{"id":55995,"date":"2018-05-09T10:51:32","date_gmt":"2018-05-09T03:51:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=55995"},"modified":"2018-05-02T22:04:44","modified_gmt":"2018-05-02T15:04:44","slug":"pour-proteger-les-forets-de-ce-monde-nous-devons-commencer-par-ses-villes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/55995\/pour-proteger-les-forets-de-ce-monde-nous-devons-commencer-par-ses-villes","title":{"rendered":"Pour prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats de ce monde, nous devons commencer par ses villes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en anglais sous forme d’\u00e9ditorial le 21 mars sur le site de la Fondation Thomson Reuters<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pendant des ann\u00e9es, nous avons c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 les for\u00eats, chant\u00e9 leurs louanges et recens\u00e9 leurs nombreuses vertus. Aujourd’hui, la Journ\u00e9e internationale des for\u00eats n’est pas diff\u00e9rente. C’est un jour pour les titres et les c\u00e9l\u00e9brations. Pourtant, les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de la d\u00e9forestation et de la d\u00e9gradation se poursuivront aujourd’hui et demain.<\/p>\n

Si nous ch\u00e9rissons nos for\u00eats autant que nous le disons, il est temps d’envisager une approche diff\u00e9rente pour les prot\u00e9ger. Tout d’abord, et cela peut sembler contre-intuitif, nous devons commencer dans les villes de ce monde.<\/p>\n

Consid\u00e9rez ceci : entre 1960 et 2015, la population mondiale a plus que doubl\u00e9 pour atteindre 7,5 milliards de personnes. En l’espace d’un peu plus d’une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, la population mondiale a bondi et nous sommes devenus une plan\u00e8te de citadins. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, plus de la moiti\u00e9 d’entre nous vivent maintenant dans des villes.<\/p>\n

Cette croissance urbaine explosive a \u00e9clips\u00e9 une augmentation absolue des populations rurales. Le pire de tout est que les deux ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 des pressions \u00e9normes sur les for\u00eats mondiales et les paysages naturels en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Le monde continue de perdre des for\u00eats tropicales \u00e0 un rythme alarmant et la d\u00e9gradation, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le processus de diminution des fonctions biologiques des for\u00eats, repr\u00e9sente environ un quart des \u00e9missions de carbone associ\u00e9es aux for\u00eats tropicales.<\/p>\n

Lorsque les migrants s’installent dans les villes<\/a>, leurs modes de vie et de consommation changent. Les habitants des villes mangent plus d’aliments transform\u00e9s et \u00e0 base d’animaux et ils consomment plus d’\u00e9nergie. Ces changements de go\u00fbts augmentent le besoin en terres agricoles pour \u00e9lever des animaux et cultiver les cultures qui les nourrissent. Dans le m\u00eame temps, la demande croissante de logements repousse les limites des villes dans les for\u00eats et les terres agricoles avoisinantes.<\/p>\n

Selon certaines estimations, l’expansion urbaine entra\u00eenera une perte de 2,4 pourcent des terres cultiv\u00e9es mondiales d’ici 2030, l’Asie et l’Afrique \u00e9tant les plus touch\u00e9es. Ces changements sont souvent importants et modifient les habitats et la couverture terrestre, ainsi que l’hydrologie et la biog\u00e9ochimie.<\/p>\n

Les niveaux croissants d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9, d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et d\u2019emploi dans les villes dans le monde entier font que les nouveaux migrants urbains continuent souvent \u00e0 d\u00e9pendre des ressources foresti\u00e8res en ville comme dans les p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries urbaines, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant ainsi la d\u00e9gradation, la d\u00e9forestation et la perte de la biodiversit\u00e9, le temps qu\u2019ils s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 style de vie bas\u00e9 sur l’argent.<\/p>\n

La fa\u00e7on dont nous abordons actuellement la d\u00e9forestation ne fonctionne pas. Au Centre pour la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale<\/a> (CIFOR), nous essayons de renverser la pratique de protection des for\u00eats de mani\u00e8re isol\u00e9e, et d’examiner plut\u00f4t comment les villes, les terres agricoles et les for\u00eats s’imbriquent. C’est la m\u00eame chose avec un large \u00e9ventail d’autres d\u00e9fis environnementaux, y compris la construction de villes durables et la gestion des bassins versants \u2013 et m\u00eame le changement climatique.<\/p>\n

Alors, quelle est la solution si nous voulons prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats tout en accommodant ce passage historique de la campagne vers les villes ?<\/p>\n

Cela signifie penser de mani\u00e8re holistique \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes et utiliser une approche dite paysag\u00e8re. La bonne nouvelle est que nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9parer le terrain.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

L’approche paysag\u00e8re inclut des aspects sociaux, politiques et \u00e9conomiques ainsi que des aspects \u00e9cologiques et physiques. Ce n’est pas une solution universelle \u2013 chaque paysage a ses propres d\u00e9fis et opportunit\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitant un ensemble d’outils personnalis\u00e9s et r\u00e9pondant aux pr\u00e9occupations vari\u00e9es d’utilisation des terres de multiples parties prenantes. Comme l’a dit un de mes coll\u00e8gues, il s’agit de se d\u00e9brouiller \u2013 mais avec un but pr\u00e9cis \u2013 et d’\u00eatre assez flexible pour s’adapter au changement.<\/p>\n

L’approche paysag\u00e8re cherche \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la complexit\u00e9 du d\u00e9fi auquel le monde est confront\u00e9, qu’il s’agisse de la protection des for\u00eats, du changement climatique ou de l’agriculture durable. Elle est de nature multidisciplinaire et, par d\u00e9finition, elle recherche une multitude de voix. Cela requi\u00e8re de l’\u00e9coute et de l’action.<\/p>\n

Des efforts comme le D\u00e9fi de Bonn<\/a> pour restaurer des millions d’hectares de for\u00eats et le mouvement du Forum mondial du paysage<\/a> cr\u00e9ent une dynamique pour \u00e9quilibrer les besoins de la conservation, de l’agriculture, des industries d’exploitation des ressources et d’autres utilisations des terres. Parce que les paysages sont des syst\u00e8mes entiers, ils tiennent compte de la diversit\u00e9 des types de terres et des usages dans les villes comme dans les r\u00e9gions sauvages ainsi que des cha\u00eenes de valeur.<\/p>\n

Nous devons \u00e9galement valoriser les espaces verts dans le paysage urbain, en prenant en compte le r\u00f4le b\u00e9n\u00e9fique qu’ils jouent dans l’am\u00e9lioration de la vie des citadins. Les for\u00eats urbaines filtrent les polluants, r\u00e9duisent la pollution sonore, r\u00e9duisent la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’air conditionn\u00e9, aident \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les bassins versants et bien plus encore.<\/p>\n

Nous avons un long chemin \u00e0 parcourir. Le monde a pris de nombreux engagements : ralentir la d\u00e9forestation, r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et limiter les changements climatiques, restaurer les paysages et prot\u00e9ger les oc\u00e9ans. Ce ne sera pas facile.<\/p>\n

Il est temps que nous commencions \u00e0 traiter les for\u00eats avec plus que de simples paroles. Souvenons-nous, en cette journ\u00e9e des for\u00eats, que les for\u00eats et les paysages sur lesquels nous comptons pour notre bien-\u00eatre font partie de notre foyer.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en anglais sous forme d’\u00e9ditorial le 21 mars sur le site de la Fondation Thomson Reuters. Pendant des ann\u00e9es, nous avons c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 les for\u00eats, chant\u00e9 leurs louanges et recens\u00e9 leurs nombreuses vertus. Aujourd’hui, la Journ\u00e9e internationale des for\u00eats n’est pas diff\u00e9rente. C’est un jour pour les titres et les c\u00e9l\u00e9brations. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":55999,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,95,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3408,7529,5877,6281,3434,7672],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2965],"coauthors":[851,7485],"class_list":["post-55995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","language-francais","location-global","tag-francais-approche-paysagere","tag-francais-journee-de-la-foret","tag-francais-journee-internationale-des-forets","tag-francais-migration","tag-francais-robert-nasi","tag-francais-urbanisation","type-francais-chronique-du-dg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPour prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats de ce monde, nous devons commencer par ses villes - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/55995\/pour-proteger-les-forets-de-ce-monde-nous-devons-commencer-par-ses-villes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pour prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats de ce monde, nous devons commencer par ses villes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en anglais sous forme d’\u00e9ditorial le 21 mars sur le site de la Fondation Thomson Reuters. 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