{"id":58947,"date":"2018-12-06T18:29:32","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T11:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=58947"},"modified":"2018-12-06T18:59:02","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T11:59:02","slug":"de-lengagement-a-laction-pour-lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-en-afrique-centrale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/58947\/de-lengagement-a-laction-pour-lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-en-afrique-centrale","title":{"rendered":"De l\u2019engagement \u00e0 l\u2019action pour lutter contre le changement climatique en Afrique centrale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">La conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique de 2015 fut un moment historique lors duquel le monde entier s\u2019est accord\u00e9 pour limiter le r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te de 1,5 \u00e0 2 degr\u00e9s Celsius au-dessus des valeurs pr\u00e9industrielles en r\u00e9duisant les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Par l\u2019Accord de Paris, les parties ont consenti \u00e0 s\u2019engager sur le long chemin du d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9silient face au climat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Au c\u0153ur de ces objectifs \u00e0 long terme, se trouvent les contributions d\u00e9termin\u00e9es au niveau national (CDN). Ces CDN repr\u00e9sentent les efforts faits par chaque pays pour r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions et s\u2019adapter aux impacts du changement climatique. Enti\u00e8rement volontaires, elles sont fond\u00e9es sur les principes de la responsabilit\u00e9 partag\u00e9e et diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e : chaque pays prend des engagements en fonction de sa situation propre, de ses moyens et de ses priorit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Ayant pris une part active dans l\u2019Accord de Paris, et engag\u00e9s depuis longtemps dans les n\u00e9gociations internationales sur le climat, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale ont pris d\u2019ambitieux engagements. Les CDN de cette r\u00e9gion tiennent compte des besoins de d\u00e9veloppement des pays, mais recherchent les solutions d\u2019avenir les plus r\u00e9silientes et d\u00e9carbon\u00e9es. Cependant, compte tenu des progr\u00e8s insuffisants r\u00e9alis\u00e9s en vue de leur mise en \u0153uvre, les experts mettent en question leur faisabilit\u00e9 et demandent leur r\u00e9vision.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Une nouvelle <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/7051\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #24a2b8;\">note d\u2019orientation politique<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">, publi\u00e9e par l\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.observatoire-comifac.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #24a2b8;\">Observatoire des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\"> (OFAC), analyse les difficult\u00e9s auxquelles sont confront\u00e9s les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale pour transformer ces engagements en action, et \u00e9met des recommandations pour am\u00e9liorer la situation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">\u00ab Les CDN ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapidement formul\u00e9es pendant le sommet de Paris \u00bb, explique Richard Eba\u2019a Atyi, auteur qui en a assur\u00e9 la coordination. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">\u00ab Cependant, maintenant tous les pays de la r\u00e9gion admettent qu\u2019elles doivent \u00eatre revues pour qu\u2019elles soient plus pr\u00e9cises et r\u00e9alisables, ajoute-t-il. Les parties de l\u2019Accord de Paris sont oblig\u00e9es de soumettre de nouvelles CDN tous les cinq ans, et les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale ont donc la possibilit\u00e9 de reformuler leurs engagements et de les renforcer en 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Le premier probl\u00e8me, comme le soulignent les experts, est l\u2019absence de coordination intersectorielle. Le changement climatique demeure un enjeu confin\u00e9 aux minist\u00e8res de l\u2019Environnement, ce qui limite les instruments politiques et les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019orientations strat\u00e9giques disponibles pour mettre en \u0153uvre les CDN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">\u00ab L\u2019organisation de l\u2019appareil de l\u2019\u00c9tat complique la formulation et la mise en \u0153uvre des engagements en faveur du climat au niveau national \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Denis Sonwa, coauteur de cette note d\u2019orientation politique et expert du changement climatique. \u00ab Un point focal dans un minist\u00e8re ne suffit pas \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser les changements transformationnels exig\u00e9s par la transition climatique. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Deuxi\u00e8mement, les financements font d\u00e9faut. Dans leur ensemble, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale ont besoin de 117,9 millions USD pour mettre en \u0153uvre leurs CDN actuelles, et une bonne partie de ce financement d\u00e9pend de la cooperation internationale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Les pays les plus ambitieux, le Tchad et la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, n\u00e9cessitent environ 26 millions USD chacun, somme qui est bien au-dessus de leurs moyens. \u00ab Les pays attendent une contribution financi\u00e8re importante de la part de la communaut\u00e9 internationale pour leur permettre de r\u00e9aliser leurs ambitions \u00bb, affirme R. Eba\u2019a Atyi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Troisi\u00e8mement, on comprend peu la part que prennent diverses activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques dans le changement climatique. Les auteurs de cette note ont analys\u00e9 les CDN de 10 pays de la r\u00e9gion pour trouver que toutes comportaient des engagements en faveur de l\u2019adaptation et de l\u2019att\u00e9nuation li\u00e9s au secteur forestier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">L\u2019\u00e9nergie, l\u2019industrie et l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire sont aussi tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sents. Cependant, des secteurs cl\u00e9s comme l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage du b\u00e9tail, les infrastructures, le transport ou l\u2019\u00e9ducation ne sont pas pris en compte par la plupart des pays.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">\u00ab Le d\u00e9bat sur le climat en Afrique centrale s\u2019est fix\u00e9 jusqu\u2019ici sur le secteur bois-for\u00eat \u00bb, indique D. Sonwa. \u00ab Cependant, si nous voulons avoir un r\u00e9el impact, il nous faut consacrer davantage d\u2019attention \u00e0 la pluralit\u00e9 de secteurs qui contribuent au changement climatique. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">PROPOSER DES SOLUTIONS<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">En ce qui concerne la question du financement, diverses solutions sont possibles, selon les experts. Par exemple, le Fonds vert pour le climat (FVC) peut aider les pays \u00e0 convertir leur CDN en politiques concr\u00e8tes. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son m\u00e9canisme de financement de la pr\u00e9paration des projets, le FVC peut aussi aider \u00e0 mettre en place des capacit\u00e9s nationales pour concevoir un portefeuille de projets utiles susceptible d\u2019attirer d\u2019autres financements. \u00ab Le FVC peut servir d\u2019outil rapidement disponible pour lancer des initiatives et acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en \u0153uvre des CDN \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise R. Eba\u2019a Atyi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Cependant, d\u2019apr\u00e8s la note d\u2019orientation politique, pour obtenir un soutien international, les pays d\u2019Afrique centrale doivent prouver leur engagement et se tenir pr\u00eats \u00e0 d\u00e9signer les actions financ\u00e9es sur leur budget national. \u00ab Pour que le dossier soit convaincant, les pays doivent fournir une preuve concr\u00e8te des efforts faits pour am\u00e9liorer la coordination intersectorielle et d\u00e9montrer que les CDN sont bien prises en compte \u00e0 tous les niveaux \u00bb, poursuit R. Eba\u2019a Atyi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Pour promouvoir la coordination intersectorielle, cette note plaide pour plus d\u2019initiative et de responsabilit\u00e9 de la part des hommes politiques. \u00ab Il est n\u00e9cessaire que les principaux minist\u00e8res, comme ceux de la Planification et des Finances, et m\u00eame le Premier ministre et la Pr\u00e9sidence, s\u2019impliquent davantage \u00bb, explique D. Sonwa. \u00ab Ils doivent passer d\u2019un r\u00f4le de suivi \u00e0 une v\u00e9ritable participation \u00e0 la planification et \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des CDN. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Cette note propose aussi la r\u00e9vision des plans de d\u00e9veloppement de chaque pays pour qu\u2019ils s\u2019harmonisent avec les CDN et que les diff\u00e9rentes strat\u00e9gies et politiques destin\u00e9es \u00e0 promouvoir la croissance \u00e9conomique et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9 comportent des mesures d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">Enfin, l\u2019Afrique centrale dispose d\u2019une organisation intergouvernementale form\u00e9e de 10 pays de la r\u00e9gion, qui se consacre enti\u00e8rement \u00e0 la promotion de la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale sur les for\u00eats et l\u2019environnement : la Commission des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale (COMIFAC).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #333333;\">La COMIFAC a les moyens de faciliter les \u00e9changes r\u00e9gionaux \u00e0 tous les niveaux pour formuler les CDN, les r\u00e9viser et les mettre en \u0153uvre, comme de poser les enjeux transfrontaliers sur la table. \u00ab Les pays doivent \u00e9changer des informations avec plus d\u2019efficacit\u00e9. Cela conduira \u00e0 une meilleure prise en compte et une meilleure pr\u00e9vention des risques lors du montage de nouveaux projets, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 des capacit\u00e9s plus solides d\u2019adaptation \u00bb, conclut R. Eba\u2019a Atyi, ajoutant \u00ab Nous avons besoin d\u2019une gestion coordonn\u00e9e des risques climatiques dans la r\u00e9gion \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique de 2015 fut un moment historique lors duquel le monde entier s\u2019est accord\u00e9 pour limiter le r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te de 1,5 \u00e0 2 degr\u00e9s Celsius au-dessus des valeurs pr\u00e9industrielles en r\u00e9duisant les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Par l\u2019Accord de Paris, les parties [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":58948,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3436,7528,8184,8185],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3001],"coauthors":[7884],"class_list":["post-58947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-landscapes","language-francais","tag-francais-afrique-centrale","tag-francais-changement-climatique","tag-francais-cop24","tag-francais-ndcs","type-francais-a-la-une"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>De l\u2019engagement \u00e0 l\u2019action pour lutter contre le changement climatique en Afrique centrale - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/58947\/de-lengagement-a-laction-pour-lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-en-afrique-centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De l\u2019engagement \u00e0 l\u2019action pour lutter contre le changement climatique en Afrique centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique de 2015 fut un moment historique lors duquel le monde entier s\u2019est accord\u00e9 pour limiter le r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te de 1,5 \u00e0 2 degr\u00e9s Celsius au-dessus des valeurs pr\u00e9industrielles en r\u00e9duisant les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. 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