{"id":59553,"date":"2019-01-22T15:47:09","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T08:47:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=59553"},"modified":"2019-01-22T16:09:04","modified_gmt":"2019-01-22T09:09:04","slug":"un-nouveau-financement-entame-le-dialogue-sur-des-initiatives-dapproche-paysagere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/59553\/un-nouveau-financement-entame-le-dialogue-sur-des-initiatives-dapproche-paysagere","title":{"rendered":"Un nouveau financement entame le dialogue sur des initiatives d\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

Au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les d\u00e9bats sur la gestion durable des for\u00eats visant \u00e0 transformer la fa\u00e7on dont la communaut\u00e9 internationale lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, le changement climatique et la destruction de la biodiversit\u00e9 ont donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 un grand mouvement : le Forum mondial sur les paysages (GLF).<\/p>\n

Fond\u00e9 sur l\u2019\u00ab approche paysag\u00e8re<\/a> \u00bb, le GLF vise \u00e0 concilier des objectifs, apparemment concurrents, d\u2019utilisation des terres pour assurer un \u00e9quilibre social, environnemental et \u00e9conomique. En deux mots, le GLF comme cette approche tentent de parer aux pressions de la croissance d\u00e9mographique et des besoins des populations qui exacerbent l\u2019expansion et l\u2019intensification agricole, l\u2019exploitation des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, notamment le bois, les huiles v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et les agrocarburants.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence du GLF \u00e0 Bonn en Allemagne, les scientifiques ont d\u00e9battu de la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019\u00ab approche paysag\u00e8re \u00bb lors d\u2019un panel intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Regarder le pass\u00e9 pour cr\u00e9er l’approche du paysage du futur<\/a> \u00bb, qui \u00e9tait anim\u00e9 par Terry Sunderland, associ\u00e9 senior au Centre de recherche internationale foresti\u00e8re<\/a> (CIFOR) et professeur \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de British Columbia<\/a> au Canada.<\/p>\n

Cette session \u00e9tait en partie inspir\u00e9e par les conclusions d\u2019un article scientifique intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics: Learning from the past to guide the future<\/em><\/a> \u00bb, dont le principal auteur est l\u2019un des scientifiques du CIFOR, James Reed.<\/p>\n

Au programme des d\u00e9bats, il y avait aussi le nouveau financement<\/a> que le minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral allemand de l\u2019Environnement, de la Conservation de la Nature et de la S\u00fbret\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire (BMU) a accord\u00e9 au CIFOR et \u00e0 ses partenaires pour passer de la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de diverses initiatives paysag\u00e8res au Burkina Faso, en Indon\u00e9sie et en Zambie.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab Il est indispensable de passer de l\u2019engagement \u00e0 l\u2019action \u00bb, d\u00e9clare T. Sunderland, l\u2019une des chevilles ouvri\u00e8res de la cr\u00e9ation du GLF, instance dont la coordination est d\u00e9sormais assur\u00e9e conjointement par le CIFOR, le PNUE<\/a> et la Banque mondiale<\/a>, et qui est financ\u00e9e par le BMU et le minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral allemand de la Coop\u00e9ration \u00e9conomique et du D\u00e9veloppement. T. Sunderland est aussi l\u2019un des principaux auteurs de l\u2019article scientifique \u00ab Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation and other competing land uses<\/em><\/a> \u00bb, dont les id\u00e9es innovantes ont constitu\u00e9 la base des \u00e9changes en cours.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il faut arr\u00eater de parler et de faire des discours pour s\u2019atteler v\u00e9ritablement \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre \u00bb, affirme T. Sunderland. \u00ab Nous devons laisser de c\u00f4t\u00e9 les th\u00e9ories, les strat\u00e9gies politiques et les discours sur le d\u00e9veloppement pour essayer de comprendre de fa\u00e7on plus pragmatique le d\u00e9roulement des approches paysag\u00e8res sur le terrain. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Les intervenants ont fait part des enseignements d\u00e9gag\u00e9s de diverses initiatives align\u00e9es sur ce type d\u2019approche.<\/p>\n

DE L\u2019AMONT VERS L\u2019AVAL<\/span><\/h4>\n

Musonda Mumba, Directrice de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes terrestres<\/a> au PNUE, a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 les liens \u00e9troits qui existent entre les paysages. C\u2019est en observant l\u2019activit\u00e9 des glaciers dans les monts Rwenzori, situ\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re entre la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo et l\u2019Ouganda, qu\u2019elle a compris l\u2019ampleur de l\u2019impact de cette activit\u00e9 en aval et des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de cette fronti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Regardez les monts Rwenzori. Si vous prenez la carte du monde, et en particulier la carte de l\u2019Afrique, vous voyez que la plupart des cours d\u2019eau qui partent de cette r\u00e9gion coulent dans le Lac Victoria pour parvenir ensuite dans le bassin hydrographique du Nil \u00bb, indique-t-elle. \u00ab Et combien de personnes vivent dans le bassin du Nil ? Des millions de personnes, n\u2019est-ce pas ? C\u2019est \u00e9norme. \u00bb<\/p>\n

S\u2019int\u00e9ressant \u00e0 des recherches men\u00e9es au P\u00e9rou, elle est arriv\u00e9e aux m\u00eames conclusions. En raison de sa situation dans le d\u00e9sert, Lima, la capitale p\u00e9ruvienne, d\u00e9pend de sources en amont pour approvisionner en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 d\u2019origine hydraulique et en eau potable plus de 10 millions d\u2019habitants, fait savoir M. Mumba.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ann\u00e9e 2015 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par la signature d\u2019importants accords internationaux, notamment l\u2019Accord de Paris<\/a> sur le changement climatique, le Cadre de Sendai pour la r\u00e9duction des risques de catastrophes<\/a> et les objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable <\/a> (ODD). Ces accords officiels fournissent des cadres de travail vitaux qui officialisent l\u2019interconnectivit\u00e9 des paysages, indique M. Mumba.<\/p>\n

Tous les ODD d\u00e9coulent de l\u2019ODD 15, Vie terrestre<\/a>, pr\u00e9cise-t-elle. \u00ab Sans la terre, nous n\u2019existerions pas et c\u2019est elle qui nous nourrit \u2013 Le paysage est un tout qu\u2019on ne peut pas d\u00e9couper en tranches. C\u2019est un tissu complexe, une structure tr\u00e8s compliqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

PASSER \u00c0 L\u2019\u00c9CHELLE SUP\u00c9RIEURE<\/h4>\n

Mirjam Ros-Tonen, professeure associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Amsterdam<\/a> aux Pays-Bas, a explor\u00e9 les petites initiatives locales pour tester si elles peuvent se transformer en projets de plus grande ampleur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un paysage.<\/p>\n

Elle a \u00e9valu\u00e9 des projets d\u2019agroforesterie concernant le cacao au Ghana qui portaient sur le reboisement et la restauration des paysages, et qui apportaient un revenu \u00e0 de petits exploitants. Elle a appris que les projets ne se r\u00e9alisaient que dans le cadre des exploitations agricoles.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Des partenariats s\u2019av\u00e8rent n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9tendre ces activit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du paysage et pour que ces fermiers puissent s\u2019exprimer et avoir la possibilit\u00e9 de s\u2019organiser eux-m\u00eames et de d\u00e9cider du changement en autonomie \u00bb, signale M. Ros-Tonen. \u00ab Il faudrait voir si l\u2019on peut s\u2019appuyer sur des initiatives locales et, \u00e0 partir de celles-ci, b\u00e2tir des partenariats avec d\u2019autres acteurs du paysage \u00bb.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019au moins 50 initiatives int\u00e9gr\u00e9es et de grande ampleur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un paysage a permis de d\u00e9celer des caract\u00e9ristiques semblables et de mettre en lumi\u00e8re le besoin de disposer de plateformes impliquant des acteurs d\u2019horizons divers, capables de planifier et d\u2019imaginer une vision commune \u00e0 long terme sur plusieurs dizaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es, assure Sara Scherr, Pr\u00e9sidente-Directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019EcoAgriculture Partners<\/a>, ajoutant que le processus peut prendre de six mois \u00e0 trois ans.<\/p>\n

Pour la mise en \u0153uvre, il convient de respecter cinq \u00e9tapes essentielles, dont le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de parties prenantes, la garantie d\u2019un soutien financier et un processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Les projets de planification collaborative n\u00e9cessitent une vision \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il faut r\u00e9unir dans le paysage un groupe de personnes motiv\u00e9es venant de laboratoires pharmaceutiques, du secteur agro-industriel, des autorit\u00e9s locales, des gouvernements nationaux, des chefs issus de la culture du lieu concern\u00e9, des personnes adh\u00e9rant \u00e0 la vision du paysage transform\u00e9 et qui vont travailler ensemble \u00bb, explique S. Scherr.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est important de ne pas s\u2019arr\u00eater aux \u00ab \u00e9tiquettes \u00bb pour viser l\u2019\u00e9valuation du progr\u00e8s sur le long terme, en soulignant que ces approches devraient se d\u00e9rouler sur un temps beaucoup plus long que le cycle habituel d\u2019un projet, fait-elle remarquer.<\/p>\n

Le recours \u00e0 des acteurs ext\u00e9rieurs est vital si l\u2019on veut r\u00e9ussir dans les initiatives paysag\u00e8res int\u00e9gr\u00e9es, consid\u00e8re Roderick Zagt, coordonnateur des programmes \u00e0 Tropenbos International<\/a>. Quand les personnes avec lesquelles il a travaill\u00e9 comprenaient les probl\u00e8mes auxquels elles \u00e9taient confront\u00e9es et les cons\u00e9quences de diverses activit\u00e9s, l\u2019apport d\u2019un point de vue ext\u00e9rieur leur \u00e9tait b\u00e9n\u00e9fique.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous ne sommes pas aux manettes \u00bb, ajoute R. Zagt. \u00ab Nous ne pouvons pas imposer cette vision, mais je pense qu\u2019une personne venant de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur doit essayer de r\u00e9unir les conditions permettant de parvenir \u00e0 cette vision gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un processus de dialogue structur\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019ensemble, les intervenants s\u2019accordaient sur le fait que les approches paysag\u00e8res doivent \u00eatre des actions \u00e0 long terme, avec des responsables locaux, m\u00eame si leur efficacit\u00e9 d\u00e9pend souvent d\u2019un soutien ext\u00e9rieur, mentionne J. Reed.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Un consensus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral s\u2019est dessin\u00e9 sur le fait que le GLF devrait constituer un centre d\u2019\u00e9changes regroupant exp\u00e9riences et connaissances \u00bb, conclut-il. \u00ab Sa future mission pourrait permettre d\u2019\u00e9toffer l\u2019ensemble des informations et de les organiser, tout en dispensant des conseils sur les strat\u00e9gies de mise en \u0153uvre et en diffusant les enseignements d\u00e9gag\u00e9s dans cette qu\u00eate vers des paysages vraiment duables. \u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les d\u00e9bats sur la gestion durable des for\u00eats visant \u00e0 transformer la fa\u00e7on dont la communaut\u00e9 internationale lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, le changement climatique et la destruction de la biodiversit\u00e9 ont donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 un grand mouvement : le Forum mondial sur les paysages (GLF). Fond\u00e9 sur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":59554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12332],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3408,3259,2335,7532,7531,8234,3152,6220,3540],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[12381],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-59553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-landscapes","language-francais","location-bonn-2","tag-francais-approche-paysagere","tag-francais-burkina-faso","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-forum-mondial-sur-les-paysages","tag-francais-glf","tag-francais-glf-bonn","tag-francais-indonesie","tag-francais-paysages","tag-francais-zambie","type-francais-couverture-devenement"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUn nouveau financement entame le dialogue sur des initiatives d\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/59553\/un-nouveau-financement-entame-le-dialogue-sur-des-initiatives-dapproche-paysagere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un nouveau financement entame le dialogue sur des initiatives d\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les d\u00e9bats sur la gestion durable des for\u00eats visant \u00e0 transformer la fa\u00e7on dont la communaut\u00e9 internationale lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, le changement climatique et la destruction de la biodiversit\u00e9 ont donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 un grand mouvement : le Forum mondial sur les paysages (GLF). 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