{"id":26806,"date":"2015-02-12T00:06:18","date_gmt":"2015-02-11T17:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=26806"},"modified":"2015-09-30T21:45:00","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T14:45:00","slug":"la-biodiversite-est-souvent-exclue-du-calcul-de-la-valeur-economique-des-forets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26806\/la-biodiversite-est-souvent-exclue-du-calcul-de-la-valeur-economique-des-forets","title":{"rendered":"Valeur \u00e9conomique des for\u00eats : n&rsquo;oubliez-pas la biodiversit\u00e9 dans le calcul !"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_26183\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26183\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Tweddle1-Frog-in-Manu-National-Park-peru-1024x683.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26183 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Tweddle1-Frog-in-Manu-National-Park-peru-1024x683-500x333.jpg\" alt=\"Katak pohon di Taman Nasional Man\u00fa di Amazon Peru. Kebijakan yang dirancang melindungi wilayah di mana jasa ekosistem memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi mungkin tidak memasukkan nilai tingginya keragaman hayati, demikian menurut penelitian terbaru. Photo courtesy Michael Tweddle\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26183\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une rainette dans le Parc national de Man\u00fa, dans\u00a0l&rsquo;Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne. De nouvelles recherches indiquent que les politiques de protection des zones o\u00f9 les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques ont une valeur \u00e9conomique \u00e9lev\u00e9e risquent d\u2019exclure les lieux riches en biodiversit\u00e9. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/glf-2014\/?contestants=hypsiboas-tree-frog-manu-national-park-peru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Photo: Michael Tweddle<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Imaginez que vous \u00eates responsable de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire dans un pays tropical. Comment d\u00e9cidez-vous si une zone doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour produire de la nourriture, si elle doit \u00eatre conserv\u00e9e pour sa diversit\u00e9 biologique ou prot\u00e9g\u00e9e pour ses services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques (tels que le contr\u00f4le de l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion ou la pollinisation) ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les crit\u00e8res classiques pour mesurer la valeur des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques n\u00e9gligent les nuances entre des paysages tropicaux tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9s, affirment les chercheurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ils sous-estiment en particulier la valeur \u00e9conomique des lieux h\u00e9bergeant une grande biodiversit\u00e9 et qui sont souvent loin des zones habit\u00e9es,<\/span> <span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5042\/economic-valuation-of-ecosystem-services-fails-to-capture-biodiversity-value-of-tropical-forests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans la revue Biological Conservation<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les auteurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude soulignent que les politiques qui visent \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les zones o\u00f9 les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques ont une valeur \u00e9conomique \u00e9lev\u00e9e, risquent d\u2019exclure les lieux riches en biodiversit\u00e9, m\u00eame s&rsquo;ils sont cruciaux pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s isol\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Nous devons adopter une approche plus nuanc\u00e9e, tout en concentrant nos ressources limit\u00e9es sur les zones qui offrent non seulement des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, mais h\u00e9bergent \u00e9galement une biodiversit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Terry Sunderland, scientifique chevronn\u00e9 au Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR) et l&rsquo;un des auteurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">UNE VALEUR \u00c9CONOMIQUE CENTR\u00c9E SUR L\u2019HOMME<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Face \u00e0 la demande croissante pour la production alimentaire dans les pays tropicaux, les responsables de l&rsquo;am\u00e9nagement du territoire utilisent la valeur des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques pour prendre des d\u00e9cisions sur l&rsquo;utilisation des terres. N\u00e9anmoins, la plupart des calculs sont bas\u00e9s sur des valeurs moyennes qui ne refl\u00e8tent pas la grande diversit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes tropicaux, indique l&rsquo;\u00e9tude.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les auteurs ont utilis\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019initiative <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.teebweb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">TEEB (acronyme anglais pour l&rsquo;\u00c9conomie des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et de la biodiversit\u00e9)<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">, qui repr\u00e9sentent selon eux la \u00ab base de donn\u00e9es la plus compl\u00e8te des valeurs des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques \u00bb. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces donn\u00e9es, ils ont cartographi\u00e9 et analys\u00e9 la valeur \u00e9conomique des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques dans des zones tropicales en Am\u00e9rique latine, en Asie et en Afrique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Malgr\u00e9 l&rsquo;id\u00e9e r\u00e9pandue que la protection des zones fournissant des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques de grande valeur prot\u00e8ge \u00e9galement des sites riche en biodiversit\u00e9, les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 que bien souvent, ces zones ne co\u00efncident pas. <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La valeur \u00e9conomique tend \u00e0 \u00eatre plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e lorsqu\u2019un grand nombre de personnes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d&rsquo;un service, remarque Roman Carrasco de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 nationale de Singapour, l&rsquo;un des auteurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude. N\u00e9anmoins, les lieux h\u00e9bergeant la plus grande biodiversit\u00e9 sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les for\u00eats recul\u00e9es, loin des concentrations humaines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Il y a plus de biodiversit\u00e9 dans les for\u00eats relativement peu perturb\u00e9es ou vierges. C\u2019est l\u00e0 que vit le plus grand nombre d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces \u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Carrasco. \u00ab Si le nombre de consommateurs d&rsquo;un service, tel que la r\u00e9gulation de l&rsquo;eau, est \u00e9lev\u00e9, alors sa valeur est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e, tandis que la richesse en esp\u00e8ces est plus faible. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour compenser, les am\u00e9nageurs du territoire devraient inclure des facteurs qui \u00ab vont au-del\u00e0 de la valeur du dollar \u00bb, propose M. Carrasco. \u00ab En basant nos politiques sur des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9conomiques, nous risquons d&rsquo;oublier la biodiversit\u00e9. Ceci va \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre du bon sens commun \u00bb selon lequel les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes seraient homog\u00e8nes, dit-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les for\u00eats riches en biodiversit\u00e9 sont extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9cieuses pour les personnes vivant \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur ou \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Les hommes d\u00e9pendent du bois, des fruits, des fibres, de la r\u00e9gulation de l&rsquo;eau et d&rsquo;autres services fournis par ces for\u00eats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les populations \u00e9tant plus dispers\u00e9es dans les zones recul\u00e9es, un nombre moins important de personnes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de ces services. Toutefois, leur d\u00e9pendance aux for\u00eats pour les bienfaits culturels et la nourriture pourrait \u00eatre plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que pour des personnes vivant dans des zones urbaines. Selon M. Sunderland et M. Carrasco, les calculs g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s ne parviennent pas \u00e0 prendre en compte cette nuance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Le r\u00f4le des produits forestiers en tant que filet de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, comprenant les bienfaits pour la diversit\u00e9 alimentaire, la nutrition infantile et la sant\u00e9 de millions de personnes vivant sous les tropiques, est \u00e9vident \u00bb, \u00e9crivent-ils dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les revenus tir\u00e9s des for\u00eats et des produits forestiers repr\u00e9sentent plus d&rsquo;un quart du revenu des familles rurales, presque autant que les cultures, selon le <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www1.cifor.org\/pen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">R\u00e9seau Pauvret\u00e9 et Environnement men\u00e9 par le CIFOR<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab UNE VALEUR INFINIE\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La nouvelle \u00e9tude explique que les responsables de l&rsquo;am\u00e9nagement du territoire devraient ajouter la diversit\u00e9 biologique dans leurs calculs, en particulier lorsqu\u2019ils comparent les bienfaits de l&rsquo;agriculture \u00e0 ceux des for\u00eats. Cependant, il n&rsquo;existe pas d&rsquo;accord sur la fa\u00e7on d&rsquo;attribuer une valeur mon\u00e9taire sur la biodiversit\u00e9, ajoute M. Carrasco.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Nous devons essayer de quantifier le bien-\u00eatre humain et pas seulement les valeurs \u00e9conomiques \u00bb, d\u00e9clare-t-il. \u00ab Il ne s\u2019agit pas de cesser d&rsquo;utiliser la valeur \u00e9conomique, mais de la compl\u00e9ter avec d&rsquo;autres indicateurs. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ceci implique de remplacer les cartes g\u00e9n\u00e9rales des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques par des \u00e9tudes plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9es de l&rsquo;importance, et donc de la valeur, des services pour les populations locales, m\u00eame dans les zones les plus isol\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Une for\u00eat amazonienne a une valeur beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e pour une communaut\u00e9 autochtone qui y habite que pour une personne qui vit dans une ville \u00e9loign\u00e9e avec d&rsquo;autres types de revenus, affirme M. Carrasco.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Nous devons examiner la valeur fondamentale des services \u00bb, d\u00e9clare-t-il. \u00ab Si vous ne pouvez pas survivre sans la for\u00eat, cela signifie que la for\u00eat a une valeur infinie pour vous. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les sujets de ces recherches, veuillez contacter Terry Sunderland \u00e0 l\u2019adresse <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"mailto:t.sunderland@cgiar.org\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">t.sunderland@cgiar.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ces recherches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9es en partie par USAID et s\u2019inscrivent dans le cadre du<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"http:\/\/foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l&rsquo;Agroforesterie<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Imaginez que vous \u00eates responsable de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire dans un pays tropical. Comment d\u00e9cidez-vous si une zone doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour produire de la nourriture, si elle doit \u00eatre conserv\u00e9e pour sa diversit\u00e9 biologique ou prot\u00e9g\u00e9e pour ses services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques (tels que le contr\u00f4le de l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion ou la pollinisation) ? Les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":26183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1072],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3110,5608,3172,5610,3194,3113,5609],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-26806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landscapes","language-francais","location-global","tag-francais-biodiversite","tag-francais-economie","tag-francais-moyens-de-subsistance","tag-francais-roman-carrasco","tag-francais-services-ecosystemiques","tag-francais-terry-sunderland","tag-francais-universite-nationale-de-singapour","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Valeur \u00e9conomique des for\u00eats : n&#039;oubliez-pas la biodiversit\u00e9 dans le calcul ! - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26806\/la-biodiversite-est-souvent-exclue-du-calcul-de-la-valeur-economique-des-forets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Valeur \u00e9conomique des for\u00eats : n&#039;oubliez-pas la biodiversit\u00e9 dans le calcul !\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Imaginez que vous \u00eates responsable de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire dans un pays tropical. Comment d\u00e9cidez-vous si une zone doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour produire de la nourriture, si elle doit \u00eatre conserv\u00e9e pour sa diversit\u00e9 biologique ou prot\u00e9g\u00e9e pour ses services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques (tels que le contr\u00f4le de l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion ou la pollinisation) ? 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