{"id":60119,"date":"2019-03-14T20:47:47","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T13:47:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=60119"},"modified":"2019-03-14T22:12:57","modified_gmt":"2019-03-14T15:12:57","slug":"a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/60119\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte des secrets des arbres tropicaux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les for\u00eats tropicales sont des lieux magiques. \u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la canop\u00e9e, des arbres gigantesques et des plantes vertes abritent des milliers d\u2019oiseaux, d\u2019animaux et d\u2019insectes, formant ainsi l\u2019un des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes les plus riches et les plus diversifi\u00e9s de la Terre. Mais elles font actuellement face \u00e0 des menaces sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9gradation des sols et la d\u00e9forestation, ainsi que la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures, les pluies de plus en plus abondantes et les s\u00e9cheresses prolong\u00e9es caus\u00e9es par le changement climatique modifient d\u00e9j\u00e0 le comportement des arbres. Alors que certaines esp\u00e8ces ont montr\u00e9 leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s&rsquo;adapter aux conditions changeantes en dispersant leurs graines plus rapidement, par exemple, d&rsquo;autres ne semblent apparemment pas disposer des m\u00e9canismes n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur survie.<\/p>\n<p>Pour Chadrack Kafuti, un ing\u00e9nieur forestier de 26 ans originaire de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), ce sombre sc\u00e9nario n\u00e9cessite davantage de recherches sur ce qui se cache derri\u00e8re la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;adaptation des arbres au changement climatique. C&rsquo;est pourquoi il a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de devenir un sp\u00e9cialiste de la biologie du bois, d\u00e9termin\u00e9 \u00e0 aider les arbres tropicaux \u00e0 survivre au r\u00e9chauffement climatique et \u00e0 la surexploitation. \u00ab Pour que nos for\u00eats continuent de prosp\u00e9rer pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 venir, nous devons d&rsquo;abord comprendre le fonctionnement des arbres, \u00bb explique-t-il.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<h4><strong>LES ARBRES PEUVENT-ILS S&rsquo;ADAPTER AU CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ? <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Pour comprendre les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019adaptation des arbres tropicaux, il est essentiel d\u2019examiner de pr\u00e8s leurs feuilles et leur bois, explique C. Kafuti. La relation entre leurs caract\u00e9ristiques, telles que la forme, la structure, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques et le fonctionnement, rend les esp\u00e8ces plus ou moins vuln\u00e9rables au stress hydrique et aux conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques instables.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre d\u2019un projet visant \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la capacit\u00e9 des arbres tropicaux \u00e0 r\u00e9agir aux changements environnementaux, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de C. Kafuti a observ\u00e9 les compromis fonctionnels entre le bois et les feuilles. \u00ab Nous avons constat\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il y avait une coordination entre le bois, responsable de l&rsquo;approvisionnement en eau, et les feuilles, responsables de l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;eau, pour lutter pour la survie. Certains arbres peuvent ajuster leur consommation en fonction de la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>C. Kafuti et ses coll\u00e8gues ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les caract\u00e9ristiques des branches et du tronc des diff\u00e9rentes hauteurs de la couronne des arbres. Ils ont constat\u00e9 que ceux au sommet avaient mieux d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 ce m\u00e9canisme de coordination. \u00ab Dans la partie haute du houppier, l&rsquo;environnement est plus extr\u00eame et variable. Ces branches sont donc devenues plus efficaces dans l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;eau \u00bb, d\u00e9clare-t-il, concluant que m\u00eame si une seule esp\u00e8ce pouvait \u00eatre en mesure de faire face au changement climatique, ses arbres \u00ab ne seront pas tous capables de s&rsquo;adapter de mani\u00e8re efficace \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<h4>SAUVER UNE ESP\u00c8CE D&rsquo;ARBRE MENAC\u00c9E<\/h4>\n<p>C. Kafuti se consacre \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/cites.org\/eng\/node\/17382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Afrormosia<\/a> (<em>Pericopsis elata<\/em>), une essence de bois tropical pr\u00e9sente en Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest et centrale, pouvant atteindre une hauteur totale de plus de 50 m\u00e8tres. Elle est tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e des fabricants de meubles et des architectes d&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du monde entier pour sa haute r\u00e9sistance, ses belles couleurs et sa finition \u00e9l\u00e9gante. Cependant, les experts craignent son extinction sauf si son exploitation est r\u00e9glement\u00e9e et si sa r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est assist\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Son int\u00e9r\u00eat pour cette esp\u00e8ce a commenc\u00e9 lors de ses \u00e9tudes de master en gestion durable des for\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Kisangani, soutenues par le projet FORETS, coordonn\u00e9 par le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cifor.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR) et financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. \u00ab Pour ma th\u00e8se, j\u2019ai eu l\u2019occasion d\u2019effectuer des travaux sur le terrain dans la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/forets\/maps\/yangambi-biosphere-reserve\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">r\u00e9serve de la biosph\u00e8re de Yangambi<\/a>, une zone prot\u00e9g\u00e9e au nord de la RDC o\u00f9 existe encore une importante population d\u2019Afrormosia\u00bb, explique-t-il.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Je voulais \u00e9tudier cette esp\u00e8ce car il y avait une demande \u00e9norme pour son bois mais nous manquons de connaissances sur la mani\u00e8re de soutenir sa survie \u00e0 long terme dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>De plus, l&rsquo;Afrormosia figure \u00e0 l&rsquo;Annexe II de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cites.org\/fra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Convention sur le commerce international des esp\u00e8ces de faune et de flore sauvages menac\u00e9es d&rsquo;extinction<\/a> (CITES), ce qui signifie que son commerce international fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une surveillance \u00e9troite.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin de ses \u00e9tudes en 2018, C. Kafuti a \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9 par le d\u00e9partement de biologie du bois du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africamuseum.be\/fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Mus\u00e9e royal de l&rsquo;Afrique centrale<\/a> en Belgique, o\u00f9 il poursuit ses recherches et soutient l&rsquo;application de la r\u00e9glementation sur le commerce du bois de la CITES. Ses recherches portent en particulier sur les attributs biologiques de l\u2019Afrormosia, tels que la croissance et le fonctionnement, afin que l\u2019exploitation et le commerce ne compromettent pas sa survie dans l\u2019ensemble de son aire de r\u00e9partition naturelle.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"623\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-623x415.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-60120\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-623x415.jpg 623w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-566x377.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-610x407.jpg 610w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-152x102.jpg 152w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-669x446.jpg 669w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1-75x49.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/43394969032_7b67ebdfe6_k-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chadrack Kafuti analyse un \u00e9chantillon dans le premier laboratoire de biologie du bois de la RDC.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<h4>UN BRILLANT AVENIR<\/h4>\n<p>Des ann\u00e9es d\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique ont affect\u00e9 le capital humain de la RDC. Bien que le pays abrite la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande for\u00eat tropicale du monde, en 2005 seulement six personnes d\u00e9tenaient un dipl\u00f4me de troisi\u00e8me cycle en foresterie et dans des disciplines similaires. Mais avec l\u2019\u00e9mergence de jeunes scientifiques brillants comme C. Kafuti, l\u2019avenir de la recherche foresti\u00e8re en RDC est prometteur.<\/p>\n<p>C. Kafuti va prochainement commencer un programme de doctorat enti\u00e8rement financ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Gand en Belgique, en collaboration avec CIFOR et le Mus\u00e9e royal de l&rsquo;Afrique centrale. \u00ab Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, je n&rsquo;aurais pas pu imaginer cela \u00bb, dit-il. \u00ab Je suis le premier membre de ma famille \u00e0 avoir fait des \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures et je vais maintenant faire un doctorat. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>De plus, en tant qu&rsquo;enseignant \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa, C. Kafuti est officiellement son plus jeune membre du corps professoral. Interrog\u00e9 sur ses premiers r\u00e9sultats scolaires, il r\u00e9pond timidement  : \u00ab J&rsquo;ai toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus jeune de tout, je suppose que je suis maintenant habitu\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les for\u00eats tropicales sont des lieux magiques. \u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la canop\u00e9e, des arbres gigantesques et des plantes vertes abritent des milliers d\u2019oiseaux, d\u2019animaux et d\u2019insectes, formant ainsi l\u2019un des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes les plus riches et les plus diversifi\u00e9s de la Terre. Mais elles font actuellement face \u00e0 des menaces sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. La d\u00e9gradation des sols [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":60121,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12258],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8541,8546,8544,7528,5579,5580,7669,2335,12367,7765,5654,7787,5897,8542,8543,8011],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3001],"coauthors":[7884],"class_list":["post-60119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","location-democratic-republic-of-congo","tag-francais-afrormosia","tag-francais-belgique","tag-francais-biologie-du-bois","tag-francais-changement-climatique","tag-francais-cites","tag-francais-especes-menacees","tag-francais-exploitation-du-bois","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-musee-royal-de-lafrique-centrale","tag-francais-rdc","tag-francais-republique-democratique-du-congo","tag-francais-unikis","tag-francais-union-europeenne","tag-francais-universite-de-gand","tag-francais-universite-de-kinshasa","tag-francais-universite-de-kisangani","type-francais-a-la-une"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte des secrets des arbres tropicaux - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/60119\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte des secrets des arbres tropicaux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les for\u00eats tropicales sont des lieux magiques. \u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la canop\u00e9e, des arbres gigantesques et des plantes vertes abritent des milliers d\u2019oiseaux, d\u2019animaux et d\u2019insectes, formant ainsi l\u2019un des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes les plus riches et les plus diversifi\u00e9s de la Terre. Mais elles font actuellement face \u00e0 des menaces sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. La d\u00e9gradation des sols [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/60119\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-03-14T13:47:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-03-14T15:12:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/41635483520_9ca9da052e_k-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ahtziri Gonzalez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/60119\\\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/60119\\\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ahtziri Gonzalez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8bab71964f82d36c785a9545ec799ded\"},\"headline\":\"\u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte des secrets des arbres tropicaux\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-03-14T13:47:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-03-14T15:12:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/60119\\\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux\"},\"wordCount\":1076,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/60119\\\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/03\\\/41635483520_9ca9da052e_k-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/60119\\\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2019\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/60119\\\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/60119\\\/a-la-decouverte-des-secrets-des-arbres-tropicaux\",\"name\":\"\u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte des secrets des arbres tropicaux - 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