{"id":56817,"date":"2018-06-26T07:30:34","date_gmt":"2018-06-26T00:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=56817"},"modified":"2018-06-23T23:32:20","modified_gmt":"2018-06-23T16:32:20","slug":"le-pourquoi-de-la-foresterie-sociale-ou-comment-conserver-le-cafe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/56817\/le-pourquoi-de-la-foresterie-sociale-ou-comment-conserver-le-cafe","title":{"rendered":"Le pourquoi de la foresterie sociale, ou comment conserver le caf\u00e9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans une vall\u00e9e luxuriante de la province de Lampung, \u00e0 la pointe sud de Sumatra, se trouve le village de Tri Budi Syukur, entour\u00e9 de terrasses idylliques de rizi\u00e8res et de champs de caf\u00e9iers orn\u00e9s de baies rouges.<\/p>\n

Officiellement, la terre appartient au gouvernement, mais c’est la gestion locale qui la maintient belle et prosp\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La plupart des gens ici sont des agriculteurs \u00bb, explique Engkos Kosasih, directeur du groupe de foresterie sociale locale Bina Wana. \u00ab Il y a quelques fonctionnaires et enseignants, mais ils cultivent aussi. Les principales cultures sont le caf\u00e9 et le riz. Certains plantent aussi des fruits et des l\u00e9gumes. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir mis en \u0153uvre diff\u00e9rentes versions de programmes de foresterie sociale pendant pr\u00e8s de deux d\u00e9cennies, Lampung est la province pionni\u00e8re de la foresterie sociale en Indon\u00e9sie, et Tri Budi Syukur a \u00e9t\u00e9 son village phare.<\/p>\n

De mani\u00e8re \u00e0 examiner ses facteurs de r\u00e9ussite, les chercheurs du Centre pour la recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR) l’ont choisi comme l’un des sites indon\u00e9siens de recherche sur les droits fonciers dans les communaut\u00e9s tributaires des for\u00eats, dans le cadre de l’\u00e9tude comparative globale sur la r\u00e9forme fonci\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re<\/a> ( GCS-Tenure).<\/p>\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, l’\u00e9quipe de recherche a mesur\u00e9 l’impact de la foresterie sociale sur les moyens de subsistance locaux, en utilisant trois indicateurs : le revenu de la r\u00e9colte de caf\u00e9 en grains, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire familiale et les initiatives en mati\u00e8re d’investissement dans la restauration des terres.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Sur les 70 personnes interrog\u00e9es environ, seulement 10% ont encore des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 satisfaire leurs besoins alimentaires pendant trois mois chaque ann\u00e9e \u00bb, explique Tuti Herawati, scientifique et coordinateur du projet CIFOR.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Lorsqu\u2019ils investissent dans la restauration des terres, 98% des membres du programme de foresterie sociale replantent et font d’autres travaux pour conserver la terre et l\u2019eau \u00bb, dit-elle. \u00ab L’autre impact important que nous avons trouv\u00e9 \u00e9tait l’augmentation du couvert forestier. Les membres du projet de for\u00eat communautaire sont oblig\u00e9s de reboiser la concession avec une densit\u00e9 de canop\u00e9e d’au moins 400 arbres par hectare. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Les moyens de subsistance et le paysage sont \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s, et ceci est en grande partie d\u00fb \u00e0 l’institution de la foresterie sociale.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n\n

LE\u00c7ONS D’HISTOIRE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comme ses environs, Tri Budi Syukur a eu une histoire par monts et vall\u00e9es pour devenir l’histoire \u00e0 succ\u00e8s qu’elle est aujourd’hui.<\/p>\n

E. Kosasih dit que le village a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 en 1951 lorsque le gouvernement a accord\u00e9 727 hectares de terres \u00e0 un groupe d’anciens combattants de l’ind\u00e9pendance de Tasikmalaya, en Java occidental. Ils ont migr\u00e9 ici pour g\u00e9rer la terre.<\/p>\n

Cependant, au fur et \u00e0 mesure que le village grandissait, les tensions locales avec le gouvernement augmentaient \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Notre communaut\u00e9 a grandi et certaines de nos familles de Java nous ont rejoints ici \u00bb, explique E. Kosasih. \u00ab La terre est devenue trop petite, et certains membres de la communaut\u00e9 ont empi\u00e9t\u00e9 sur la zone foresti\u00e8re. C’est quand le conflit est arriv\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n

En 1995, dans le but de prot\u00e9ger la for\u00eat, le gouvernement a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 des expulsions massives dans deux districts de la province, entra\u00eenant la destruction de 1 000 hectares de plantations productives de caf\u00e9. Cela a s\u00e9v\u00e8rement secou\u00e9 le village. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que tant de gens d\u00e9pendaient du caf\u00e9, la communaut\u00e9 s’est effondr\u00e9e, dit E. Kosasih.<\/p>\n

Les choses n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 remises en ordre avant 1999, lorsque le gouvernement central a publi\u00e9 un r\u00e8glement sur les for\u00eats communautaires qui a permis \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 Tri Budi Syukur de demander des licences pour g\u00e9rer les for\u00eats domaniales.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous avons n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec le gouvernement et, heureusement, apr\u00e8s la publication du r\u00e8glement sur les for\u00eats communautaires en 1999, nous avons pu ressentir la paix \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 E. Kosasih.<\/p>\n

En 2000, le groupe communautaire Bina Wana a re\u00e7u une licence pour g\u00e9rer 645 hectares de la for\u00eat prot\u00e9g\u00e9e de Bukit Rigis dans l’ouest de la province.<\/p>\n

Since, the village has emerged as a case study in how incorporating locals into their surrounding landscapes leads to better results than keeping them out.<\/p>\n

Depuis, le village a \u00e9merg\u00e9 comme un cas d\u2019\u00e9tude dans la fa\u00e7on dont l’int\u00e9gration des habitants dans leurs paysages environnants a conduit \u00e0 de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats qu\u2019en les tenant \u00e0 l’\u00e9cart.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Evincer ceux qui empi\u00e8tent dans les for\u00eats, comme ce qui est arriv\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9, n’est pas une bonne solution \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Eni Puspasari du bureau des for\u00eats de la province de Lampung. \u00ab Je crois que le programme de foresterie sociale est la meilleure solution aux conflits fonciers \u00e0 Lampung. \u00bb<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\"\"
Une femme s\u00e8che du riz devant chez elle. CIFOR Photo\/Ulet Ifansasti<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\"\"
Des paquets de caf\u00e9 local au magasin Kelompok Wanita Tani dans le village de Tri Budi Syukur. Photo CIFOR \/ Ulet Ifansasti<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

ACTIVIT\u00c9S DE GROUPE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yayah Suryani se souvient des jours du conflit. Elle dit que la communaut\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait pas consciente qu’ils avaient ill\u00e9galement g\u00e9r\u00e9 des terres appartenant \u00e0 l’Etat quand ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9s. Mais sans autres options, ils ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 cultiver secr\u00e8tement du caf\u00e9 dans la zone foresti\u00e8re en d\u00e9pit des craintes d’\u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous avons travaill\u00e9 sur nos terres avant l\u2019aurore et nous sommes revenus juste avant le lever du soleil \u00bb, se souvient-elle. \u00ab Mais heureusement, maintenant, nous sommes autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 g\u00e9rer nos terres et r\u00e9colter des produits non ligneux de la for\u00eat. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Ce succ\u00e8s est en partie d\u00fb aux femmes du village, y compris Y. Suryani, qui en 1993, a form\u00e9 un groupe d’agricultrices nomm\u00e9 Melati dans le but de contribuer au revenu de leurs familles. Souvent, les revenus de leurs maris en tant qu’agriculteurs n’\u00e9taient souvent pas suffisants pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins quotidiens.<\/p>\n

Le groupe des femmes a commenc\u00e9 comme une activit\u00e9 d’\u00e9pargne et de pr\u00eat, mais il a ensuite grandi pour produire du marc de caf\u00e9, vendre des aliments de base et exploiter une p\u00e9pini\u00e8re. En 2013 et 2014, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9compens\u00e9s pour leurs efforts au concours de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire de Lampung.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les membres de notre groupe prosp\u00e8rent maintenant, apr\u00e8s qu’on nous ait donn\u00e9 la for\u00eat communautaire. Le groupe est pass\u00e9 de seulement 48 femmes \u00e0 94. Au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, nous avons pu traiter deux tonnes de grains de caf\u00e9 chaque mois. \u00bb<\/p>\n

The success of the village has attracted further support and attention from the government and other organizations including NGOs, companies and academics. In 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry named Tri Budi Syukur a community forestry pilot project.<\/p>\n

Le succ\u00e8s du village a attir\u00e9 davantage de soutien et d’attention de la part du gouvernement et d’autres organisations, notamment des ONG, des entreprises et des universitaires. En 2014, le minist\u00e8re de l’Environnement et des For\u00eats a cit\u00e9 Tri Budi Syukur comme projet pilote de foresterie communautaire.<\/p>\n

As such, one of the key lessons learned in Tri Budi Syukur is that despite local capabilities, outside support is still needed. Whereas once the government and villagers were pitted against one another, success has grown since they began working together.<\/p>\n

En tant que tel, l’une des principales le\u00e7ons apprises dans Tri Budi Syukur est que malgr\u00e9 les capacit\u00e9s locales, un soutien ext\u00e9rieur est encore n\u00e9cessaire. Alors que le gouvernement et les villageois se sont dress\u00e9s les uns contre les autres dans le pass\u00e9, le succ\u00e8s a grandi depuis qu’ils ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler ensemble.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019implication et le soutien de nombreuses parties prenantes – y compris du gouvernement r\u00e9gional et du secteur des affaires \u2013 sont importants pour la durabilit\u00e9 des for\u00eats et apportent des avantages \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Rini Pahlawanti, membre du groupe de d\u00e9fense de l’environnement local Watala.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous r\u00e9alisons que nous ne pouvons pas g\u00e9rer la for\u00eat seuls. \u00bb<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans une vall\u00e9e luxuriante de la province de Lampung, \u00e0 la pointe sud de Sumatra, se trouve le village de Tri Budi Syukur, entour\u00e9 de terrasses idylliques de rizi\u00e8res et de champs de caf\u00e9iers orn\u00e9s de baies rouges. Officiellement, la terre appartient au gouvernement, mais c’est la gestion locale qui la maintient belle et prosp\u00e8re. 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