{"id":37500,"date":"2015-11-10T18:46:31","date_gmt":"2015-11-10T11:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=37500"},"modified":"2015-11-10T18:46:31","modified_gmt":"2015-11-10T11:46:31","slug":"un-apercu-du-paysage-au-cameroun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/37500\/un-apercu-du-paysage-au-cameroun","title":{"rendered":"Un aper\u00e7u du paysage au Cameroun"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Comment pouvons-nous g\u00e9rer la terre afin qu\u2019elle procure la nourriture, le bois, les min\u00e9raux et toutes les autres ressources naturelles dont nous avons besoin, tout en pr\u00e9servant les stocks de carbone et la biodiversit\u00e9 ? Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un d\u00e9fi de taille, intimidant, dont la complexit\u00e9 ne cesse de s\u2019intensifier.<\/p>\n<p>Bienvenue dans l\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re, con\u00e7ue pour g\u00e9rer ces compromis, mais complexe en elle-m\u00eame, avec de multiples facettes et exigeante \u00e0 mettre en application.<\/p>\n<p>Ce casse-t\u00eate donna une id\u00e9e \u00e0 Eugene Loh Chia, un agent de recherche pour le <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\" target=\"_blank\">Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Au Cameroun, o\u00f9 est bas\u00e9 Chia, le Minist\u00e8re de la for\u00eat et de la faune a fragment\u00e9 plusieurs parties du pays, qui sont utilis\u00e9es de multiples fa\u00e7ons, en ce qu\u2019ils appellent des \u00ab Unit\u00e9s d\u2019op\u00e9rations techniques \u00bb (<em>Technical Operation Units<\/em>), dont l\u2019abr\u00e9viation est TOUs. Pour Chia, les TOUs semblent \u00eatre un point de d\u00e9part potentiel pour d\u00e9buter le processus et le d\u00e9fi complexe que repr\u00e9sente l\u2019application de l\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re au Cameroun.<\/p>\n<p>Il s\u2019est dit : \u00ab Voyons voir si je peux appliquer cette approche au Cameroun en suivant ces principes \u00bb. Donc, son coll\u00e8gue chercheur au CIFOR Richard Kankeu Sufo et lui-m\u00eame ont examin\u00e9 la faisabilit\u00e9 de mettre en place une approche paysag\u00e8re large, en employant les TOUs comme fondement.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab En th\u00e9orie, cela semble tr\u00e8s attrayant \u00bb, raconte Chia. Et d\u2019ailleurs, d\u2019autres secteurs ont exprim\u00e9 leur int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 utiliser les TOUs \u00e0 titre d\u2019outils de gestion. \u00ab Mais, cela demande tellement de recherche. \u00bb <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<p>Chia et Sufo ont donc saut\u00e9 dans la recherche. Dans l\u2019article qui en r\u00e9sulte, ils examinent comment les 5 TOUs du Cameroun pourraient apporter leur soutien aux efforts pour satisfaire les besoins multiples sur un seul territoire, par exemple, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la croissance \u00e9conomique et la pr\u00e9servation de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4>LE PROBL\u00c8ME AVEC LE GLOBAL<\/h4>\n<p>\u00c0 une plus petite \u00e9chelle, par exemple au niveau de la communaut\u00e9, il serait possible de parvenir \u00e0 des solutions significatives, nous dit Chia, en r\u00e9unissant ensemble des personnes qui ont int\u00e9r\u00eat dans un ce qui se passe au niveau des terres. Par exemple, de petits propri\u00e9taires agricoles assis \u00e0 la m\u00eame table que des d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019environnement et des repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019agro-industrie.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Mais aussit\u00f4t que tout cela est connect\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019immense \u00e9conomie mondiale, cela devient compliqu\u00e9 et tr\u00e8s difficile \u00bb, souligne Chia. Les exigences et les attentes envers les apports des paysag\u00e8res augmentent : \u00ab Ils doivent fournir de la nourriture, ils doivent servir \u00e0 conserver le carbone, ils doivent pr\u00e9server la biodiversit\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Eugene Chia pr\u00e9dit que l\u2019\u00e9largissement (\u00e0 plus grande \u00e9chelle) vient avec une \u00ab \u00e9pouvantable \u00bb augmentation de la complexit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Pour aligner le Cameroun avec les Objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable (ODD) nouvellement adopt\u00e9s et atteindre l\u2019objectif de devenir un pays \u00e9mergent \u00e0 l\u2019horizon de 2035, la connexion aux politiques internationales sera plus importante que jamais. <div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<p>De la m\u00eame, la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 au changement climatique et le stockage du carbone ne sont pas encore des priorit\u00e9s au sein de TOUs au sens large, ce qui fait partie des lacunes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es par Chia et Sufo dans le cadre de leur recherche.<\/p>\n<h4>PARLER LE M\u00caME LANGAGE<\/h4>\n<p>Pour qu\u2019une approche paysag\u00e8re int\u00e9gr\u00e9e soit un succ\u00e8s, la communication est primordiale soutient Chia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Nous devons discuter avec les acteurs face-\u00e0-face \u00bb, dit-il, en mettant l\u2019accent sur \u00ab les bonnes questions \u00e0 poser \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Denis Sonwa est d\u2019accord. Sonwa est un scientifique senior au CIFOR, bas\u00e9 au Cameroun. Il \u00e9tudie le r\u00f4le que jouent les for\u00eats dans l\u2019atteinte des besoins socio\u00e9conomiques et \u00e9cologiques des petits propri\u00e9taires agricoles d\u2019Afrique centrale.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Les TOUs peuvent \u00eatre une bonne occasion pour amener d\u2019autres secteurs \u00e0 b\u00e2tir une plateforme de discussion et n\u00e9gociation sur l\u2019utilisation et l\u2019allocation des terres, les collaborations et les compromis \u00bb, a dit Sonwa.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Le principal probl\u00e8me est que lorsque vous avez des activit\u00e9s qui se chevauchent dans une m\u00eame r\u00e9gion g\u00e9ographique, vous devez vraiment vous assurer de regrouper les diff\u00e9rents secteurs et que les discussions concernant les collaborations et les compromis se fassent de mani\u00e8re transparente \u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n<p>Mais pour s\u2019assurer que tous les groupes impliqu\u00e9s soient sur un pied d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et qu\u2019ils \u00ab parlent le m\u00eame langage \u00bb, dit Chia, il faudra aussi investir dans le d\u00e9veloppement de capacit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Souvent, les communaut\u00e9s ne comprennent pas ces dynamiques plut\u00f4t compliqu\u00e9es \u00bb, ajoute-t-il. \u00ab Elles peut avoir d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des attentes irr\u00e9alistes concernant le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour le d\u00e9roulement d\u2019un projet sp\u00e9cifique, la nature de leurs contributions, ou encore, comment les membres de leur communaut\u00e9 vont en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Pour que tous ceux qui sont impliqu\u00e9s aillent l\u2019occasion de prendre des \u00ab d\u00e9cisions informelles \u00bb, souligne Sonwa, \u00ab nous devons vraiment nous assurer que toutes les parties prenantes d\u00e9tiennent la m\u00eame information. \u00bb <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019importance de la communication se prolonge jusqu\u2019au minist\u00e8res eux-m\u00eames. Messieurs Chia et Sufo indiquent dans l\u2019article que le \u00ab chevauchement qui caract\u00e9rise certaines fonctions minist\u00e9rielles \u00bb peut rendre difficile le fait de d\u00e9terminer quelle autorit\u00e9 est en charge. Et ils ont trouv\u00e9 que le probl\u00e8me omnipr\u00e9sent des minist\u00e8res qui ne coop\u00e8rent pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration des politiques ou des d\u00e9cisions est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sent au Cameroun.<\/p>\n<h4>DE PAYSAGE EN PAYSAGE<\/h4>\n<p>\u00c0 titre de compl\u00e9ment aux TOUs, Sonwa pr\u00e9conise la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un outil unique qui \u00e9noncerait clairement tous les diff\u00e9rentes utilisations pr\u00e9vues pour une r\u00e9gion donn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab S\u2019ils veulent que le pays se d\u00e9veloppe, ils doivent avoir une carte, une map, de sorte que tous les objectifs soient planifi\u00e9s en avance \u00bb, rapporte Sonwa. \u00ab Puis, ceux qui travaillent pour le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019agriculture ou de la for\u00eat ou de l\u2019environnement ou des mines peuvent travailler d\u2019une mani\u00e8re coordonn\u00e9e pour \u00e9viter les conflits le plus possible. \u00bb <\/p>\n<p>Ce qui ressort clairement des travaux de Chia est que cette analyse des TOUs \u00e0 travers l\u2019angle de l\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re n\u2019est que le commencement de la recherche n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie aussi complexe au Cameroun et ailleurs. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019ensemble vari\u00e9 des parties prenantes, des ressources et des utilisations de la terre est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment critique pour la r\u00e9ussite de la planification \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du paysage.<\/p>\n<p>Cela signifie \u00e9galement qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas deux solutions susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre semblables. Et ce, que ce soit de paysage en paysage dans un endroit comme le Cameroun ou carr\u00e9ment dans un autre pays.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab L\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re va varier d\u2019un pays \u00e0 l\u2019autre \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Chia. \u00ab Chaque pays se doit de faire de la recherche pour comprendre sa propre dynamique \u00bb.<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-entry\">\n<div class=\"extend_info\">\n<div class=\"contact_information\"><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;information sur ce sujet, veuillez contacter Denis Sonwa \u00e0 l&rsquo;adresse:\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:d.sonwa@cgiar.org\">d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/a>.\u00a0Cette recherche \u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 supporter par le projet sur le Changement Climatique et les For\u00eats dans le Bassin du Congo (COBAM) financ\u00e9 par le la Banque de d\u00e9veloppement africaine par l&rsquo;entremise de PACEBco.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comment pouvons-nous g\u00e9rer la terre afin qu\u2019elle procure la nourriture, le bois, les min\u00e9raux et toutes les autres ressources naturelles dont nous avons besoin, tout en pr\u00e9servant les stocks de carbone et la biodiversit\u00e9 ? Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un d\u00e9fi de taille, intimidant, dont la complexit\u00e9 ne cesse de s\u2019intensifier. Bienvenue dans l\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re, con\u00e7ue pour [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":208,"featured_media":37519,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12261],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3408,2992,2993,6252,6137,3114,6251],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[5295],"class_list":["post-37500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","location-cameroon-africa","tag-francais-approche-paysagere","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-denis-sonwa","tag-francais-developpement","tag-francais-eugene-loh-chia","tag-francais-gestion-forestiere","tag-francais-richard-kankeu-sufo","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un aper\u00e7u du paysage au Cameroun - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/37500\/un-apercu-du-paysage-au-cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un aper\u00e7u du paysage au Cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comment pouvons-nous g\u00e9rer la terre afin qu\u2019elle procure la nourriture, le bois, les min\u00e9raux et toutes les autres ressources naturelles dont nous avons besoin, tout en pr\u00e9servant les stocks de carbone et la biodiversit\u00e9 ? 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