{"id":58261,"date":"2018-10-22T15:52:33","date_gmt":"2018-10-22T08:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=58261"},"modified":"2018-11-08T15:03:34","modified_gmt":"2018-11-08T08:03:34","slug":"rencontrez-la-prochaine-generation-dexperts-forestiers-congolais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/58261\/rencontrez-la-prochaine-generation-dexperts-forestiers-congolais","title":{"rendered":"Rencontrez la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’experts forestiers congolais"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pour susciter un changement durable, relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels font face les for\u00eats en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) n\u00e9cessite de s’attaquer aux sources des probl\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n

Lorsque les chercheurs du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR) et de l’Universit\u00e9 de Kisangani<\/a> (UNIKIS) ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler ensemble il y a plus de dix ans, un probl\u00e8me urgent a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9 : le pays manquait de professionnels hautement qualifi\u00e9s et d’experts form\u00e9s pour g\u00e9rer correctement ses vastes for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

En 2005, seulement six personnes titulaires de dipl\u00f4mes de troisi\u00e8me cycle travaillaient comme chercheurs en foresterie en RDC, ceci alors que ce pays abrite certains des plus grands peuplements de for\u00eats tropicales humides non perturb\u00e9s de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n

Il est essentiel de trouver des solutions \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats en RDC. Les for\u00eats sont sous pression en raison notamment de conflits prolong\u00e9s, de la croissance d\u00e9mographique, du manque d’opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, d\u2019une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et l’exploitation clandestine des for\u00eats. En cons\u00e9quence, le pays a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une expertise dans les d\u00e9fis particuliers auxquels ses for\u00eats sont confront\u00e9es. Investir dans une \u00e9ducation de haut niveau est la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape pour promouvoir une meilleure gestion des for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Le CIFOR et l\u2019UNIKIS, soutenus par l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne, ont entrepris de pr\u00e9parer des ressources humaines qualifi\u00e9es dans le secteur forestier et ont depuis form\u00e9 154 \u00e9tudiants en master et 36 doctorants en collaboration avec des enseignants locaux et internationaux. Certains de ces dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s sont devenus des scientifiques et des professeurs r\u00e9put\u00e9s dans des universit\u00e9s ou des repr\u00e9sentants du secteur priv\u00e9 et du gouvernement. Petit \u00e0 petit, une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019experts forestiers congolais \u00e9merge, pr\u00eats \u00e0 utiliser leurs connaissances pour servir leur pays.<\/p>\n

Lors de la premi\u00e8re conf\u00e9rence scientifique internationale sur les \u00ab Politiques foresti\u00e8res africaines<\/a> \u00bb (AFORPOLIS) tenue \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 du 24 au 27 septembre 2018, un entretien avec trois \u00e9tudiants en master sur le point de terminer leurs \u00e9tudes a permis de mieux comprendre leurs efforts. Les \u00e9tudiants, qui participent au programme de gestion durable des for\u00eats de CIFOR\/UNIKIS, soutenu par le projet FORETS (Formation, Recherche et Environnement dans la Tshopo<\/a>) et financ\u00e9s par l’Union Europ\u00e9enne, se sont rendus au Cameroun pour pr\u00e9senter les r\u00e9sultats de leurs recherches \u00e0 des sp\u00e9cialistes forestiers du monde entier.<\/p>\n

Hermane Diesse a grandi \u00e0 Kinshasa, la capitale tr\u00e8s active du pays. Agronome de formation, il a choisi le programme pour devenir un expert sur la mani\u00e8re de pr\u00e9server la biodiversit\u00e9 de son pays tout en augmentant la production agricole.<\/p>\n

Sagesse Nziavake est originaire du Nord-Kivu, une province montagneuse de l’est de la RDC. Titulaire d\u2019un baccalaur\u00e9at en \u00e9conomie, elle r\u00eave de d\u00e9velopper une \u00e9conomie verte dans son pays d\u2019origine. Son objectif est de contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de politiques \u00e9conomiques nationales qui permettront \u00e0 la RDC de se d\u00e9velopper de mani\u00e8re durable.<\/p>\n

Enfin, Eliezer Majambu est originaire de la province riche en ressources du Kasa\u00ef-Oriental, situ\u00e9e au centre de la RDC. Il a une formation en sciences politiques et il s’int\u00e9resse \u00e0 l’\u00e9laboration de meilleures politiques foresti\u00e8res. Il a choisi le programme de CIFOR\/UNIKIS apr\u00e8s avoir constat\u00e9 le d\u00e9sint\u00e9r\u00eat pour les for\u00eats des sp\u00e9cialistes en sciences sociales. \u00ab Nous avons besoin de plus de personnes dans le domaine des politiques publiques pour s’occuper de la conservation de nos for\u00eats \u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

AIDER LA RDC \u00c0 MIEUX G\u00c9RER SES FOR\u00caTS<\/p>\n

Bien que Hermane, Sagesse et Eliezer viennent d’horizons et de r\u00e9gions tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents du pays, ils sont tous d’accord sur un point : la RDC a besoin d’une meilleure gestion des for\u00eats. Le pays est tr\u00e8s riche en ressources foresti\u00e8res, mais des efforts suppl\u00e9mentaires sont n\u00e9cessaires pour faire en sorte qu\u2019elles contribuent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie de tous les Congolais et qu\u2019elles soient pr\u00e9serv\u00e9es pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Plus de Congolais doivent s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 nos for\u00eats \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Eliezer. \u00ab Nous devons \u00e9tudier la dynamique des communaut\u00e9s vivant de la for\u00eat et r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 de nouvelles fa\u00e7ons de prot\u00e9ger et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer leurs moyens de subsistance, tout en prot\u00e9geant notre patrimoine naturel. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab L’agriculture, par exemple, met nos for\u00eats sous pression \u00bb, a ajout\u00e9 Hermane. \u00ab Les habitants des villages ont besoin de gagner leur vie, ils ont besoin d\u2019argent pour survivre. Nous devons les aider \u00e0 augmenter leur production agricole afin qu\u2019ils puissent mieux vivre, mais nous devrions le faire de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que cela ne se fasse pas au d\u00e9triment de nos for\u00eats. \u00bb<\/p>\n

COMBLER L’\u00c9CART ENTRE LES SCIENTIFIQUES ET LES COMMUNAUT\u00c9S<\/p>\n

Selon les experts, la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape pour contribuer \u00e0 une meilleure gestion foresti\u00e8re consiste \u00e0 rapprocher des communaut\u00e9s les scientifiques et les experts afin qu\u2019ils puissent acqu\u00e9rir une exp\u00e9rience du terrain, s\u2019enrichir des connaissances locales et produire de nouvelles connaissances applicables aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s locales et susceptibles d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie de la population.<\/p>\n

Les trois \u00e9tudiants ont eu l’occasion de faire l’exp\u00e9rience directe de cette dynamique en effectuant leur th\u00e8se dans le paysage de Yangambi, une zone foresti\u00e8re proche de Kisangani o\u00f9 op\u00e8re un autre volet du projet FORETS. Leur travail sur le terrain leur a permis de choisir des sujets de recherche pertinents et de produire des connaissances pratiques pour les personnes vivant dans ce domaine.<\/p>\n

Eliezer, par exemple, a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 le r\u00f4le que jouent les institutions traditionnelles dans la gestion des ressources foresti\u00e8res. Apr\u00e8s avoir observ\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s la dynamique du pouvoir local dans un village situ\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de Yangambi, il pourrait formuler des recommandations sur la mani\u00e8re de mieux g\u00e9rer les conflits entre les autorit\u00e9s traditionnelles et les autorit\u00e9s locales et de renforcer la coop\u00e9ration pour \u00e9viter la surexploitation et la d\u00e9gradation de la for\u00eat.<\/p>\n

Sagesse a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la dynamique de la consommation et de l’approvisionnement en bois de chauffage des micro-entreprises de Yangambi. Elle a mesur\u00e9 la quantit\u00e9 de bois de chauffage utilis\u00e9e par les entreprises locales, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019elles n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 d\u2019autres sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie. Cette \u00e9tude lui a permis d\u2019estimer l\u2019impact du secteur sur la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats et la production de dioxyde de carbone.<\/p>\n

Hermane a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les arbres que les agriculteurs ont plant\u00e9s \u00e0 Yangambi et leur effet sur la composition chimique du sol. Il a constat\u00e9 que les agriculteurs gardent certains arbres dans leurs champs, principalement \u00e0 cause des produits comestibles qu’ils offrent et pas n\u00e9cessairement parce qu’ils contribuent \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 la modification de la composition du sol. Il esp\u00e8re que ses recherches aideront la communaut\u00e9 locale \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les techniques d\u2019agroforesterie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Mon travail sur le terrain m’a fait me demander pourquoi les interventions dans les communaut\u00e9s ne fonctionnent pas ?\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Sagesse. Pourquoi les projets ne produisent-ils pas de d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique ? J’ai appris qu’il fallait parler davantage avec les gens, leur demander de proposer des solutions, travailler avec la communaut\u00e9 pour concevoir des projets. C\u2019est alors seulement que nous susciterons un r\u00e9el int\u00e9r\u00eat et que nous modifierons les comportements n\u00e9fastes pour l\u2019environnement \u00bb, a-t-elle ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9tudiants souhaitent continuer \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des connaissances pertinentes. \u00ab Nous voulons continuer \u00e0 \u00e9tudier, bien s\u00fbr \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Sagesse. \u00ab Si nous avons la possibilit\u00e9 de postuler pour un doctorat, nous le ferons. Nous aimerions nous sp\u00e9cialiser davantage dans nos domaines. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab Si nous sommes mieux pr\u00e9par\u00e9s, nous pourrons avoir plus d’opportunit\u00e9s d’obtenir un bon travail et un meilleur salaire \u00bb, a-t-elle ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dans un pays o\u00f9 les possibilit\u00e9s d’emploi formel sont limit\u00e9es, ces \u00e9tudiants sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9s \u00e0 se d\u00e9marquer et \u00e0 devenir des sp\u00e9cialistes dans leurs domaines.<\/p>\n

Ce travail est soutenu par l’Union Europ\u00e9enne.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pour susciter un changement durable, relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels font face les for\u00eats en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) n\u00e9cessite de s’attaquer aux sources des probl\u00e8mes. Lorsque les chercheurs du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR) et de l’Universit\u00e9 de Kisangani (UNIKIS) ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler ensemble il y a plus de dix ans, un […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":287,"featured_media":58267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12261],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[8010,5866,2335,8013,8012,3291,5654,7787,8011],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3001,3000],"coauthors":[7884],"class_list":["post-58261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","location-cameroon-africa","tag-francais-biomasse","tag-francais-education","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-forets-humides","tag-francais-formation","tag-francais-politique","tag-francais-republique-democratique-du-congo","tag-francais-unikis","tag-francais-universite-de-kisangani","type-francais-a-la-une","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRencontrez la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'experts forestiers congolais - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/58261\/rencontrez-la-prochaine-generation-dexperts-forestiers-congolais\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rencontrez la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'experts forestiers congolais\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pour susciter un changement durable, relever les d\u00e9fis auxquels font face les for\u00eats en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) n\u00e9cessite de s’attaquer aux sources des probl\u00e8mes. 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