{"id":61875,"date":"2019-08-28T02:29:49","date_gmt":"2019-08-27T19:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=61875"},"modified":"2019-08-28T02:37:28","modified_gmt":"2019-08-27T19:37:28","slug":"leaders-davenir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/61875\/leaders-davenir","title":{"rendered":"Leaders d\u2019avenir : l\u2019enseignement de la foresterie tropicale se r\u00e9invente"},"content":{"rendered":"

Parmi la plupart des jeunes qui vivent en Afrique subsaharienne, seuls quelques privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s peuvent aspirer \u00e0 \u00e9tudier en Europe ou aux \u00c9tats-Unis, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire ceux dot\u00e9s de certains moyens financiers ou suffisamment tenaces pour faire face aux diverses \u00e9preuves des strictes conditions \u00e0 remplir pour \u00eatre admis dans un \u00e9tablissement d\u2019enseignement et pour obtenir une bourse, comme des interminables m\u00e9andres administratifs des demandes de visa.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les obstacles, faire des \u00e9tudes dans les pays du Nord global est un investissement qui en attire plus d\u2019un. Enseignement de meilleure qualit\u00e9, r\u00e9putation de l\u2019\u00e9cole, restes de l\u2019\u00e9poque coloniale ou pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s sociaux \u2013 quelle qu\u2019en soit la raison, pour certains \u00e9tudiants, cela vaut bien plus qu\u2019un dipl\u00f4me de leur pays.<\/p>\n

Et pour les \u00e9tudiants qui se destinent \u00e0 une carri\u00e8re d\u2019enseignant en universit\u00e9, le seul moyen d\u2019y parvenir est parfois le fait d\u2019avoir \u00e9tudi\u00e9 dans une \u00e9cole du Nord. Selon la Banque mondiale<\/a>, les universit\u00e9s en Afrique subsaharienne produisent actuellement moins de 1 % des r\u00e9sultats de la recherche internationale<\/a>, et leur budget recherche et d\u00e9veloppement repr\u00e9sente moins de 1 % du budget R&D de la plan\u00e8te. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 les possibilit\u00e9s de bourses de recherche, la facilit\u00e9 pour publier dans des revues scientifiques internationales et la diversit\u00e9 des accords de collaboration, il n\u2019est donc pas surprenant que de brillants \u00e9tudiants africains cherchent \u00e0 s\u2019inscrire dans une universit\u00e9 d\u2019un pays du Nord.<\/p>\n

Cependant, la situation \u00e9volue, et comme certaines universit\u00e9s<\/a> du continent commencent \u00e0 obtenir de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats et gagnent en r\u00e9putation, les jeunes africains se tournent maintenant vers des alternatives r\u00e9gionales. Par exemple, un rapport publi\u00e9 en 2018 par Campus France<\/a> montre que si l\u2019Europe reste la premi\u00e8re destination choisie par les \u00e9tudiants africains (49 %), elle a perdu un peu de terrain, car 20 % de ceux-ci choisissent maintenant d\u2019\u00e9tudier en Afrique \u2013 principalement en Afrique du Sud, au Ghana, en Tunisie et au Maroc.<\/p>\n

Et m\u00eame si les chiffres restent modestes, c\u2019est en Afrique que le nombre des publications scientifiques augmente le plus vite dans le monde : 38,6 % sur 5 ans<\/a> de 2012 \u00e0 2016. Le nombre d\u2019auteurs africains est aussi en forte hausse : 43 % sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, d\u2019apr\u00e8s Elsevier<\/a>.<\/p>\n

ET DANS LE SECTEUR DES FOR\u00caTS, QU\u2019EN EST-IL ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le secteur forestier ne fait pas exception. Depuis longtemps, les sommit\u00e9s mondiales dans le domaine des for\u00eats tropicales sont originaires des pays du Nord, mais on note maintenant un int\u00e9r\u00eat de plus en plus net pour la mise en place d\u2019expertise au niveau local et l\u2019apport d\u2019un point de vue nouveau \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 universitaire internationale.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les experts nationaux ont une pr\u00e9cieuse connaissance du milieu local, des contraintes et de l\u2019\u00e9conomie politique des ressources foresti\u00e8res dans leur pays \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Robert Nasi, Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR). \u00ab Et une meilleure utilisation de ces ressources en faveur du d\u00e9veloppement local peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer une motivation essentielle ; tout ce dont ils ont besoin est d\u2019une aide pour d\u00e9velopper cette expertise \u00bb.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est dans cet esprit que le projet du CIFOR intitul\u00e9 FORETS<\/a> (Formation, Recherche et Environnement dans la Tshopo) encadre un programme de master innovant en gestion durable des for\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Kisangani (UNIKIS) en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, ce programme attire du monde entier d\u2019excellents professeurs qui viennent \u00e0 Kisangani une fois par an pour co-animer un cours intensif avec un enseignant congolais. Les \u00e9tudiants profitent de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des professeurs invit\u00e9s, \u00e9tudient sur deux semaines une seule mati\u00e8re et passent l\u2019examen correspondant.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Dans notre mode de fonctionnement, un bin\u00f4me est form\u00e9 avec un professeur congolais et un autre venant de l\u2019\u00e9tranger, tous deux sp\u00e9cialistes d\u2019une mati\u00e8re bien pr\u00e9cise, et ils con\u00e7oivent et organisent un module, assurent les cours et proc\u00e8dent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation des \u00e9tudiants \u00bb, explique Paolo Cerutti, scientifique senior au CIFOR. \u00ab Cela permet aux \u00e9tudiants de se confronter \u00e0 d\u2019autres points de vue internationaux et de c\u00f4toyer des \u00e9rudits bien connus, tout en renfor\u00e7ant les comp\u00e9tences du corps enseignant de l\u2019UNIKIS. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Ce mod\u00e8le \u00e9ducatif innovant se prolonge aussi par des actions de coop\u00e9ration hors des murs de l\u2019universit\u00e9. Le CIFOR et l\u2019UNIKIS travaillent ensemble depuis plus de dix ans, et les scientifiques de ces deux institutions sont co-auteurs de dizaines d\u2019articles.<\/p>\n

LE SUD SE TOURNE VERS LE SUD<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le projet FORETS facilite aussi de plus en plus la collaboration entre les universit\u00e9s africaines. Le paysage universitaire africain devenant plus dynamique, des opportunit\u00e9s s\u2019ouvrent pour de nouveaux paradigmes de collaboration, comme la coop\u00e9ration Sud-Sud.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
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Benoi\u0302t Dhed\u2019a Djailo, Recteur de l\u2019UNIKIS, avec Carlos de Wasseige de NUST. Axel Fassio\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(2)\tManitra Razafintsalama de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Antananarivo lors d\u2019un cours \u00e0 l\u2019UNIKIS. Axel Fassio\/CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

\u00ab Nous allons parfois chercher des experts dans les institutions scientifiques des pays du Nord, alors qu\u2019on peut les trouver ici en Afrique, affirme Pionus Katuala, doyen de la Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l\u2019UNIKIS. \u00ab C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle nous sommes en train de d\u00e9velopper des partenariats intercontinentaux pour encourager davantage les \u00e9changes et la mobilit\u00e9 des \u00e9tudiants et des enseignants, comme la mise en place de projets de recherche conjoints susceptibles de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des enjeux communs. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab Madagascar et la RDC, par exemple, ont beaucoup \u00e0 apprendre l\u2019une de l\u2019autre sur la gestion durable des for\u00eats \u00bb, poursuit Manitra Razafintsalama, professeur et chercheur en environnement et foresterie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure des Sciences Agronomiques<\/a> de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Antananarivo, qui participe \u00e0 un projet de coop\u00e9ration universitaire avec l\u2019UNIKIS. \u00c0 son avis, les \u00e9tudiants et chercheurs malgaches ont beaucoup \u00e0 apprendre de la situation du bassin du Congo. \u00ab Ils ont des mod\u00e8les diff\u00e9rents des n\u00f4tres ; par exemple, nous n\u2019avons pas de concessions foresti\u00e8res \u00e0 Madagascar. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous n\u2019avons pas de for\u00eat tropicale en Namibie \u00bb, indique Carlos de Wasseige, professeur \u00e0 la Namibia University of Science and Technology<\/em><\/a> (NUST), \u00ab cependant, notre universit\u00e9 travaille sur la t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection et les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information, ce qui pourrait \u00eatre utile pour surveiller les changements d\u2019utilisation des sols et la d\u00e9forestation en Afrique centrale. C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle nous souhaitons renforcer notre collaboration avec l\u2019UNIKIS. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Mais le programme FORETS et l\u2019UNIKIS ne sont pas des cas isol\u00e9s. L\u2019African Research Universities Alliance<\/a><\/em>, par exemple, favorise les collaborations de recherche dans des domaines cruciaux pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable de l\u2019Afrique. Soutenu par l\u2019Union africaine et l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, le Programme de mobilit\u00e9 universitaire Intra-Afrique<\/a> vise aussi \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur en Afrique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9change de pratiques, notamment dans le secteur bois-for\u00eat.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019avenir de la foresterie tropicale repose sur les connaissances et l\u2019expertise locales. Et la seule fa\u00e7on d\u2019y parvenir est d\u2019investir dans le d\u00e9veloppement du capital humain de l\u2019Afrique \u00bb, conclut P. Cerutti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Parmi la plupart des jeunes qui vivent en Afrique subsaharienne, seuls quelques privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s peuvent aspirer \u00e0 \u00e9tudier en Europe ou aux \u00c9tats-Unis, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire ceux dot\u00e9s de certains moyens financiers ou suffisamment tenaces pour faire face aux diverses \u00e9preuves des strictes conditions \u00e0 remplir pour \u00eatre admis dans un \u00e9tablissement d\u2019enseignement et pour obtenir une bourse, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":61871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3160,3436,2998,7614,5605,9371,9370,5866,2353,2335,9369,8810,9367,6338,9368,7765,9165,7785,7787,5879,5897],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3001],"coauthors":[7884],"class_list":["post-61875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-afrique","tag-francais-afrique-centrale","tag-francais-bassin-du-congo","tag-francais-cifor","tag-francais-congo","tag-francais-cooperation-academique","tag-francais-cooperation-sud-sud","tag-francais-education","tag-francais-foresterie","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-innovation-academique","tag-francais-kisangani","tag-francais-madagascar","tag-francais-namibie","tag-francais-nust","tag-francais-rdc","tag-francais-recherche","tag-francais-tshopo","tag-francais-unikis","tag-francais-union-africaine","tag-francais-union-europeenne","type-francais-a-la-une"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLeaders d\u2019avenir : l\u2019enseignement de la foresterie tropicale se r\u00e9invente - 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