie (122 millions USD) et de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est (86,5 millions USD).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Capter les financements internationaux<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La conservation et la gestion durable du bassin du Congo sont essentielles du point de vue des moyens de subsistance, de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de la r\u00e9gulation des r\u00e9gimes climatiques et pluviom\u00e9triques, aussi bien au niveau local que mondial. Face \u00e0 de tels enjeux, il est de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat commun de pr\u00e9server ces for\u00eats et les services qu\u2019elles procurent.<\/p>\n<p>Les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale pourraient commencer par am\u00e9liorer la gouvernance qui touche \u00e0 la gestion de l\u2019APD et r\u00e9duire la perception du risque vis-\u00e0-vis des investisseurs et donateurs priv\u00e9s. Les contributions du secteur priv\u00e9 sont demeur\u00e9es tr\u00e8s modestes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui, et s\u2019attaquer aux questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du r\u00e9gime foncier et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique permettrait d\u2019attirer plus d\u2019investissements.<\/p>\n<p>Une piste possible serait par exemple par le biais de la certification du bois d&rsquo;\u0153uvre, la restauration des paysages forestiers, et de plans de gestion environnementale et sociale en tant que moyen de compensation des \u00e9missions de carbone pour les entreprises.<\/p>\n<p>Autre \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9cisif : le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des professionnels d\u2019Afrique centrale \u00e0 formuler des propositions de projet de grande qualit\u00e9 et \u00e0 g\u00e9rer les initiatives du secteur for\u00eat-environnement de mani\u00e8re ad\u00e9quate. Ces capacit\u00e9s sont indispensables pour s&rsquo;imposer dans les m\u00e9canismes comp\u00e9titifs, comme le Fonds vert pour le climat.<\/p>\n<p>Les organismes internationaux de financement pourraient aussi contribuer au renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et travailler plus \u00e9troitement ensemble pour couvrir de fa\u00e7on appropri\u00e9e les projets r\u00e9partis dans les tropiques.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse publi\u00e9e par l\u2019OFAC livre un \u00e9clairage in\u00e9dit du panorama des financements destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation et \u00e0 la gestion des for\u00eats tropicales. Avec cette toute nouvelle perspective, les pays donateurs et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires peuvent s\u2019engager ensemble sur la voie de la pr\u00e9servation du bassin du Congo, pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations actuelles et futures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le bassin du Congo abrite la seconde plus vaste for\u00eat tropicale du monde. Pourtant, d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s une analyse des flux financiers entre 2008 et 2017, il se situe loin derri\u00e8re l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est et l\u2019Amazonie pour ce qui est de capter les fonds internationaux d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion durable et \u00e0 la protection de la nature. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99,"featured_media":62804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3436,2998,2992,5882,9528,9529,7892,9527,5654,8696,5897],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[1055],"class_list":["post-62801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-afrique-centrale","tag-francais-bassin-du-congo","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-comifac","tag-francais-flux-financiers","tag-francais-gouve","tag-francais-ofac","tag-francais-republique-democra","tag-francais-republique-democratique-du-congo","tag-francais-riofac","tag-francais-union-europeenne","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Malgr\u00e9 sa taille, le bassin du Congo attire moins de fonds que les autres grandes r\u00e9gions foresti\u00e8res - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/62801\/financement-bassin-du-congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Malgr\u00e9 sa taille, le bassin du Congo attire moins de fonds que les autres grandes r\u00e9gions foresti\u00e8res\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le bassin du Congo abrite la seconde plus vaste for\u00eat tropicale du monde. Pourtant, d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s une analyse des flux financiers entre 2008 et 2017, il se situe loin derri\u00e8re l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est et l\u2019Amazonie pour ce qui est de capter les fonds internationaux d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion durable et \u00e0 la protection de la nature. 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