{"id":26960,"date":"2015-02-27T23:15:08","date_gmt":"2015-02-27T16:15:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=26960"},"modified":"2015-09-30T21:02:38","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T14:02:38","slug":"aires-protegees-havre-de-biodiversite-et-puits-de-carbone-sous-une-meme-canopee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26960\/aires-protegees-havre-de-biodiversite-et-puits-de-carbone-sous-une-meme-canopee","title":{"rendered":"Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es : havre de biodiversit\u00e9 et puits de carbone sous une m\u00eame canop\u00e9e ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_26175\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26175\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/RS28403-031-NC.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26175 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/RS28403-031-NC-500x330.jpg\" alt=\"Hutan Kamerun. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan kapasitas besar hutan terlindung di negara Afrika Tengah menjadi tempat kaya keragaman hayati serta sekuestrasi karbon tingkat tinggi. Terry Sunderland\/Foto CIFOR \" width=\"500\" height=\"330\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26175\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une for\u00eat au Cameroun. De nouvelles recherches d\u00e9montrent la capacit\u00e9 importante des for\u00eats prot\u00e9g\u00e9es dans ce pays d&rsquo;Afrique centrale \u00e0 h\u00e9berger une grande diversit\u00e9 biologique, tout en assurant un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de s\u00e9questration du carbone. Photo : Terry Sunderland\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Quand un biologiste voit une for\u00eat, il pense probablement au nombre d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces qu&rsquo;elle h\u00e9berge. Lorsqu&rsquo;un climatologue voit une for\u00eat, il pense s\u00fbrement \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 de carbone qui y est stock\u00e9e. H\u00e9las, ces deux points de vue se rencontrent rarement dans le cadre politique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">De r\u00e9centes recherches men\u00e9es dans la for\u00eat de Kom-Mengam\u00e9 au sud du Cameroun indiquent pourtant que ces deux disciplines devraient converger dans les parcs nationaux, r\u00e9serves naturelles et autres zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. Il est possible d\u2019y trouver \u00e0 la fois biodiversit\u00e9 et stockage du carbone. <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es africaines stockent 49 gigatonnes de carbone, ce qui repr\u00e9sente 13,7 % du total du continent \u00bb,<\/span> <span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00e9crivent les auteurs du bilan de carbone \u00e9tabli pour Kom-Mengam\u00e9. \u00ab Il est clair que ces aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es pourraient jouer un r\u00f4le important dans l&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique, vu la grande quantit\u00e9 de carbone qu&rsquo;elles stockent, en plus des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour illustrer leur propos, les scientifiques ont \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9 plus de 1 350 parcelles dans des for\u00eats, mar\u00e9cages et champs au sein de la zone foresti\u00e8re de Kom-Mengam\u00e9. Celle-ci comprend une r\u00e9serve de gorilles et un parc national, ainsi que des zones cultiv\u00e9es par des communaut\u00e9s locales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ils ont mesur\u00e9 les arbres, puis calcul\u00e9 la quantit\u00e9 de carbone stock\u00e9e dans leurs troncs et leurs branches. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab A l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de la for\u00eat, plus le nombre d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;arbres est \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;environnement \u00e0 stocker du carbone est grande \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Evariste Fongnzossie, chercheur \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Douala et l\u2019auteur principal du rapport. Dans l&rsquo;ensemble, il on a constat\u00e9 que la for\u00eat prot\u00e9g\u00e9e et ses environs stockent environ deux fois plus de carbone que la moyenne africaine estim\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab On a souvent dit que la gestion des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es pourrait faire partie de la REDD+ \u00bb, un programme international visant \u00e0 <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre issues de la d\u00e9forestation<\/a>, d\u00e9clare Denis Sonwa, chercheur chevronn\u00e9 au Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR) et co-auteur de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du carbone faite \u00e0 Kom-Mengam\u00e9. \u00ab L&rsquo;objectif \u00e9tait de mettre des chiffres sur la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une zone prot\u00e9g\u00e9e donn\u00e9e. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">LES ZONES PROT\u00c9G\u00c9ES FONT FACE \u00c0 DE VRAIES MENACES\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les parcs et r\u00e9serves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 historiquement cr\u00e9\u00e9s pour conserver la biodiversit\u00e9, longtemps avant que les \u00e9missions de carbone ne soient devenues un enjeu international. Les d\u00e9bats se sont enflamm\u00e9s sur la question de savoir si ces zones doivent faire partie des efforts visant \u00e0 lutter contre le changement climatique. Que savons-nous sur le carbone qu&rsquo;elles stockent ? Ne sont-elles pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre la d\u00e9forestation ? L\u2019allocation de ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires fera-t-elle une diff\u00e9rence ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Les doutes sur leur inclusion sont dus \u00e0 l\u2019absence de donn\u00e9es sur le stockage du carbone dans les zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es \u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Fongnzossie. \u00ab Cette \u00e9tude d\u00e9montre que ces doutes ne sont pas justifi\u00e9s et que les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es font face \u00e0 de r\u00e9elles menaces de d\u00e9gradation. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Face \u00e0 la croissance d\u00e9mographique et \u00e0 la pression intense exerc\u00e9e sur les zones agricoles autour de nombreuses zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation faite \u00e0 Kom-Mengam\u00e9 fournit des rep\u00e8res utiles sur la performance de stockage du carbone relative selon diff\u00e9rents types d&rsquo;utilisation des terres. Les champs agricoles atteignent bien \u00e9videmment les chiffres les plus faibles. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">N\u00e9anmoins, cette \u00e9valuation sugg\u00e8re \u00e9galement des pistes pour aider les communaut\u00e9s agricoles et les r\u00e9serves naturelles \u00e0 cohabiter dans le m\u00eame paysage : les plantations de cacao cultiv\u00e9es sous des arbres stockent plus de carbone que la moyenne africaine. Toutefois, elles ne sont pas aussi efficaces que les for\u00eats naturelles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab La structure d\u2019une telle agrofor\u00eat de cacao est similaire \u00e0 celle d\u2019une for\u00eat et peut servir de zone tampon dans le cadre de la gestion d&rsquo;une aire prot\u00e9g\u00e9e \u00bb, affirme M. Sonwa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Nous donnons une id\u00e9e des transferts de carbone associ\u00e9s aux divers changements de l&rsquo;utilisation des terres. Ceci pourrait aider les gestionnaires d\u2019une aire prot\u00e9g\u00e9e \u00e0 estimer l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de son stockage de carbone \u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab LE CARBONE PEUT APPORTER UNE VALEUR AJOUT\u00c9E\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Avec de telles informations \u00e0 leur disposition, les organismes de gestion des parcs et r\u00e9serves pourraient justifier en quoi leur travail contribue \u00e0 la s\u00e9questration du carbone. Le stockage de carbone pourrait devenir un crit\u00e8re pour d\u00e9terminer les limites des nouvelles aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Puisque la for\u00eat de Kom-Mengam\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 exploit\u00e9e jusqu&rsquo;en 2002, l&rsquo;\u00e9tude met \u00e9galement en \u00e9vidence l\u2019\u00e9volution du stockage du carbone lorsqu\u2019une zone pr\u00e9alablement d\u00e9grad\u00e9e est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Le carbone pourrait apporter une valeur ajout\u00e9e aux activit\u00e9s de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 \u00bb, propose M. Sonwa. Ceci pourrait potentiellement permettre aux zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der aux fonds allou\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les n\u00e9gociations internationales ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 int\u00e9grer ces deux aspects. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un-redd.org\/Newsletter12\/REDD_for_Biodiversity_Livelihoods\/tabid\/5538\/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Les discussions sur la REDD+<\/a>, ainsi que <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbd.int\/sp\/targets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">les objectifs Aichi<\/a> fix\u00e9s par la Convention sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique, mentionnent \u00e9galement les deux aspects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Au Cameroun, o\u00f9 le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.minfof.cm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">minist\u00e8re des For\u00eats<\/a> est s\u00e9par\u00e9 du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.minep.gov.cm\/index.php?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">minist\u00e8re de l&rsquo;Environnement<\/a> en charge de la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, des approches int\u00e9gr\u00e9es pourraient \u00e9galement \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques. Mais c&rsquo;est plus facile \u00e0 dire qu&rsquo;\u00e0 faire<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">. Bien que l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation faite \u00e0 Kom-Mengam\u00e9 fournisse une image instantan\u00e9e du stockage du carbone dans une zone prot\u00e9g\u00e9e, ses auteurs reconnaissent que l&rsquo;instauration d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me continu de contr\u00f4le, de notification et de v\u00e9rification (MRV) serait une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape vers la reconnaissance de la zone comme un important puits de carbone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur ces recherches, veuillez contacter Denis Sonwa <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00e0 l\u2019adresse <a href=\"mailto:d.sonwa@cgiar.org\">d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Cette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e par l&rsquo;Institut Jane Goodall \/ Projet de la R\u00e9serve de Gorilla Mengam\u00e9 et par le Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund. <\/span>La recherche du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats et le changement climatique s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/forests-trees-agroforestry\/crp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Quand un biologiste voit une for\u00eat, il pense probablement au nombre d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces qu&rsquo;elle h\u00e9berge. Lorsqu&rsquo;un climatologue voit une for\u00eat, il pense s\u00fbrement \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 de carbone qui y est stock\u00e9e. H\u00e9las, ces deux points de vue se rencontrent rarement dans le cadre politique. De r\u00e9centes recherches men\u00e9es dans la for\u00eat de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":26175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137,151],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12261],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[2992,5604,2993,3114,3286,3112,3196,3404,3078,5603,3165],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-26960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","category-redd-2","language-francais","location-cameroon-africa","tag-francais-cameroun","tag-francais-convention-sur-la-diversite-biologique","tag-francais-denis-sonwa","tag-francais-gestion-forestiere","tag-francais-mrv","tag-francais-preservation","tag-francais-redd","tag-francais-sequestration-de-carbone","tag-francais-stocks-de-carbone","tag-francais-universite-de-douala","tag-francais-zones-protegees","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es : havre de biodiversit\u00e9 et puits de carbone sous une m\u00eame canop\u00e9e ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26960\/aires-protegees-havre-de-biodiversite-et-puits-de-carbone-sous-une-meme-canopee\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es : havre de biodiversit\u00e9 et puits de carbone sous une m\u00eame canop\u00e9e ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Quand un biologiste voit une for\u00eat, il pense probablement au nombre d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces qu&rsquo;elle h\u00e9berge. 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