{"id":56826,"date":"2018-06-29T07:30:41","date_gmt":"2018-06-29T00:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=56826"},"modified":"2018-06-23T23:30:33","modified_gmt":"2018-06-23T16:30:33","slug":"le-pourquoi-de-la-foresterie-sociale-ou-comment-securiser-la-seve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/56826\/le-pourquoi-de-la-foresterie-sociale-ou-comment-securiser-la-seve","title":{"rendered":"Le pourquoi de la foresterie sociale, ou comment s\u00e9curiser la s\u00e8ve ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dedy Aprianto fait son sac et commence \u00e0 marcher depuis son domicile dans le village de Pahmungan, dans la province de Lampung \u00e0 Sumatra. Quelques heures plus tard, il atteint une petite hutte d’un m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 dans la for\u00eat et d\u00e9balle son \u00e9quipement.<\/p>\n

Il commence \u00e0 d\u00e9fricher le sous-bois au-dessous de l’arbre damar<\/em> sur lequel il travaillera. Avec seulement une ceinture tiss\u00e9e en rotin comme harnais, il monte sur les niches triangulaires martel\u00e9es dans l’arbre lors de la r\u00e9colte pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente pour recueillir la s\u00e8ve, qui sera utilis\u00e9e dans des produits allant de la nourriture au vernis et \u00e0 l’encens. Utilisant les anciennes niches comme points d’appui, il grimpe sur l’arbre pour sculpter de nouveaux recoins.<\/p>\n

Les gens de Pahmungan, un petit village adjacent au parc national de Bukit Barisan Selatan \u00e0 l’extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 sud-ouest de Sumatra, ont utilis\u00e9 le damar<\/em> comme principale source de revenus pendant plus d’un si\u00e8cle.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00ab Cet arbre a environ 50 ans \u00bb, dit D. Aprianto. \u00ab Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 transmis depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. C’est la terre de notre famille, et le damar<\/em> est la principale source de subsistance pour notre communaut\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Cependant, la terre a \u00e9t\u00e9 un lieu de contestation, car les changements gouvernementaux en mati\u00e8re de statuts fonciers se sont heurt\u00e9s aux pratiques fonci\u00e8res coutumi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

De 2014 \u00e0 2017, des chercheurs du Centre pour la recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR)<\/a> ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les probl\u00e8mes d’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re dans le cadre de l’\u00c9tude comparative globale sur la r\u00e9forme fonci\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re<\/a> (GCS-Tenure).<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le village de Pahmungan a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme l’un des sites de recherche en raison de ses probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s aux droits des communaut\u00e9s \u00bb, explique le scientifique du CIFOR et coordinateur du projet, Tuti Herawati. \u00ab La certitude sur la terre dans le village constituait un sujet important pour l’apprentissage. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Ils ont constat\u00e9 que la mise en \u0153uvre de programmes de foresterie sociale pourrait \u00eatre la r\u00e9ponse aux d\u00e9fis latents.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u00c0 LA FRONTI\u00c8RE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Damar<\/em> (\u00e9galement orthographi\u00e9 dammar<\/em>) provient de divers arbres dipt\u00e9rocarpiques \u2013 des feuillus longs et hauts, souvent d\u00e9nud\u00e9s de branches jusqu’au sommet. Originaires des for\u00eats humides des plaines tropicales, les arbres damar<\/em> vivent dans toute l’Indon\u00e9sie, ainsi que dans d’autres parties de l’Asie du Sud-Est.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le repong damar<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9r\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9 et transmis de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00bb, explique T. Herawati \u00e0 propos de Pahmungan. \u00ab Mais dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, cette zone a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9limit\u00e9e en tant que for\u00eat domaniale. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Cependant, en 1991, le gouvernement indon\u00e9sien a modifi\u00e9 le statut de ces for\u00eats de damar<\/em> pour en faire des for\u00eats de production limit\u00e9e appartenant \u00e0 l’\u00c9tat. Cela a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une r\u00e9sistance de la part de la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Finalement, le minist\u00e8re de l’Environnement et des For\u00eats a \u00e9cout\u00e9. Dans son D\u00e9cret sp\u00e9cial n \u00b0 47 de 1998<\/a>, le Minist\u00e8re a d\u00e9sign\u00e9 environ 29.000 hectares de repong damar<\/em> comme cas sp\u00e9cial au sein de la for\u00eat de production limit\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de West Lampung Regency : un Kawasan dengan Tujuan Istimewa<\/em> (KDTI) ou \u2018zone \u00e0 usage sp\u00e9cial\u2019.<\/p>\n

En tant que KDTI, le statut de la for\u00eat demeure la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l’\u00c9tat, mais sa gestion est confi\u00e9e aux populations locales, afin qu’elles puissent continuer leurs pratiques de repong damar<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pourtant \u2013 sans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re qui vient avec des syst\u00e8mes de foresterie sociale \u2013 les villageois craignent que le gouvernement puisse \u00e0 nouveau changer le statut foncier, et ils perdraient ainsi l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la for\u00eat et \u00e0 leur source de revenus.<\/p>\n

Cette ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 suscite \u00e9galement des diff\u00e9rends sur la fronti\u00e8re entre le KDTI et la zone de production limit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La for\u00eat de production limit\u00e9e de Pesisir Barat Regency couvre environ 33.350 hectares, et une partie de celle-ci borde directement le repong<\/em> damar<\/em> de la communaut\u00e9 \u00bb, explique Enny Puspasari, de l’Office des for\u00eats de la province de Lampung.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Pour r\u00e9soudre ces diff\u00e9rents conflits fonciers, je crois que les programmes de foresterie sociale sont la meilleure solution pour Lampung \u00bb, dit-elle.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
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Des femmes traversant la rivi\u00e8re Way Bulak \u00e0 pied en transportant de la r\u00e9sine des champs au village. Photo CIFOR<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Zuhaidi (34), et Dedi Aprianto (32), recueillant la r\u00e9sine d'un arbre damar. Photo CIFOR \/ Ulet Ifan<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

REP\u00c8RES DE PRIX<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pendant les r\u00e9coltes de damar<\/em>, on voit un groupe de femmes d\u00e9filer dans la for\u00eat, bravant des rivi\u00e8res et des ruisseaux sans ponts avec de lourds sacs sur le dos.<\/p>\n

Cela fait partie de l’\u00e9conomie locale : des fermiers de damar<\/em> comme D. Aprianto paient des villageoises pour ramener leur r\u00e9sine r\u00e9colt\u00e9e au village.<\/p>\n

Dahniar est une de la douzaine de ces femmes. \u00ab Je re\u00e7ois 600 roupies [environ 0,04 USD] par kilo \u00bb, explique-t-elle. \u00ab Parfois, je ne peux ramener \u00e0 la maison que 15 000 roupies [1,10 USD], mais il y a des jours o\u00f9 je peux gagner jusqu’\u00e0 50 000 roupies [3,65 USD] pour deux voyages par jour. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 qu’environ 60% de la communaut\u00e9 d\u00e9pend du repong damar<\/em> pour son revenu.<\/p>\n

Mais l’\u00e9conomie n’est pas stable. Sans les droits issus des syst\u00e8mes de foresterie sociale, la communaut\u00e9 n’a pas de pouvoir de n\u00e9gociation pour fixer le prix de la s\u00e8ve de damar<\/em> et l’emp\u00eacher de fluctuer.<\/p>\n

Cela met non seulement les moyens de subsistance locaux mais aussi la for\u00eat en danger, car cela peut conduire \u00e0 l’abattage des arbres pour plus d’argent.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les communaut\u00e9s sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9fis dans la gestion du repong damar<\/em> \u00e0 Lampung \u00bb, dit Rini Pahlawati de Watala Lampung, une ONG environnementale qui cr\u00e9e des campagnes de sensibilisation du public sur l’importance locale du repong damar<\/em>. \u00ab Watala aide la communaut\u00e9 \u00e0 g\u00e9rer durablement le repong damar<\/em> et \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des ponts avec le gouvernement. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u201cThe community members we talk to want certainty about their land rights,\u201d says Herawati. \u201cTo achieve this, they are willing to consider participating in the government\u2019s social forestry program.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les membres de la communaut\u00e9 \u00e0 qui nous parlons veulent avoir des certitudes sur leurs droits fonciers \u00bb, explique T. Herawati. \u00ab Pour y parvenir, ils sont pr\u00eats \u00e0 envisager de participer au programme de foresterie sociale du gouvernement. \u00bb<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dedy Aprianto fait son sac et commence \u00e0 marcher depuis son domicile dans le village de Pahmungan, dans la province de Lampung \u00e0 Sumatra. Quelques heures plus tard, il atteint une petite hutte d’un m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 dans la for\u00eat et d\u00e9balle son \u00e9quipement. Il commence \u00e0 d\u00e9fricher le sous-bois au-dessous de l’arbre damar sur lequel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":56829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,6090,95],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12223],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[7636,7800,3381,7801,7802,3172,7634,7803],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3001,6283],"coauthors":[7230,7485],"class_list":["post-56826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-forests-news","category-human-wellbeing","language-francais","location-indonesia","tag-francais-aprs2018","tag-francais-droits-fonciers","tag-francais-foresterie-communautaire","tag-francais-foresterie-sociale","tag-francais-gcs-tenure","tag-francais-moyens-de-subsistance","tag-francais-regime-foncier","tag-francais-sumatra","type-francais-a-la-une","type-francais-dossier"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe pourquoi de la foresterie sociale, ou comment s\u00e9curiser la s\u00e8ve ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/56826\/le-pourquoi-de-la-foresterie-sociale-ou-comment-securiser-la-seve\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le pourquoi de la foresterie sociale, ou comment s\u00e9curiser la s\u00e8ve ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dedy Aprianto fait son sac et commence \u00e0 marcher depuis son domicile dans le village de Pahmungan, dans la province de Lampung \u00e0 Sumatra. 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