{"id":27925,"date":"2015-04-16T22:24:37","date_gmt":"2015-04-16T15:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=27925"},"modified":"2015-09-30T16:41:52","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T09:41:52","slug":"la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27925\/la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo","title":{"rendered":"La chasse aux ressources cr\u00e9e des tensions dans les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res du Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_27174\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27174\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Beyond-Timber.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27174 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Beyond-Timber-500x333.jpg\" alt=\"Hunters in the Tumba-Ledima Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo. A study has examined tension among different groups of forest users in Central Africa. Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR photo\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Beyond-Timber.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Beyond-Timber-220x147.jpg 220w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Beyond-Timber-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Beyond-Timber-438x292.jpg 438w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chasseurs de la R\u00e9serve de Tumba-Ledima en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Une \u00e9tude a examin\u00e9 la tension qui existe entre les diff\u00e9rents groupes d&rsquo;usagers de la for\u00eat en Afrique Centrale. Photo\u00a0: Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">YAOUND<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00c9, Cameroun \u2013 Avant, l&rsquo;histoire \u00e9tait simple : les communaut\u00e9s rurales des pays tropicaux luttaient contre les entreprises d&rsquo;exploitations foresti\u00e8re pour les ressources foresti\u00e8res dans une concurrence st\u00e9rile. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Mais ces dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la gestion de la for\u00eat \u00e0 usages multiples est devenue un moyen de relier les pr\u00e9cieuses ressources des arbres \u00e0 des besoins tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9s, au-del\u00e0 du bois. Des programmes de gestion prenant en compte des diff\u00e9rentes utilisations de la for\u00eat ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place dans certaines zones du Bassin du Congo. Dans la deuxi\u00e8me r\u00e9gion foresti\u00e8re tropicale la plus importante au monde, les populations d\u00e9pendent lourdement des <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/corporate\/factSheet\/NTFP.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL)<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> alors que plus de <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/7982\/well-managed-logging-concession-areas-could-boost-redd-carbon-stocks-in-congo-basin\">40 % du bassin de 200 millions d&rsquo;hectares<\/a> <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">est allou\u00e9 \u00e0 des baux commerciaux forestiers. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Mais comment ces programmes fonctionnent-ils en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Cette question a \u00e9t\u00e9 la base d&rsquo;une vaste enqu\u00eate men\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs du Gabon, du Cameroun, de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et du <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> (CIFOR) dans le cadre du projet de recherche \u00ab R\u00e9concilier les besoins de l&rsquo;industrie foresti\u00e8re et des personnes d\u00e9pendantes des for\u00eats \u00bb ou \u00ab <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bioversityinternational.org\/news\/detail\/tapping-into-congo-basins-forest-foods-for-increased-nutrition-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Au-del\u00e0 du bois<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> \u00bb men\u00e9 par <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bioversityinternational.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Bioversity International<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Les chercheurs ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 comment att\u00e9nuer ou pr\u00e9venir les sources de tensions potentielles ou existantes entre les diff\u00e9rents groupes d&rsquo;usagers des for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique centrale.<\/p>\n<h4 lang=\"fr-FR\">PLUS DE DEMANDE EN PFNL, MOINS D&rsquo;ARBRES<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Les premiers r\u00e9sultats, qui seront bient\u00f4t publi\u00e9s, montrent que les communaut\u00e9s sont de plus en plus en concurrence et doivent travailler plus dur pour collecter leurs ressources.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">L&rsquo;\u00e9tude indique que les personnes doivent maintenant parcourir en moyenne six kilom\u00e8tres dans une zone foresti\u00e8re pour r\u00e9colter les PFNL. Cela est en partie d\u00fb \u00e0 la croissance d\u00e9mographique, qui renforce la demande et la pression sur les PFNL, alors que l&rsquo;offre d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres produisant ces PFNL demeure constante, voire diminue quand les for\u00eats sont d\u00e9frich\u00e9es ou exploit\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Ces facteurs peuvent provoquer des tensions, selon les chercheurs. Comme davantage de personnes r\u00e9coltent les produits forestiers non-ligneux et que les agriculteurs coupent et br\u00fblent des for\u00eats dans les concessions foresti\u00e8res \u00e0 un rythme effr\u00e9n\u00e9, de nombreux PFNL deviennent de plus en plus rares et les personnes doivent aller de plus en plus loin pour les trouver, expliquent-ils. <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Alors que les entreprises abattent des arbres \u00e0 la recherche du profit, la plupart des m\u00e9nages cherchent des PFNL pour leur survie, pour nourrir leur famille ou pour les vendre sur des petits march\u00e9s. Guillaume Lescuyer, scientifique du CIFOR et du <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cirad.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Centre de coop\u00e9ration internationale en recherche agronomique pour le d\u00e9veloppement <\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">(CIRAD), explique que cette situation peut cr\u00e9er des frictions entre les entreprises foresti\u00e8res et les communaut\u00e9s rurales. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">M\u00eame si les lois foresti\u00e8res interdisent l&rsquo;agriculture au sein des concessions foresti\u00e8res, il existe souvent des enclaves actives \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur. Ni les propri\u00e9taires des concessions ni les gouvernements ne parviennent \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler cette situation.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Lescuyer n&rsquo;y voit pas de solution \u00e0 court terme. Il estime qu&rsquo;il faut am\u00e9liorer la l\u00e9gislation foresti\u00e8re et la gouvernance pour qu&rsquo;elles tiennent compte des besoins et des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res tout en tenant compte des entreprises. \u00ab Les actions entreprises par les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res pour am\u00e9liorer le bien-\u00eatre des communaut\u00e9s rurales ont souvent des effets insuffisants et superficiels \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n<h4 lang=\"fr-FR\">LA VALEUR D&rsquo;UNE CHENILLE<\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Comme le note <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bioversityinternational.org\/news\/detail\/tapping-into-congo-basins-forest-foods-for-increased-nutrition-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Bioversity<\/a>, les PFNL comme les noix sauvages, les fruits et les feuilles sont n\u00e9glig\u00e9s par les directives des politiques nutritionnelles des gouvernements du Cameroun, du Gabon et de la RDC. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"zxx\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Il faudrait changer cela, selon Judith Ngondi Laure, professeur de biochimie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun. Elle explique qu&rsquo;il faudrait collecter plus de donn\u00e9es sur la valeur nutritive des aliments de la for\u00eat. \u00ab C&rsquo;est important de promouvoir la consommation de produits forestiers non-ligneux, pas seulement pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, mais aussi pour le bien-\u00eatre global des populations rurales et urbaine \u00bb, dit-elle. <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les chercheurs insistent sur la valeur mon\u00e9taire que les PFNL peuvent avoir sur la dur\u00e9e : sur la dur\u00e9e de vie de l&rsquo;arbre, ils deviennent plus pr\u00e9cieux que son bois en tant que tel. Selon la recherche prochainement publi\u00e9e de Biodiversity, sur le march\u00e9 congolais les chenilles r\u00e9colt\u00e9es sur tout au long de la vie des arbres Tali (<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Erythrophleum suaveolens) et Sapelii (Entandrophragma cylindricum) valent respectivement 34 et 13 fois plus que le revenu qui pourrait \u00eatre tir\u00e9 de la coupe de ces arbres pour leur bois. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">La plupart des lois qui r\u00e9gissent les for\u00eats se concentrent d&rsquo;abord sur l&rsquo;exploitation du bois, \u00e9clipsant les avantages p\u00e9cuniaires et les valeurs culturelles que les PFNL apportent aux communaut\u00e9s rurales. On accorde peu d&rsquo;attention \u00e0 la contribution que pourraient apporter des r\u00e9coltes officialis\u00e9es aux caisses de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour une gestion durable des paysages forestiers du Bassin du Congo, il faudrait des efforts collaboratifs et concert\u00e9s, que les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res et les gouvernements travaillent tous ensemble pour pr\u00e9venir les conflits qui pourraient mener \u00e0 davantage de d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour plus d&rsquo;information sur ces recherches, veuillez contacter <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Guillaume Lescuyer sur <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"mailto:g.lescuyer@cgiar.org\">g.lescuyer@cgiar.org<\/a> ou <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Julius Tieguhong sur <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"mailto:j.tieguhong@cgiar.org\">j.tieguhong@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le projet \u00ab R\u00e9concilier les besoins de l&rsquo;industrie foresti\u00e8re et des personnes d\u00e9pendantes des for\u00eats \u00bb (Au-del\u00e0 du bois) est men\u00e9 par Bioversity International et il est financ\u00e9 par le Fonds pour la for\u00eat du Bassin du Congo et le <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>YAOUND\u00c9, Cameroun \u2013 Avant, l&rsquo;histoire \u00e9tait simple : les communaut\u00e9s rurales des pays tropicaux luttaient contre les entreprises d&rsquo;exploitations foresti\u00e8re pour les ressources foresti\u00e8res dans une concurrence st\u00e9rile. Mais ces dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la gestion de la for\u00eat \u00e0 usages multiples est devenue un moyen de relier les pr\u00e9cieuses ressources des arbres \u00e0 des besoins [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":154,"featured_media":27174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[161,188,95],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12246,12258],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[5573,3436,3110,5652,2992,3258,3114,5606,5653,5305,5654,3429,5655],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[1703],"class_list":["post-27925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deforestation","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","language-francais","location-africa","location-democratic-republic-of-congo","tag-francais-abattage","tag-francais-afrique-centrale","tag-francais-biodiversite","tag-francais-bioversity-international","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-cirad","tag-francais-gestion-forestiere","tag-francais-guillaume-lescuyer","tag-francais-judith-ngondi-laure","tag-francais-produits-forestiers-non-ligneux","tag-francais-republique-democratique-du-congo","tag-francais-securite-alimentaire","tag-francais-universite-de-yaounde","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La chasse aux ressources cr\u00e9e des tensions dans les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res du Congo - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27925\/la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La chasse aux ressources cr\u00e9e des tensions dans les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res du Congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"YAOUND\u00c9, Cameroun \u2013 Avant, l&rsquo;histoire \u00e9tait simple : les communaut\u00e9s rurales des pays tropicaux luttaient contre les entreprises d&rsquo;exploitations foresti\u00e8re pour les ressources foresti\u00e8res dans une concurrence st\u00e9rile. Mais ces dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la gestion de la for\u00eat \u00e0 usages multiples est devenue un moyen de relier les pr\u00e9cieuses ressources des arbres \u00e0 des besoins [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27925\/la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-04-16T15:24:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-09-30T09:41:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Beyond-Timber.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fai Collins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27925\\\/la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27925\\\/la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fai Collins\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8b0638edb0c62a463607ca6c0545998c\"},\"headline\":\"La chasse aux ressources cr\u00e9e des tensions dans les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res du Congo\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-04-16T15:24:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-09-30T09:41:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27925\\\/la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo\"},\"wordCount\":1062,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27925\\\/la-chasse-aux-ressources-cree-des-tensions-dans-les-communautes-forestieres-du-congo#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/03\\\/Beyond-Timber.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Deforestation\",\"Food &amp; 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