{"id":27048,"date":"2015-03-04T23:32:19","date_gmt":"2015-03-04T16:32:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=27048"},"modified":"2015-09-30T20:55:09","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T13:55:09","slug":"une-boite-a-outils-pour-faire-face-aux-effets-imminents-du-changement-climatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27048\/une-boite-a-outils-pour-faire-face-aux-effets-imminents-du-changement-climatique","title":{"rendered":"Une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils pour faire face aux effets imminents du changement climatique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gyq7jOalBDc?rel=0\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">LIMA, P\u00e9rou \u2014 Il faut agir, et vite. Les d\u00e9fis imminents li\u00e9es au changement climatique imposent aux responsables de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire et aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques de pr\u00e9voir les cons\u00e9quences probables et de mettre en \u0153uvre des plans d&rsquo;adaptation, au moins dix ans avant que les pires effets apparaissent. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Avec plus de donn\u00e9es et d&rsquo;outils &#8211; de meilleure qualit\u00e9 &#8211; pour \u00e9tudier les sc\u00e9narios futurs, les responsables pourraient prendre des d\u00e9cisions sur l&rsquo;utilisation des terres, justifier les investissements et \u00e9laborer des strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;adaptation au changement climatique r\u00e9pondant aux Objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable post 2015, selon des <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">chercheurs qui se sont exprim\u00e9s lors d\u2019une <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/glf-2014\/agenda-item\/day-1-dec-6\/keynotes-in-town-hall-meeting\/looking-beyond-2015-role-knowledge-products-tools-achieving-sustainable-management-landscapes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">table ronde<\/a> au <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/a> \u00e0 Lima en 2014<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">En marge de la conf\u00e9rence annuelle des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique, le forum a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9 par le Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), le Programme des Nations Unies pour l&rsquo;environnement (PNUE) et l&rsquo;Organisation des Nations Unies pour l&rsquo;alimentation et l&rsquo;agriculture (FAO). Il a attir\u00e9 plus de 1 700 personnes de 90 pays, dont des n\u00e9gociateurs nationaux sur le climat, des ministres, des PDG, des chefs autochtones, des leaders issus de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et des chercheurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;information, d\u2019\u00e9tudes et d\u2019analyses sur le Forum mondial sur les paysages rendez-vous sur : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/lima\">forestsnews.cifor.org\/lima<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[slideshare id=42620886&amp;doc=01rodrigolima-141211153756-conversion-gate02]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CIFOR\/decision-support-tools-for-sustainable-and-climate-resilient-agriculture-the-case-of-brazil\" target=\"_blank\">Outils d\u2019aide aux d\u00e9cisions pour une agriculture durable et r\u00e9siliente face au climat : le cas du Br\u00e9sil<\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> par le<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CIFOR\" target=\"_blank\">Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR)<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">PR\u00c9VISION DES IMPACTS<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">En utilisant le mod\u00e8le br\u00e9silien d&rsquo;utilisation des terres (ou BLUM, <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Brazilian Land Use Model<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">), les responsables de ce pays ont combin\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es hydrom\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, spatiales et \u00e9conomiques pour pr\u00e9dire les changements induits par le climat dans la production agricole et animale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le BLUM leur a permis <a href=\"http:\/\/www.profor.info\/node\/2061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">d&rsquo;explorer des sc\u00e9narios futurs de base, pessimistes et optimistes,<\/a> au niveau r\u00e9gional, explique Rodrigo Lima, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u2019AGROICONE, un cabinet br\u00e9silien de consultants sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;agriculture, l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et la durabilit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">En faisant la pr\u00e9vision des changements de la productivit\u00e9 des p\u00e2turages, du ma\u00efs et du soja entre 2010 et 2030, ils ont constat\u00e9 les terres agricoles de premi\u00e8re qualit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re au sud du pays pourraient diminuer de 35 millions d&rsquo;hectares \u00e0 27 ou 29 millions d\u2019hectares.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Entre 2020 et 2030, m\u00eame les terres agricoles encourant peu de risques climatiques dans le sud pourraient diminuer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Le r\u00e9sultat est pertinent sur le plan spatial et a des implications politiques majeures pour le Br\u00e9sil \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Erick Fernandes, conseiller en agriculture au Groupe de la Banque mondiale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Dans l&rsquo;ensemble, le pays pourrait perdre jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 10 millions de ses 60 millions d\u2019hectares de terres cultiv\u00e9es, selon M. Lima.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Une perte des terres agricoles risque de faire augmenter les prix des produits agricoles. La part de l&rsquo;agriculture dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie du pays pourrait doubler au cours de la prochaine d\u00e9cennie. Une bonne nouvelle pour les agriculteurs, mais une mauvaise nouvelle pour les consommateurs, qui subiraient la hausse des prix alimentaires. Selon M. Lima, ceci pourrait \u00e9galement aboutir \u00e0 une intensification de la d\u00e9forestation pour convertir plus de terres en cultures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les responsables doivent non seulement tenir compte des impacts nationaux, mais \u00e9galement des effets locaux et r\u00e9gionaux sur la pauvret\u00e9 et les moyens de subsistance, et sur les petits agriculteurs. Certains pourraient \u00eatre att\u00e9nu\u00e9s par une utilisation intensive des p\u00e2turages ou en d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant les cultures dans une autre zone, mais ces mesures d&rsquo;adaptation n\u00e9cessitent une planification et des mesures politiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le d\u00e9fi r\u00e9side dans la transformation des terres cultiv\u00e9es et des p\u00e2turages d\u00e9grad\u00e9s, sources de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, en des syst\u00e8mes agricoles diversifi\u00e9s et dynamiques servant de puits de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, d\u00e9clare M. Fernandes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab On peut le faire \u00bb, dit-il, mais \u00ab la mise en place demande une \u00e0 deux d\u00e9cennies. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[slideshare id=42620532&amp;doc=01erickc-141211152435-conversion-gate02]<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CIFOR\/climate-change-impacts-on-brazilian-agriculture-to-2030\" target=\"_blank\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Impacts du changement climatique sur l&rsquo;agriculture br\u00e9silienne d\u2019ici 2030<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> par le <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CIFOR\" target=\"_blank\">Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR)<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">MISSION : RESTAURATION<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le d\u00e9fi mondial qui consiste \u00e0 restaurer 150 millions d&rsquo;hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es d\u2019ici 2020, et 350 millions d\u2019ici 2030, en plus de l&rsquo;objectif latino-am\u00e9ricain de restaurer 20 millions d&rsquo;hectares d&rsquo;ici 2020, cr\u00e9e des opportunit\u00e9s pour relier les financements multilat\u00e9raux \u00e0 la restauration, d\u00e9clare Patrick Wiley, conseiller principal en politique foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 l&rsquo;Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">En utilisant la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.org\/about\/work\/programmes\/forest\/fp_our_work\/fp_our_work_thematic\/fp_our_work_flr\/approach_to_forest_landscape_restoration\/restoration_opportunities_assessment_methodology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">M\u00e9thode d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des possibilit\u00e9s de restauration (ROAM, Restoration Opportunity Assessment Methodology)<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"fr-FR\">, les responsables peuvent identifier les meilleurs endroits \u00e0 restaurer ainsi que les meilleures strat\u00e9gies pour garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et l&rsquo;approvisionnement en eau, affirme M. Wiley.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Cet outil leur permet d\u2019identifier les principaux probl\u00e8mes caus\u00e9s par la d\u00e9gradation des terres. Par la suite, ils peuvent fixer des objectifs et rencontrer des groupes d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat pour d\u00e9terminer les types de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et les actions de restauration les plus faciles \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser, quantifier les co\u00fbts et les avantages, estimer la valeur du carbone s\u00e9questr\u00e9 dans le paysage et d\u2019analyser les options de financement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Selon M. Wiley, un outil tel que ROAM aide les responsables de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire \u00e0 justifier leur investissement pour la restauration des terres, en particulier en ce qui concerne les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices locaux tels que la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019emplois qui en r\u00e9sultent.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">COMBLER LE\u00a0MANQUE\u00a0DE DONN\u00c9ES<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les politiques efficaces de gestion des terres et des for\u00eats requi\u00e8rent une base solide de donn\u00e9es. Le r\u00e9seau <\/span><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/pen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Poverty and Environment Network (PEN)<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> vise \u00e0 combler les lacunes de donn\u00e9es. En faisant des enqu\u00eates aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages, les chercheurs ont recueilli des donn\u00e9es provenant de plus de 50 sites d&rsquo;\u00e9tude dans 24 pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement dans les zones tropicales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab La question cl\u00e9 de ces recherches est de savoir dans quelle mesure les for\u00eats et les ressources environnementales non cultiv\u00e9es contribuent aux revenus des m\u00e9nages \u00bb, explique Sven Wunder, directeur de recherche au CIFOR qui coordonne le projet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les sites d&rsquo;\u00e9tude ont \u00e9t\u00e9 choisis pour repr\u00e9senter une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de r\u00e9gions g\u00e9ographiques, d\u2019infrastructures, de densit\u00e9 d\u00e9mographique, de types forestiers, de r\u00e9gimes fonciers, de niveaux de pauvret\u00e9 et d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les donn\u00e9es montrent que 22 % des revenus des m\u00e9nages proviennent des for\u00eats et 6,4 % d&rsquo;autres ressources extractives. Combin\u00e9s, ces chiffres sont presque \u00e9quivalents \u00e0 ceux des revenus tir\u00e9s de l\u2019agriculture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les bureaux de statistique peuvent utiliser ces donn\u00e9es pour d\u00e9velopper une image plus pr\u00e9cise des impacts environnementaux sur les revenus des m\u00e9nages ruraux, propose M. Wunder. Les donn\u00e9es du PEN peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre combin\u00e9es avec des donn\u00e9es climatiques afin d\u2019identifier des tendances et aider \u00e0 planifier des projets de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions issues de la d\u00e9forestation et de la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats (REDD+).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le CIFOR travaille actuellement avec la FAO, la Banque mondiale et d&rsquo;autres organisations sur le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un module de foresterie pour le PEN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ces outils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s dans le cadre de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/forests\/pdf\/session_documents\/unff10\/sideevents\/iucn1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">KNOWFOR<\/a>, un effort conjoint du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR), de l&rsquo;Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN) et du programme Profor de la Banque mondiale.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LIMA, P\u00e9rou \u2014 Il faut agir, et vite. Les d\u00e9fis imminents li\u00e9es au changement climatique imposent aux responsables de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire et aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques de pr\u00e9voir les cons\u00e9quences probables et de mettre en \u0153uvre des plans d&rsquo;adaptation, au moins dix ans avant que les pires effets apparaissent. Avec plus de donn\u00e9es et d&rsquo;outils [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":26075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3305,5904,5912,3407,5911,5905,3209,5909,5583,12356,5906,5907,5910,12362,3196,5303,5903,5908,3222],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[12381],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-27048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","language-francais","location-global","tag-francais-adaptation","tag-francais-agroicone","tag-francais-amenagement-du-territoire","tag-francais-banque-mondiale","tag-francais-brazilian-land-use-model","tag-francais-erick-fernandes","tag-francais-global-landscapes-forum-2014","tag-francais-knowfor","tag-francais-monde","tag-francais-organisation-des-nations-unies-pour-lalimentation-et-lagriculture","tag-francais-patrick-wiley","tag-francais-poverty-environment-network","tag-francais-profor","tag-francais-programme-des-nations-unies-pour-lenvironnement","tag-francais-redd","tag-francais-reforestation","tag-francais-rodrigo-lima","tag-francais-sven-wunder","tag-francais-union-internationale-pour-la-conservation-de-la-nature","type-francais-couverture-devenement"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils pour faire face aux effets imminents du changement climatique - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/27048\/une-boite-a-outils-pour-faire-face-aux-effets-imminents-du-changement-climatique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils pour faire face aux effets imminents du changement climatique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LIMA, P\u00e9rou \u2014 Il faut agir, et vite. 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