{"id":27866,"date":"2015-04-14T18:02:04","date_gmt":"2015-04-14T11:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=27866"},"modified":"2015-09-30T16:38:09","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T09:38:09","slug":"gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27866\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut","title":{"rendered":"Gardiens des for\u00eats : quoi de neuf\u00a0l\u00e0-haut ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Pemantauan<\/a>
La surveillance du couvert forestier et de ses pertes entre 2001 et 2002 a permis d’obtenir de nouvelles donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9cieuses. Photo : Vahur Puik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La publication de nouvelles donn\u00e9es sur les for\u00eats mondiales est toujours une bonne occasion de mettre \u00e0 jour les analyses des tendances mondiales, r\u00e9gionales et nationales. C’est exactement ce que vient de faire <\/span>Global Forest Watch (GFW)<\/span><\/a>. Comme promis, nous disposons d\u00e9sormais de la premi\u00e8re mise \u00e0 jour annuelle des donn\u00e9es sur le couvert arboricole mondial, bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es satellites de 30×30 m\u00e8tres. Les donn\u00e9es originales de cette s\u00e9rie, publi\u00e9es par <\/span>Hansen et al.<\/span><\/a> et couvrant la p\u00e9riode 2001-2012, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 largement utilis\u00e9es au cours des 18 derniers mois. Elles ont donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 un <\/span>d\u00e9bat<\/span><\/a> intense sur la validit\u00e9 des tendances \u00e9voqu\u00e9es et sur la signification des changements observ\u00e9s dans le temps par les donn\u00e9es de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sur son blog<\/span><\/a>, GFW indique une augmentation continue de la perte du couvert forestier, principalement en raison des pertes accrues dans la r\u00e9gion bor\u00e9ale, tandis que d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions affichent moins de pertes. L’Indon\u00e9sie se distingue par une forte baisse des pertes entre 2012 et 2013, ce qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des commentaires relatifs aux politiques dans <\/span>cet article du WRI<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

GFW est clair : les donn\u00e9es montrent le couvert forestier et ses pertes (alias \u00ab detreecoverization \u00bb). Cette am\u00e9lioration de la terminologie est la bienvenue parce que les expressions \u00ab perte de for\u00eat \u00bb et de \u00ab changement de la for\u00eat \u00bb utilis\u00e9es par Hansen et al. de pour le m\u00eame type de r\u00e9sultats portaient \u00e0 confusion. Beaucoup d’arbres (ou de palmiers ou de bambous) se trouvent en dehors des for\u00eats. En outre, les peuplements forestiers peuvent parfois vivre temporairement peu d\u2019arbres ou alors des arbres tr\u00e8s petits.<\/span><\/p>\n

GFW est \u00e9galement clair sur le fait qu\u2019aucun r\u00e9sultat sur le \u00ab gain du couvert forestier \u00bb n\u2019est fourni, puisque ces tendances sont trop lentes et progressives pour \u00eatre retenues par la mise \u00e0 jour des donn\u00e9es. Cela signifie que nous pouvons seulement consid\u00e9rer les pertes. Cet ensemble de donn\u00e9es ne nous permet pas de relativiser ces pertes par les gains li\u00e9s \u00e0 la plantation ou la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle des arbres et des for\u00eats.<\/span><\/p>\n

REGARDER LES DONN\u00c9ES DE PLUS PR\u00c8S<\/span><\/h4>\n

Il faut f\u00e9liciter GFW pour son acc\u00e8s ouvert aux nouvelles donn\u00e9es, y compris <\/span>des statistiques relatives aux pays<\/span><\/a>. Je n\u2019ai pas pu r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la tentation d\u2019examiner ces chiffres. Notez que ci-dessous, j\u2019utilise les donn\u00e9es pour un seuil de 30 % de couvert forestier.<\/span><\/p>\n

J\u2019ai d’abord regard\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es de mon propre pays, la Su\u00e8de, et je les ai compar\u00e9es <\/span>aux statistiques foresti\u00e8res officielles de l’Inventaire forestier national<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les statistiques officielles indiquent un abattage total de 183 000 ha en 2013, ce qui est tr\u00e8s proche des 182 618 ha de pertes du couvert forestier rapport\u00e9s par GFW pour la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e. Cependant, GFW n’a pas retenu l\u2019abattage des arbres dans des pour l’\u00e9claircissage sur plus de 394 000 ha en 2013. Cela semble indiquer une limite des donn\u00e9es de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection puisque la plupart de ces op\u00e9rations d’\u00e9claircissage enl\u00e8vent 10-30 % du couvert forestier et constituent une partie importante des \u00ab pertes d’arbres \u00bb en Su\u00e8de. En outre, puisque les gains en couvert forestier ne sont pas inclus, les r\u00e9sultats du GFW sont biais\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n

Selon les statistiques de <\/span>l’Inventaire national su\u00e9dois des for\u00eats<\/span><\/a>, la croissance de tous les arbres en 2013 \u00e9tait de 109 Mm<\/span>3<\/span>, alors que leur suppression repr\u00e9sentait 86 Mm<\/span>3<\/span>, donc un gain net de 23 Mm<\/span>3<\/span> en stock arboricole sur cette ann\u00e9e. En d’autres termes, environ 1 % du couvert forestier su\u00e9dois a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 en 2013 et les 99 % restants ont plus que compens\u00e9 les pertes par la croissance des arbres. Pourtant, la Su\u00e8de est class\u00e9e 13<\/span>\u00e8me<\/span> dans le classement mondial du GFW concernant la perte de couvert forestier par pays.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toutefois, l’exemple ci-dessus est relatif \u00e0 un pays ayant des conditions bor\u00e9ales \/ temp\u00e9r\u00e9es, une gestion et un suivi forestiers bien \u00e9tablis, et une pression tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e sur les for\u00eats par d\u2019autres utilisations des terres. <\/span><\/p>\n

Alors, que peut-on apprendre des nouvelles donn\u00e9es sur les for\u00eats tropicales ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est normalement difficile de tirer des conclusions sur les tendances \u00e0 partir d’une mise \u00e0 jour sur un an dans une s\u00e9rie de donn\u00e9es de longue date. Cependant, comme les donn\u00e9es du GFW disposent d\u2019une couverture compl\u00e8te et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 standardis\u00e9es au fil du temps, il est utile de consid\u00e9rer les chiffres de 2013 pour les comparer aux r\u00e9sultats ant\u00e9rieurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

J\u2019ai examin\u00e9 les pays des r\u00e9gions tropicales (note : il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019une distinction claire puisque les pays peuvent avoir un m\u00e9lange de for\u00eats tropicales, subtropicales et m\u00eame temp\u00e9r\u00e9es). Lorsque l’on divise ces pays en trois grandes r\u00e9gions, les totaux suivants \u00e9mergent :<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/th>\nAm\u00e9rique\u00a0 Latine<\/th>\nAfrique<\/th>\nAsie-Pacifique<\/th>\nTotal tropiques<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Perte du couvert forestier\u00a0en 2013 (Mha)<\/td>\n3.3<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n7.8*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Perte du couvert forestier\u00a0en 2013 compar\u00e9 \u00e0\u00a0la perte moyenne de 2001-2012 (%)<\/td>\n71<\/td>\n161<\/td>\n91<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Part de la perte du couvert forestier tropical en 2013, (%)<\/td>\n43<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Part de la perte du couvert forestier tropical en\u00a02001-2012 (%)<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

* Le chiffre du GFW de la perte du couvert forestier tropical en 2013 est de 8,1 Mha <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>ici<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>, probablement due \u00e0 une d\u00e9limitation infranationale plus pr\u00e9cise de la zone tropicale. Cette diff\u00e9rence ne devrait pas affecter de mani\u00e8re significative les conclusions faites ici.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Le tableau ci-dessus confirme que les pertes totales de 7,8 Mha du couvert forestier tropical en 2013 sont l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inf\u00e9rieures (92 %) \u00e0 la moyenne de 2001 \u00e0 2012. Il confirme \u00e9galement que l’Am\u00e9rique latine continue d’\u00eatre la r\u00e9gion ayant le plus haut taux de perte de couvert forestier tropical.<\/span><\/p>\n

LES TENDANCES : PERTES ET GAINS<\/span><\/h4>\n

Deux tendances fortes sont \u00e9galement \u00e9videntes. Les pertes sont en baisse en Am\u00e9rique latine et en forte hausse en Afrique. L\u2019utilisation d\u2019une moyenne sur trois ans donne un r\u00e9sultat similaire.<\/span><\/p>\n

La tendance en Afrique tropicale est pr\u00e9occupante et n\u00e9cessite une analyse plus approfondie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le tableau ci-dessus indique \u00e9galement que la d\u00e9forestation tropicale concernait au plus 7,8 Mha en 2013. Nous ne connaissons pas la part de ce chiffre qui est constitu\u00e9e de pertes d’arbres non forestiers ou de pertes foresti\u00e8res temporaires ; aucune des deux \u00e9tant class\u00e9e comme d\u00e9forestation. D’autre part, on peut supposer que peu d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements de d\u00e9forestation manquent dans ce jeu de donn\u00e9es complet du couvert forestier qui indique un maximum de d\u00e9forestation sur 7,8 Mha en 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

En plus d’\u00eatre plus bas que les donn\u00e9es, directement comparables, de 2001 \u00e0 2012 du GFW, ce niveau est \u00e9galement nettement inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui indiqu\u00e9 dans <\/span>l’Evaluation des ressources foresti\u00e8res 2010<\/span><\/a> (13 Mha \/ an de 2000 \u00e0 2010 principalement dans les tropiques), <\/span>l\u2019Enqu\u00eate mondiale par t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection du FRA 2012<\/span><\/a> (11 Mha \/ an de 2000 \u00e0 2005 dans les tropiques) et le <\/span>FRA 2000<\/span><\/a> ant\u00e9rieur (14,2 Mha \/ an de 1990 \u00e0 2000 dans les tropiques). Davantage de recherches sont n\u00e9cessaires pour d\u00e9terminer si cela est d\u00fb \u00e0 des diff\u00e9rences de donn\u00e9es ou si cela repr\u00e9sente une tendance r\u00e9elle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Notez qu’aucun des chiffres ci-dessus ne comprend les gains du couvert forestier li\u00e9s \u00e0 la plantation, la restauration ou l’expansion naturelle. Le changement de la superficie foresti\u00e8re nette est rapport\u00e9 par le FRA et se situe \u00e0 – 5,6 Mha \/ an de 2000 \u00e0 2005 (FRA 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

GFW prend clairement la surveillance mondiale des for\u00eats \u00e0 un nouveau niveau. Le gain le plus important qu\u2019apporte l’ensemble de donn\u00e9es du GFW est la coh\u00e9rence dans le temps et dans l’espace, ainsi que la couverture compl\u00e8te. Le plus grand inconv\u00e9nient reste le manque de pr\u00e9cisions des donn\u00e9es de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, qui ne permet pas de faire des classifications foresti\u00e8res fiables ou des estimations coh\u00e9rentes des changements graduels ou partiels du couvert forestier.<\/span><\/p>\n

Continuez votre excellent travail !<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La publication de nouvelles donn\u00e9es sur les for\u00eats mondiales est toujours une bonne occasion de mettre \u00e0 jour les analyses des tendances mondiales, r\u00e9gionales et nationales. C’est exactement ce que vient de faire Global Forest Watch (GFW). Comme promis, nous disposons d\u00e9sormais de la premi\u00e8re mise \u00e0 jour annuelle des donn\u00e9es sur le couvert arboricole […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":27717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[5573,3408,5521,3080,5400,5583,5303,5600,5657],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2965],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-27866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","language-francais","location-global","tag-francais-abattage","tag-francais-approche-paysagere","tag-francais-cartographie","tag-francais-deforestation","tag-francais-global-forest-watch","tag-francais-monde","tag-francais-reforestation","tag-francais-technologie","tag-francais-teledetection","type-francais-chronique-du-dg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGardiens des for\u00eats : quoi de neuf\u00a0l\u00e0-haut ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27866\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gardiens des for\u00eats : quoi de neuf\u00a0l\u00e0-haut ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La publication de nouvelles donn\u00e9es sur les for\u00eats mondiales est toujours une bonne occasion de mettre \u00e0 jour les analyses des tendances mondiales, r\u00e9gionales et nationales. C’est exactement ce que vient de faire Global Forest Watch (GFW). Comme promis, nous disposons d\u00e9sormais de la premi\u00e8re mise \u00e0 jour annuelle des donn\u00e9es sur le couvert arboricole […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27866\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-04-14T11:02:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-09-30T09:38:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/3480730859_3eec7168e9_b.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"685\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Peter Holmgren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Peter Holmgren\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4c6a8d0ab7b85160a0d57a15381a8122\"},\"headline\":\"Gardiens des for\u00eats : quoi de neuf\u00a0l\u00e0-haut ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-04-14T11:02:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-09-30T09:38:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut\"},\"wordCount\":1383,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/04\\\/3480730859_3eec7168e9_b.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change & energy\",\"Deforestation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2015\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut\",\"name\":\"Gardiens des for\u00eats : quoi de neuf\u00a0l\u00e0-haut ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/04\\\/3480730859_3eec7168e9_b.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-04-14T11:02:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-09-30T09:38:09+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/27866\\\/gardiens-des-forets-quoi-de-neuf-la-haut#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/04\\\/3480730859_3eec7168e9_b.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/04\\\/3480730859_3eec7168e9_b.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":685,\"caption\":\"El monitoreo de la cobertura forestal y su p\u00e9rdida para el periodo 2001-2012 brinda importantes nuevos datos. 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