{"id":56757,"date":"2018-06-13T22:36:29","date_gmt":"2018-06-13T15:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=56757"},"modified":"2018-06-13T22:40:35","modified_gmt":"2018-06-13T15:40:35","slug":"les-cartes-de-lere-du-congo-belge-revelent-les-secrets-dun-arbre-africain-precieux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/56757\/les-cartes-de-lere-du-congo-belge-revelent-les-secrets-dun-arbre-africain-precieux","title":{"rendered":"Les cartes de l’\u00e8re du Congo belge r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les secrets d’un arbre africain pr\u00e9cieux"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une ancienne carte retrouv\u00e9e dans la biblioth\u00e8que d\u2019une station de recherche situ\u00e9e sur le fleuve Congo en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), d\u00e9tient le secret pour r\u00e9soudre le myst\u00e8re de la sauvegarde d\u2019un grand arbre en danger, appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 depuis des d\u00e9cennies par les constructeurs de bateaux et de meubles.<\/p>\n

Un favori des designers du milieu du XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle comme Wendell Castle, l\u2019essence Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata<\/em>) est appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e pour sa couleur, ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s r\u00e9sistantes et sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9sister aux termites et aux intemp\u00e9ries. Mais au fond de la r\u00e9serve de l’homme et de la biosph\u00e8re de Yangambi<\/a> dans le nord de la RDC<\/a>, une sentinelle solitaire d’\u00e9corce brune rouge\u00e2tre s\u2019\u00e9caille : dans les alentours, il n\u2019y a pas de jeunes arbres \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n

Pour aider \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me, Brice Djiofack a pass\u00e9 des mois de travail en sueur, essaim\u00e9 par des insectes dans les blocs d’am\u00e9nagements de Yangambi et parcourant les parcelles exp\u00e9rimentales d’Afrormosia install\u00e9s par des chercheurs belges dans le courant du XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Ces scientifiques ont laiss\u00e9 derri\u00e8re eux un record dans la biblioth\u00e8que de la station de recherche de Yangambi, qui \u00e9tait autrefois le plus grand institut de recherche agricole tropicale au monde, avant d’\u00eatre r\u00e9duite \u00e0 la suite de l’ind\u00e9pendance en 1960.<\/p>\n

L’Afrormosia, qui peut atteindre jusqu’\u00e0 50-60 m\u00e8tres de haut dans certaines for\u00eats d’Afrique centrale et de l’ouest, a laiss\u00e9 les forestiers perplexes pendant des d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 cause de son incapacit\u00e9 apparente de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer naturellement de mani\u00e8re efficace sous la canop\u00e9e foresti\u00e8re. Ce trait inhabituel et potentiellement dangereux pour le devenir de cette esp\u00e8ce a retenu l\u2019attention de Brice, \u00e9tudiant camerounais qui termine bient\u00f4t ses \u00e9tudes en gestion des for\u00eats et des espaces naturels \u00e0 la Facult\u00e9 des bioing\u00e9nieurs, \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain<\/a>.<\/p>\n

En combinant la technologie de l\u2019information g\u00e9ographique moderne avec les cartes historiques d\u00e9licates d\u00e9couvertes dans la biblioth\u00e8que de l\u2019Institut Nationale d\u2019Etude et de Recherche Agronomique de Yangambi, Brice cherche \u00e0 d\u00e9crire des approches sylvicoles adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 Afrormosia, conduisant a l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des connaissances scientifiques sur les techniques de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle de cette esp\u00e8ce.<\/p>\n

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\u00ab Il y a quelques populations d\u2019Afrormosia qui existent encore, principalement au Cameroun et en RDC \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Brice. \u00ab Dans la plupart de ces populations, la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle de cette essence demeure difficile. Ici \u00e0 Yangambi, nous avons trouv\u00e9 des poches de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle r\u00e9sultant des travaux d\u2019am\u00e9nagement effectu\u00e9s par les chercheurs belges il y a plus de 60 ans. Le myst\u00e8re est que les approches sylvicoles appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque par ces chercheurs ne sont pas d\u00e9taill\u00e9es, et nous essayons de les d\u00e9crire au mieux. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires sugg\u00e8rent que l\u2019arbre n\u2019a pas un besoin constant en lumi\u00e8re pendant toutes ses phases de croissance. Cela signifie qu\u2019une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019approches plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une seule technique sylvicole est pr\u00e9conisable pour une telle esp\u00e8ce, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Brice.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tudiant camerounais est aid\u00e9 dans son travail par des scientifiques du Mus\u00e9e royal de l’Afrique centrale<\/a> et du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/a> (CIFOR), dans le cadre d’un projet de 27 millions d’euros financ\u00e9 par l’Union europ\u00e9enne pour prot\u00e9ger la r\u00e9serve de Yangambi et soutenir le d\u00e9veloppement durable dans la r\u00e9gion. Le projet FORETS (For\u00eats, Recherche, Environnement <\/em>dans la TShopo<\/em>)<\/em> est \u00e9galement ax\u00e9 sur la formation des forestiers locaux avec des programmes de ma\u00eetrise et de doctorat ainsi que des programmes d’am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Kisangani.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrir le secret de la croissance Afrormosia signifie aussi une chance pour les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res de d\u00e9velopper des pratiques sylvicoles durables et de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande croissante de bois tropicaux cultiv\u00e9s et r\u00e9colt\u00e9s dans des conditions qui prot\u00e8gent l’\u00e9cologie fragile menac\u00e9e par les populations et la d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n

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\u00ab La RDC poss\u00e8de la plus grande \u00e9tendue de for\u00eats tropicales d’Afrique et aussi l’une des populations les plus importantes et les plus dynamiques \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le Dr Robert Nasi, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du CIFOR. \u00abLa foresterie doit r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des deux et il y a un grand besoin de personnes bien form\u00e9es. C’est ce que nous faisons \u00e0 Kisangani et \u00e0 Yangambi avec nos partenaires congolais et internationaux, soutenus par l’Union europ\u00e9enne. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Les autres efforts men\u00e9s par le CIFOR et ses partenaires visent \u00e0 aider les populations locales \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une \u00e9conomie durable bas\u00e9e sur les ressources foresti\u00e8res de la r\u00e9gion et \u00e0 moderniser ou am\u00e9liorer les cha\u00eenes de valeur agricoles, agroforesti\u00e8res et foresti\u00e8res existantes, en plus de cr\u00e9er des p\u00e9pini\u00e8res. Le d\u00e9veloppement de la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie durable en utilisant la biomasse locale est parmi d\u2019autres options envisag\u00e9es pour la zone.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9serve de l\u2019homme et de la biosph\u00e8re de Yangambi couvre environ 250 000 hectares de for\u00eats tropicales, une multitude d\u2019esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres et d\u2019animaux, dont certaines sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme menac\u00e9es. La r\u00e9serve, comme les autres for\u00eats de la r\u00e9gion, subit des pressions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019expansion de l\u2019agriculture, \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation des produits forestiers, notamment la conversion du bois en \u00e9nergie et \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle pratiqu\u00e9e par les communaut\u00e9s locales et les op\u00e9rateurs professionnels.<\/p>\n\n

Cette recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e par la DG DEVCO<\/a> de la Commission europ\u00e9enne.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une ancienne carte retrouv\u00e9e dans la biblioth\u00e8que d\u2019une station de recherche situ\u00e9e sur le fleuve Congo en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), d\u00e9tient le secret pour r\u00e9soudre le myst\u00e8re de la sauvegarde d\u2019un grand arbre en danger, appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 depuis des d\u00e9cennies par les constructeurs de bateaux et de meubles. Un favori des designers du milieu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":286,"featured_media":56712,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12220,12258],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3436,2998,2335,7786,7765,5654,7785,7787,7784],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[7760],"class_list":["post-56757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","location-congo-basin","location-democratic-republic-of-congo","tag-francais-afrique-centrale","tag-francais-bassin-du-congo","tag-francais-forets","tag-francais-inera","tag-francais-rdc","tag-francais-republique-democratique-du-congo","tag-francais-tshopo","tag-francais-unikis","tag-francais-yangambi","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes cartes de l'\u00e8re du Congo belge r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les secrets d'un arbre africain pr\u00e9cieux - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/56757\/les-cartes-de-lere-du-congo-belge-revelent-les-secrets-dun-arbre-africain-precieux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les cartes de l'\u00e8re du Congo belge r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les secrets d'un arbre africain pr\u00e9cieux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une ancienne carte retrouv\u00e9e dans la biblioth\u00e8que d\u2019une station de recherche situ\u00e9e sur le fleuve Congo en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), d\u00e9tient le secret pour r\u00e9soudre le myst\u00e8re de la sauvegarde d\u2019un grand arbre en danger, appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 depuis des d\u00e9cennies par les constructeurs de bateaux et de meubles. 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