{"id":28712,"date":"2015-05-26T18:53:46","date_gmt":"2015-05-26T11:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=28712"},"modified":"2015-11-05T14:25:00","modified_gmt":"2015-11-05T07:25:00","slug":"le-grand-deversement-lagriculture-intensive-altere-les-sols-de-ce-qui-reste-de-forets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/28712\/le-grand-deversement-lagriculture-intensive-altere-les-sols-de-ce-qui-reste-de-forets","title":{"rendered":"Agriculture intensive et sols forestiers : attention \u00e7a d\u00e9borde !"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_27907\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27907\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/49.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27907 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/49-500x250.jpg\" alt=\"Seorang petani menebar kapur di atas lahannya, wilayah Waikato, Selandia Baru. Penelitian di wilayah itu menunjukkan bahwa pertanian intensif mengarah pada kondisi tumpahan unsur hara berlebihan. Brian NZ\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27907\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un agriculteur \u00e9pand de la chaux sur ses terres dans la r\u00e9gion de Waikato en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande. Des recherches men\u00e9es dans cette\u00a0zone indiquent que l&rsquo;agriculture intensive a\u00a0conduit un\u00a0d\u00e9bordement des fertilisants plus important. Photo\u00a0:\u00a0Brian NZ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"CENTER\">Si l&rsquo;on ne tient pas compte de l&rsquo;impact des produits agricoles \u00e9pandus sur terres cultiv\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re intensive et d\u00e9bordant sur les zones limitrophes, cela risque d&rsquo;avoir des cons\u00e9quences graves sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des sols, selon <span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5408\/agricultural-intensification-exacerbates-spillover-effects-on-soil-biogeochemistry-in-adjacent-forest-remnants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">une nouvelle \u00e9tude<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Cette recherche men\u00e9e dans le district de Waipa sur l&rsquo;\u00eele du nord de la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande a examin\u00e9 des zones repr\u00e9sentatives des \u00ab terres \u00e9pargn\u00e9es \u00bb, de petites zones foresti\u00e8res isol\u00e9es ou des vestiges de for\u00eat entour\u00e9es de terres utilis\u00e9es pour la production alimentaire. Ces zones, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 2 \u00e0 16 hectares, sont tout ce qui reste des habitats naturels pr\u00e9sents dans les paysages agricoles de plaine.<\/p>\n<p>Selon les auteurs, l&rsquo;utilisation intensive des terres \u00e0 des fins agricoles a un impact majeur sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des sols de ces zones foresti\u00e8res, ind\u00e9pendamment des diff\u00e9rences naturelles qui surviennent sur les diff\u00e9rents types de sols avant la conversion \u00e0 l&rsquo;agriculture. Ils ont constat\u00e9 un changement \u00ab syst\u00e9matique \u00bb des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des sols dans les zones o\u00f9 on pratique une agriculture intensive, avec des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d&rsquo;azote, de phosphore, d&rsquo;uranium et de cadmium. Les auteurs constatent que, m\u00eame lorsque les for\u00eats restantes sont cl\u00f4tur\u00e9es ou \u00ab \u00e9pargn\u00e9es \u00bb \u00e0 des fins de conservation et que le b\u00e9tail ne peut pas y acc\u00e9der, les d\u00e9bordements de nutriments, dus au ruissellement et \u00e0 la d\u00e9rive a\u00e9rienne des engrais, ont des cons\u00e9quences importantes au-del\u00e0 des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres cl\u00f4tur\u00e9s. <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<p>Avec l&rsquo;intensification de l&rsquo;agriculture, ces d\u00e9bordements ont augment\u00e9. Les d\u00e9versements, en particulier de l&rsquo;azote et du phosphore trouv\u00e9s dans les engrais, n&rsquo;affectent pas seulement le bord des fronti\u00e8res avec les for\u00eats natives, m\u00eame s&rsquo;ils sont plus concentr\u00e9s dans ces zones.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Concernant le d\u00e9bat sur la sauvegarde des terres, il n&rsquo;y a pas eu d&rsquo;\u00e9tude directe des effets de proximit\u00e9 ou \u00ab des effets de d\u00e9bordement \u00bb induits par les pratiques agricoles intensives et par les apports importants d&rsquo;engrais associ\u00e9s \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Liz Deakin, chercheur post-doctorante au <span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR)<\/a><\/span> et co-auteur de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude. \u00ab Du point de vue de la conservation, nous d\u00e9tenons la preuve que la sauvegarde des terres n&rsquo;est pas une solution miracle pour concilier la production et le maintien de la r\u00e9silience des for\u00eats puisque les effets indirects sont assez importants.<\/p>\n<p>Selon Mme Deakin, ces effets n\u00e9fastes comprennent une contrepartie financi\u00e8re pour les agriculteurs qui perdent, en cultivant de mani\u00e8re intensive, l&rsquo;azote des engrais dans les zones foresti\u00e8res adjacentes. L&rsquo;engrais co\u00fbte cher. R\u00e9duire le d\u00e9bordement de nutriments, tout en soutenant l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de la production, augmenterait les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices et r\u00e9duirait les dommages environnementaux.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Cette recherche est une alerte \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Mme Deakin. \u00ab L&rsquo;id\u00e9e que l&rsquo;agriculture intensive permette de produire davantage de nourriture pour plus de personnes sans nuire \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres zones n&rsquo;est tout simplement pas r\u00e9aliste. Il est n\u00e9cessaire de combiner diff\u00e9rentes pratiques en incluant des pratiques plus durables. \u00bb<\/p>\n<h4>UNE NOUVELLE PISTE : LES ZONES TAMPONS<\/h4>\n<p>Une des possibilit\u00e9s est de cr\u00e9er des zones tampons de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation. Mme Deakin affirme qu&rsquo;il y a eu beaucoup de travaux sur les zones tampons aquatiques qui \u00e9viteraient les d\u00e9versements de la terre vers l&rsquo;eau. N\u00e9anmoins, les zones tampons de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation sont rares, malgr\u00e9 des principes similaires et leur potentiel de fournir d&rsquo;autres avantages tels que la r\u00e9duction des effets du microclimat existant entre deux milieux diff\u00e9rents sur les communaut\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et animales.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Tous les travaux r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur les d\u00e9versements de l&rsquo;agriculture intensive dans des syst\u00e8mes naturels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 uniquement r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur des syst\u00e8mes aquatiques. Ce travail n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 fait, nulle part dans le monde, sur les syst\u00e8mes terrestres. Il s&rsquo;agit donc d&rsquo;une nouveaut\u00e9 pour la recherche \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Mme Deakin en reconnaissant que les zones tampons ne constituent qu&rsquo;une partie de la solution pour att\u00e9nuer la pollution. <\/p>\n<p>Alors que les agriculteurs travaillent dur pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier am\u00e9liorer les rendements de leurs terres, il faut tenir compte de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle croissante des \u00e9levages de b\u00e9tail et du d\u00e9bordement des \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs des zones agricoles dans les milieux naturels adjacents.<\/p>\n<p>Mme Deakin avertit que si on ne pas tient pas compte la mani\u00e8re dont le ruissellement agricole affecte les terres adjacentes aux zones d&rsquo;agriculture intensive, on risque d&rsquo;assister \u00e0 des cons\u00e9quences importantes sur la biodiversit\u00e9 et les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que l&rsquo;augmentation des rendements par l&rsquo;agriculture intensive augmente les revenus et la production alimentaire, il faut davantage de recherches pour d\u00e9terminer l&rsquo;ampleur des cons\u00e9quences pour les milieux naturels adjacents, affirme Mme Deakin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les sujets de ces recherches, veuillez contacter Liz Deakin \u00e0 l&rsquo;adresse <a href=\"mailto:l.deakin@cgiar.org\">l.deakin@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Le financement de cette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9 par la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.royalsociety.org.nz\/programmes\/funds\/marsden\/\" target=\"_blank\">bourse Marsden de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 royale de la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande<\/a>. Les recherches du CIFOR sur les liens entre les for\u00eats et l&rsquo;agriculture s&rsquo;inscrivent dans le cadre du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l&rsquo;agroforesterie<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Si l&rsquo;on ne tient pas compte de l&rsquo;impact des produits agricoles \u00e9pandus sur terres cultiv\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re intensive et d\u00e9bordant sur les zones limitrophes, cela risque d&rsquo;avoir des cons\u00e9quences graves sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des sols, selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude. Cette recherche men\u00e9e dans le district de Waipa sur l&rsquo;\u00eele du nord de la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":27907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1072],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12250],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3109,5560,5561,5562,3112,3288],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[1942],"class_list":["post-28712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landscapes","language-francais","location-new-zealand","tag-francais-agriculture","tag-francais-fertilisants","tag-francais-liz-deakin","tag-francais-nouvelle-zelande","tag-francais-preservation","tag-francais-sol","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Agriculture intensive et sols forestiers : attention \u00e7a d\u00e9borde ! - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/28712\/le-grand-deversement-lagriculture-intensive-altere-les-sols-de-ce-qui-reste-de-forets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Agriculture intensive et sols forestiers : attention \u00e7a d\u00e9borde !\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si l&rsquo;on ne tient pas compte de l&rsquo;impact des produits agricoles \u00e9pandus sur terres cultiv\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re intensive et d\u00e9bordant sur les zones limitrophes, cela risque d&rsquo;avoir des cons\u00e9quences graves sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des sols, selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude. Cette recherche men\u00e9e dans le district de Waipa sur l&rsquo;\u00eele du nord de la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/28712\/le-grand-deversement-lagriculture-intensive-altere-les-sols-de-ce-qui-reste-de-forets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-05-26T11:53:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-11-05T07:25:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/49.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Virginia M. 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