{"id":60196,"date":"2019-03-21T17:11:49","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T10:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=60196"},"modified":"2019-03-21T17:11:49","modified_gmt":"2019-03-21T10:11:49","slug":"journee-internationale-des-forets-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/60196\/journee-internationale-des-forets-2019","title":{"rendered":"Journ\u00e9e internationale des for\u00eats : Deux directeurs s\u2019expriment sur l\u2019avenir de la restauration"},"content":{"rendered":"

Robert Nasi est le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), Tony Simons est le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre mondial de l\u2019agroforesterie (ICRAF).<\/em><\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but de ce mois, les Nations Unies annon\u00e7aient qu\u2019elles allaient rechercher des soutiens politiques et des moyens financiers pour animer un programme d\u00e9cennal de restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n

Cette annonce vient enfoncer le clou \u00e0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 l\u2019on commence \u00e0 se rendre compte que la d\u00e9gradation est pr\u00e9judiciable \u00e0 tous les \u00eatres vivants, et notamment \u00e0 un \u00ab patient d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 la Terre \u00bb \u2013 pour reprendre les paroles de Tim Christophersen<\/a>, de l\u2019ONU Environnement.<\/p>\n

Rien que depuis le d\u00e9but de cette ann\u00e9e, des articles r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par des chercheurs de diverses disciplines ont fait l\u2019objet de diverses publications allant des revues scientifiques aux m\u00e9dias grand public et cela ne pouvait arriver plus \u00e0 point nomm\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tout d\u2019abord est paru le rapport EAT-Lancet. Dans celui-ci, l\u2019industrie alimentaire d\u00e9croche la palme du secteur qui \u00e9met le plus de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, et est aussi \u00e0 l\u2019origine de nombreuses maladies mortelles, alors que le nombre de personnes souffrant d\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 a plus que doubl\u00e9 par rapport au nombre de celles qui subissent la famine.<\/p>\n

Dans son sillage a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude mondiale sur les insectes, qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le une sombre estimation : les insectes pourraient dispara\u00eetre d\u2019ici un si\u00e8cle. C\u2019est la nature qui menace de se d\u00e9sint\u00e9grer dans le pire sc\u00e9nario qui soit. Sans pollinisateurs, il n\u2019y a plus de nourriture.<\/p>\n

Puis a suivi le mois dernier le rapport de l\u2019Organisation des Nations Unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture qui lance un avertissement : l\u2019appauvrissement de la biodiversit\u00e9 menace les ressources alimentaires de la plan\u00e8te. La surexploitation des sols et des oc\u00e9ans, l\u2019utilisation \u00e0 tout-va de dangereux pesticides, les changements d\u2019utilisation des terres o\u00f9 la for\u00eat c\u00e8de la place \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture et les pr\u00e9s sont remplac\u00e9s par des villes, voil\u00e0 quelques-unes des raisons de la chute de la biodiversit\u00e9 mondiale.<\/p>\n

Au cours des 20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, 20 % de la surface v\u00e9g\u00e9talis\u00e9e de la Terre a perdu en productivit\u00e9. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des techniques en monoculture, deux tiers de la production agricole mondiale ne proviennent plus que de neuf esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales : canne \u00e0 sucre, ma\u00efs, riz, bl\u00e9, pommes de terre, soja, fruit du palmier \u00e0 huile, betterave \u00e0 sucre et manioc.<\/p>\n

Plus de 7 millions d\u2019hectares de for\u00eats tropicales sont ras\u00e9s ou d\u00e9grad\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e, et 2 milliards d\u2019hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es dans le monde contribuent au changement climatique et \u00e0 l\u2019extinction de certaines esp\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n

D\u2019ici 2050, la d\u00e9gradation et le changement climatique pourraient faire baisser les rendements agricoles de 10 % dans le monde entier et de 50 % dans certaines r\u00e9gions. Au Sahel, d\u00e9j\u00e0 confront\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreuses crises, les temp\u00e9ratures devraient augmenter une fois et demie plus que la moyenne mondiale. 80 % de son territoire est d\u00e9j\u00e0 affect\u00e9 par la d\u00e9gradation, avec des for\u00eats pill\u00e9es et des sols attaqu\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9rosion. Ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, les s\u00e9cheresses se sont intensifi\u00e9es, les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u2019inondation se sont amplifi\u00e9s et la chaleur est toujours plus \u00e9touffante. Les tensions dans la r\u00e9gion sont exacerb\u00e9es par ces fl\u00e9aux. Les conflits s\u2019accentuent et, pour certains, \u00e9migrer est la seule solution. On a rapport\u00e9 que de jeunes bergers rejoignent des \u00ab groupes arm\u00e9s \u00bb, mais quand votre troupeau est en train de mourir, vers quoi peut-on se tourner ?<\/p>\n

Une chose est claire : Le \u00ab patient \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la Terre, ne peut pas faire face \u00e0 ce rythme de destruction.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est un signal d\u2019alarme qui appelle la communaut\u00e9 scientifique de toutes les disciplines \u00e0 travailler ensemble. Le changement climatique, la disparition de la biodiversit\u00e9 et la d\u00e9gradation des terres font partie de la m\u00eame probl\u00e9matique, chaque facteur en s\u2019amplifiant provoquant l\u2019aggravation des autres. Et bien s\u00fbr, toutes les disciplines se compl\u00e8tent quand nous nous employons \u00e0 r\u00e9parer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cennie pour la restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ouvre la voie \u00e0 cette collaboration plus \u00e9troite. C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle la fusion entre le CIFOR et l\u2019ICRAF est opportune et justifi\u00e9e. L\u2019alimentation et les for\u00eats sont inextricablement li\u00e9es, puisque l\u2019agroforesterie, la protection des for\u00eats et la restauration constituent une partie de la r\u00e9ponse aux probl\u00e8mes qui se posent \u00e0 nous et \u00e0 notre vivante plan\u00e8te. Le regroupement de deux organismes scientifiques de haut niveau en vue de r\u00e9pondre aux exigences du changement climatique, de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et de la d\u00e9gradation des terres suscitera une synergie extr\u00eamement utile dans l\u2019action internationale bas\u00e9e sur les connaissances.<\/p>\n

Cette D\u00e9cennie peut permettre de r\u00e9aliser les objectifs d\u2019autres engagements internationaux, faire le lien entre ceux-ci et s\u2019appuyer sur leurs r\u00e9ussites existantes. Avec ce coup de pouce, le D\u00e9fi de Bonn,<\/a> qui vise \u00e0 restaurer 350 millions d\u2019hectares d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes d\u00e9grad\u00e9s d\u2019ici 2030, va avoir encore plus de poids. \u00c0 ce jour, quelque 57 pays, gouvernements infranationaux et organisations priv\u00e9es se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 restaurer 170 millions d\u2019hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es. Il s\u2019appuie sur des efforts r\u00e9gionaux tels que l\u2019Initiative 20\u00d720 <\/a>en Am\u00e9rique latine et l\u2019AFR100<\/a> en Afrique, une initiative pour restaurer 100 millions d\u2019hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2030.<\/p>\n\n

Constituant un ensemble d\u2019objectifs ambitieux dans l\u2019optique d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie de tous les humains, sans laisser qui que ce soit derri\u00e8re, les objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable reposent sur la restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Et les avanc\u00e9es en la mati\u00e8re permettront de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 de nombreux enjeux plan\u00e9taires : changement climatique, \u00e9radication de la pauvret\u00e9, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, eau et conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Maintenant, la question des 300 milliards USD.<\/p>\n

Le World Resources Institute<\/em><\/a> a estim\u00e9 qu\u2019il en co\u00fbterait 350 milliards par an pour restaurer les terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es du globe. Cinquante millions ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s en grande partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des fonds publics, mais aussi \u00e0 des financements priv\u00e9s. Mais alors, et les 300 milliards USD qui restent ?<\/p>\n

Il peut sembler impossible de r\u00e9unir une telle somme. Cependant, nous sommes bien loin du montant colossal des pertes annuelles dues \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des terres qui s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 6 300 milliards USD. 6 300 milliards USD, ce chiffre donne le tournis !<\/p>\n

Il est \u00e9vident que la r\u00e9alisation de la restauration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle n\u2019est pas si compliqu\u00e9e et qu\u2019elle pourrait apporter des milliards et des milliards de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices nets et un retour sur investissement substantiel. On estime que la restauration des for\u00eats d\u00e9grad\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e8re 7 \u00e0 30 USD de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9conomiques pour chaque dollar investi. Imaginez les stocks qui s\u2019arracheraient des rayons si l\u2019on transposait la situation dans un supermarch\u00e9 ! Nous avons donc, d\u2019une part, un co\u00fbt \u00e9norme pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et, d\u2019autre part, la perspective de retours sur investissement consid\u00e9rables… mais nous restons bras crois\u00e9s. Pourquoi ?<\/p>\n

Parce qu\u2019actuellement notre \u00e9chelle de valeurs est fauss\u00e9e. Nous sous-estimons la valeur de notre environnement naturel et c\u2019est vraiment plus que consternant. Par exemple, les abeilles sont indispensables \u00e0 notre syst\u00e8me de production alimentaire et pourtant, nous ne les comptons pas en termes mon\u00e9taires, en ne voulant pas savoir ce qui se passerait si ces inlassables pollinisatrices disparaissaient.<\/p>\n

Avec des \u00e9tudes scientifiques de qualit\u00e9 et des financements pour le d\u00e9veloppement, nous pouvons innover et faire baisser le co\u00fbt de la restauration \u00e0 l\u2019hectare. L\u2019avenir de la restauration cr\u00e9era des emplois et servira la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, gr\u00e2ce au financement mixte et \u00e0 la participation active du secteur priv\u00e9. Et il est tout aussi crucial de mettre en place une approche ascendante en mobilisant les populations qu\u2019elle va aider.<\/p>\n

Jamais aucune annonce des Nations Unies n\u2019aura \u00e9t\u00e9 autant \u00e0 propos. Alors de la part de deux p\u00f4les scientifiques qui vont bient\u00f4t devenir un seul, nous vous souhaitons une belle Journ\u00e9e internationale des for\u00eats ! La D\u00e9cennie qui s\u2019amorce va nous tenir en haleine.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Robert Nasi est le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), Tony Simons est le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre mondial de l\u2019agroforesterie (ICRAF). Au d\u00e9but de ce mois, les Nations Unies annon\u00e7aient qu\u2019elles allaient rechercher des soutiens politiques et des moyens financiers pour animer un programme d\u00e9cennal de restauration des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Cette annonce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":60208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8597,3171,7614,3080,3203,5877,3206,5644,6268,5304,7938,3434,8596,3221],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2965],"coauthors":[851,8585],"class_list":["post-60196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","tag-francais-afr100","tag-francais-agroforesterie","tag-francais-cifor","tag-francais-deforestation","tag-francais-degradation","tag-francais-journee-internationale-des-forets","tag-francais-objectifs-de-developpement-durable","tag-francais-objectifs-du-developpement-durable","tag-francais-odd","tag-francais-restauration","tag-francais-restauration-des-paysages-forestiers","tag-francais-robert-nasi","tag-francais-tony-simons","tag-francais-world-agroforestry-centre","type-francais-chronique-du-dg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJourn\u00e9e internationale des for\u00eats : Deux directeurs s\u2019expriment sur l\u2019avenir de la restauration - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/60196\/journee-internationale-des-forets-2019\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Journ\u00e9e internationale des for\u00eats : Deux directeurs s\u2019expriment sur l\u2019avenir de la restauration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Robert Nasi est le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), Tony Simons est le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre mondial de l\u2019agroforesterie (ICRAF). 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He graduated as a forest engineer from the French National Forestry School and achieved a PhD in the field of ecology from the University of Paris Sud \u2013 Orsay. Since 1982, he has been living and travelling extensively in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, undertaking research activities in the fields of ecology and management of tropical forests. He joined CIFOR in August 1999 and held several research and management positions in the organization (principal scientist, biodiversity program leader, program director). 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