{"id":38313,"date":"2015-12-02T17:25:37","date_gmt":"2015-12-02T10:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=38313"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:36:44","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:36:44","slug":"les-efforts-pour-eviter-dautres-incendies-commencent-maintenant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/38313\/les-efforts-pour-eviter-dautres-incendies-commencent-maintenant","title":{"rendered":"Les efforts pour \u00e9viter d’autres incendies commencent maintenant"},"content":{"rendered":"

La saison des pluies a commenc\u00e9 en Indon\u00e9sie, \u00e9teignant la plupart des incendies qui ont br\u00fbl\u00e9 au travers Sumatra et de Kalimantan central. La nature a peut-\u00eatre r\u00e9solu le probl\u00e8me pour l’instant, mais la menace est loin d’\u00eatre \u00e9cart\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Certaines parties du pays vont \u00eatre naturellement plus s\u00e8ches en f\u00e9vrier et mars, notamment certaines r\u00e9gions du Sumatra et du Kalimantan Est. Lors d’une ann\u00e9e El Ni\u00f1o cette s\u00e9cheresse sera plus prononc\u00e9e \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Louis Verchot, directeur de la Recherche sur les For\u00eats et l’Environnement au Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR).<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous pouvons donc nous attendre \u00e0 une nouvelle vague d’incendies \u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n

Les incendies, ainsi que la fum\u00e9e toxique qu’ils \u00e9mettent, ont eu un impact majeur sur les hommes et l’environnement. L’Indon\u00e9sie estime qu\u2019environ 1,7 millions d’hectares ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9s. Les co\u00fbts \u00e9conomiques pourraient s\u2019\u00e9lever \u00e0 des milliards de dollars et les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre du pays pourraient atteindre des niveaux records. \u00c0 ce jour, plus d’un demi-million de personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9es pour des sympt\u00f4mes respiratoires ; les effets sur la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme restent inconnus.

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DANS LES TRANCH\u00c9ES<\/h4>\n

Les autorit\u00e9s ont fait face \u00e0 une t\u00e2che d’envergure dans la lutte contre les incendies, m\u00eame avec le soutien international. En vue du risque persistant d’incendies \u00e0 l’avenir, il est essentiel d’identifier les actions qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 efficaces et celles qui ne l’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Une question \u00e0 \u00e9tudier est le creusement de canaux ou de foss\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le gouvernement creuse des foss\u00e9s dans le but d’obtenir un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’eau. N\u00e9anmoins, cette eau provient des tourbi\u00e8res \u00bb, explique M. Verchot.<\/p>\n

La tourbe est une mati\u00e8re organique qui repose dans une nappe phr\u00e9atique proche de la surface. L’eau ralentit la d\u00e9composition, ce qui explique l’accumulation de la tourbe.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Lorsque on creuse un foss\u00e9, toute l’eau s\u2019\u00e9chappe et s\u2019\u00e9coule dans le foss\u00e9, ce qui signifie que la tourbe est plus s\u00e8che, sur une plus grande profondeur. Par cons\u00e9quent, elle est plus inflammable \u00bb, explique M. Verchot.<\/p>\n

Verchot et d’autres chercheurs du CIFOR travaillent avec des experts de l’Universit\u00e9 Palangka Raya du Kalimantan Central afin de mesurer les effets \u00e0 long terme du drainage et des incendies sur les tourbi\u00e8res. Ils ont install\u00e9 22 outils sur le terrain, connus sous le nom de R-SET-MH, dans le but d’observer les changements sous terre au fil du temps. <\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous voulons identifier la perte de carbone due au drainage et aux processus souterrains \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Sigit Sasmito, chercheur dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 du CIFOR.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous pouvons \u00e9galement mesurer les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de r\u00e9hydrater les tourbi\u00e8res. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Ces donn\u00e9es fournissent un exemple de recherches pouvant fournir des strat\u00e9gies pour surmonter le probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, M. Verchot avertit que des solutions \u00e0 long terme doivent \u00eatre mises en place rapidement.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement d’incendies et de fum\u00e9e \u00e9tait totalement pr\u00e9visible. Ce probl\u00e8me peut \u00eatre r\u00e9solu \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Une forte volont\u00e9 politique est n\u00e9cessaire. De nombreuses personnes devront faire des choses de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente. Il va falloir aider ces personnes \u00e0 changer leurs actes \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le succ\u00e8s exigera plus qu’une simple application.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire de cr\u00e9er des incitations et des possibilit\u00e9s pour les personnes de quitter les tourbi\u00e8res, tout en assurant leurs moyens de subsistance pour l’avenir de leurs familles \u00bb, ajoute M. Verchot.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Voil\u00e0 de quoi il s’agit, c’est plus un sujet humain. R\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me implique de mettre les hommes au c\u0153ur de la solution. \u00bb<\/p>\n

LA QUESTION \u00c0 UN MILLIARD DE DOLLARS<\/h4>\n

Les recherches indiquent que des millions de tonnes de dioxyde de carbone ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mises lors des incendies en 1997-98, contribuant de mani\u00e8re significative au changement climatique. Cette ann\u00e9e, le volume des \u00e9missions devrait figurer au deuxi\u00e8me rang parmi les plus pire taux d’\u00e9mission de l’histoire.

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Les d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de la prochaine Conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques \u00e0 Paris chercheront \u00e0 parvenir \u00e0 un accord universel et juridiquement contraignant sur le climat, avec l’objectif de maintenir le r\u00e9chauffement climatique en dessous de 2\u00b0C. Les for\u00eats et l’utilisation des terres pourraient \u00eatre inclues dans l’accord sous forme de la REDD+, acronyme pour la R\u00e9duction des \u00c9missions issues de la D\u00e9forestation et de la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

En 2010, la Norv\u00e8ge a promis de donner \u00e0 l’Indon\u00e9sie jusqu’\u00e0 1 milliard de dollars am\u00e9ricain pour la REDD+.<\/p>\n

Selon M. Verchot, l’Indon\u00e9sie a pris des engagements forts en faveur de la REDD+, mais des r\u00e9formes structurelles sont encore n\u00e9cessaires et celles-ci n\u00e9cessitent de l’argent.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il y a un milliard de dollars sur la table en ce moment de la part du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien et ceci a certainement stimul\u00e9 de nombreuses actions. Cependant, un milliard de dollars n’est pas beaucoup par rapport \u00e0 la valeur de l’industrie des produits forestiers, l’industrie des p\u00e2tes et papiers et celle de l’huile de palme. C’est en fait tr\u00e8s peu \u00bb, souligne-t-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Donc, sans la garantie \u00e0 long terme d’un financement soutenu du m\u00e9canisme de REDD, afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, il va \u00eatre difficile pour l’Indon\u00e9sie de d\u00e9fendre ce dont elle a besoin pour investir dans toutes les r\u00e9formes structurelles n\u00e9cessaires pour obtenir ce r\u00e9sultat. \u00bb <\/p>\n

L’Indon\u00e9sie travaille avec des experts pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me. Dans un premier temps, le pr\u00e9sident Joko Widodo a enjoint au minist\u00e8re de l’Environnement et des For\u00eats de ne pas d\u00e9livrer de nouvelles licences pour l’exploitation des tourbi\u00e8res. Selon le pr\u00e9sident Widodo, la dynamique actuelle doit servir \u00e0 emp\u00eacher des incendies futurs.<\/p>\n

Verchot est du m\u00eame avis.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Si la crise passe et aucune action n’est entreprise, elle sera oubli\u00e9e et l’occasion sera perdue \u00bb, pr\u00e9vient-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Selon un dicton : il ne faut jamais gaspiller une crise. Actuellement, la crise ici attire une attention consid\u00e9rable \u00e0 cet enjeu tant au niveau national qu’international. \u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La saison des pluies a commenc\u00e9 en Indon\u00e9sie, \u00e9teignant la plupart des incendies qui ont br\u00fbl\u00e9 au travers Sumatra et de Kalimantan central. La nature a peut-\u00eatre r\u00e9solu le probl\u00e8me pour l’instant, mais la menace est loin d’\u00eatre \u00e9cart\u00e9e. \u00ab Certaines parties du pays vont \u00eatre naturellement plus s\u00e8ches en f\u00e9vrier et mars, notamment certaines […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":38314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,190],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12223],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3395,2334,5598,3152,5616,3081,6277,3196,3243],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[12380],"coauthors":[6193],"class_list":["post-38313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-peatlands","language-francais","location-indonesia","tag-francais-cop21","tag-francais-emissions-de-carbone","tag-francais-feux","tag-francais-indonesie","tag-francais-louis-verchot","tag-francais-milieux-humides","tag-francais-negociations-sur-le-climat","tag-francais-redd","tag-francais-tourbiere","type-francais-dans-lactualite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes efforts pour \u00e9viter d'autres incendies commencent maintenant - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/38313\/les-efforts-pour-eviter-dautres-incendies-commencent-maintenant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les efforts pour \u00e9viter d'autres incendies commencent maintenant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La saison des pluies a commenc\u00e9 en Indon\u00e9sie, \u00e9teignant la plupart des incendies qui ont br\u00fbl\u00e9 au travers Sumatra et de Kalimantan central. 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