{"id":26800,"date":"2015-02-11T23:22:40","date_gmt":"2015-02-11T16:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=26800"},"modified":"2015-11-10T18:36:28","modified_gmt":"2015-11-10T11:36:28","slug":"de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26800\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere","title":{"rendered":"De la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique : comment l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re peut fonctionner ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_25524\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25524\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/RS227-Harvesting-the-Gnetum-7995457461-o-scr.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25524 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/RS227-Harvesting-the-Gnetum-7995457461-o-scr-500x333.jpg\" alt=\"Una mujer cosecha hojas de Gnetum (okok) en un bosque de Camer\u00fan. Este pa\u00eds de \u00c1frica Central ha formalizado el uso de enfoques de paisajes en sus estrategias de gesti\u00f3n del suelo. Fotograf\u00eda de Ollivier Girard \/ CIFOR.\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25524\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une femme r\u00e9colte des feuilles de Gnetum (Okok) dans une for\u00eat du Cameroun. L&rsquo;Afrique centrale a officialis\u00e9 les approches paysag\u00e8res dans des strat\u00e9gies de gestion des terres. Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5207\/landscape-approaches-what-are-the-pre-conditions-for-success\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Un nouvel article de recherche <\/a>pr\u00e9sente les conditions du succ\u00e8s de \u00ab l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re \u00bb sur le terrain. Un pas important pour amener le fameux sch\u00e9ma de d\u00e9veloppement de la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Aucun nouveau concept n&rsquo;a gagn\u00e9 autant de terrain ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis environnementaux, sociaux et politiques de plus en plus complexes. L&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re est <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/25088\/eclaircir-lapproche-paysagere-sommes-nous-sur-la-bonne-voie#.VFpFNfSG9bR\">pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une fa\u00e7on compl\u00e8te et \u00e9quitable d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibrer les demandes concurrentes d&rsquo;utilisation des terres<\/a>. <div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les discussions sur l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re sont rest\u00e9es largement confin\u00e9es au monde universitaire, qui a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/25088\/eclaircir-lapproche-paysagere-sommes-nous-sur-la-bonne-voie#.VFpFNfSG9bR\">d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d&rsquo;encre<\/a> \u00e0 chercher \u00e0 d\u00e9finir un concept fongible \u00e0 dessein. Dans le m\u00eame temps, les applications de l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re sur le terrain v\u00e9rifiables et mesurables demeurent quelque peu furtives. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Il n&rsquo;y a aucun [probl\u00e8me] avec le concept d&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re \u00bb, selon Terry Sunderland, scientifique chevronn\u00e9 du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR) et co-auteur de l&rsquo;article. \u00ab Mais son application est tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e. Nous avons tr\u00e8s peu d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes de cas d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration r\u00e9elle qui fonctionne sur le terrain. A moins que de telles initiatives n&rsquo;aient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 correctement rapport\u00e9es. Nous essayons donc de combler cette lacune. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">FABRIQU\u00c9 DANS UN ATELIER<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Cet article est le fruit d&rsquo;un atelier qui s&rsquo;est tenu r\u00e9cemment \u00e0 Cairns en Australie, organis\u00e9 par l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 James Cook et auquel ont particip\u00e9 M. Sunderland et un groupe de participants pluri-disciplinaire, allant des experts de haut niveau \u00e0 des \u00e9tudiants dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s, de militants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile \u00e0 des professionnels de l&rsquo;am\u00e9nagement du territoire. La r\u00e9union a fait \u00ab tilt \u00bb, explique Sunderland, quand les participants ont partag\u00e9 leurs exp\u00e9riences vari\u00e9es. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ces-derniers ont compar\u00e9 des projets men\u00e9s dans sept paysages tropicaux diff\u00e9rents \u2013 cinq en Indon\u00e9sie, un en Afrique centrale et un autre en Australie \u2013 pour d\u00e9terminer ce qui a le mieux r\u00e9ussi. \u00ab Nous avons des exemples sur le terrain qui nous permettent de dire qu&rsquo;une approche paysag\u00e8re a r\u00e9ussi pour une raison X, ou qu&rsquo;elle a \u00e9chou\u00e9 pour une raison Y \u00bb, poursuit Sunderland. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Des mod\u00e8les et des points communs ont \u00e9merg\u00e9s parmi les sept paysages, et les participants se sont finalement mis d&rsquo;accord sur 10 conditions \u00e0 remplir pour que les approches paysag\u00e8res r\u00e9ussissent sur le terrain : une direction forte ; un engagement sur le long terme ; des niveaux de facilitation ; un engagement fond\u00e9 sur des valeurs ; une discussion franche des conflits ; une gouvernance solide ; l&rsquo;implication du secteur priv\u00e9 ; des engagements sur le budget et la r\u00e9alisation ; des accords officiels et contr\u00f4l\u00e9s ; des indicateurs av\u00e9r\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">QUATRE POINTS DE DEPART<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ces 10 pr\u00e9-conditions constituent un point de d\u00e9part, pr\u00e9cise Sunderland. \u00ab Vous pouvez choisir celles qui vous paraissent les plus importantes pour votre paysage particulier. Certains attendent une approche prescriptive, mais ce n&rsquo;est pas l&rsquo;id\u00e9e. Il faut faire du sur-mesure pour chaque approche individuelle. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Le message essentiel, c&rsquo;est que chaque circonstance est diff\u00e9rente. \u00bb Sunderland prend un exemple au Cameroun, o\u00f9 les approches paysag\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 officialis\u00e9es dans un processus l\u00e9gal de planification d&rsquo;am\u00e9nagement du territoire. Le pays a cr\u00e9\u00e9 ce qu&rsquo;il appelle des <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.slideshare.net\/CIFOR\/to-us-in-cameroon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Unit\u00e9s techniques de coop\u00e9ration<\/a> (Technical Cooperation Units, TOUs), qui assurent la communication et la collaboration entre les parties intervenants dans un paysage donn\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Au Cameroun, les TOUs assurent l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre entre les zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, l&rsquo;agriculture, les exploitations foresti\u00e8res et les concessions mini\u00e8res, entre autres utilisations des terres. Cela a men\u00e9 \u00e0 plus d&rsquo;implication locale dans la gestion des for\u00eats, car une s\u00e9rie plus large d&rsquo;intervenants sont encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 se rassembler et \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats pour tous, explique Sunderland. <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Bien que cette initiative soit relativement r\u00e9cente, elle semble fonctionner au Cameroun. Tout le monde a \u00e9t\u00e9 amen\u00e9 \u00e0 parler avec les autres. Ils utilisent tous les m\u00eames routes et les m\u00eames ressources donc ils sont par exemple responsables de la surveillance des trafics de bois et d&rsquo;animaux sauvages ill\u00e9gaux \u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab\u00a0DONNER CORPS\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">M. Sunderland cite une publication parue l&rsquo;an dernier qui exposait les <a href=\"http:\/\/peoplefoodandnature.org\/blog\/sayer_principles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">10 principes d&rsquo;une approche paysag\u00e8re<\/a> et estime que le nouvel article va plus loin. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab L&rsquo;article sur les &rsquo;10 principes&rsquo; a parl\u00e9 \u00e0 beaucoup de gens \u00bb, note-il. \u00ab Ils ne font pas que le lire, ils disent aussi : &lsquo;OK, il y a quelque chose d&rsquo;int\u00e9ressant l\u00e0-dedans.&rsquo; Et je pense qu&rsquo;il ne faut pas se leurrer, \u00e7a s&rsquo;arr\u00eate l\u00e0. C&rsquo;est comme si on disait: &lsquo;Voil\u00e0 vos 10 principes, allez-y, appliquez votre approche paysag\u00e8re.&rsquo; C&rsquo;est un processus s\u00e9quentiel, qui fournit un cadre tr\u00e8s utile, mais sur le terrain, \u00e0 quoi \u00e7a sert? \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">M. Sunderland esp\u00e8re que le nouvel article, publi\u00e9 dans sa version originale peu avant le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/a> (6-7 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Lima) permettra de sortir cette probl\u00e9matique de sa tour d&rsquo;ivoire et aidera \u00e0 \u00ab donner corps <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00bb \u00e0 l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re pour que les professionnels et les d\u00e9cideurs puissent aller de l&rsquo;avant. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab C&rsquo;est tr\u00e8s bien de faire un sermon au sommet de la montagne \u00bb, dit Sunderland. \u00ab Mais nous avons besoin de traduire cela en quelque chose de mieux compris et ensuite d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnel. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;information sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Terry Sunderland \u00e0 l&rsquo;adresse <span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"mailto:t.sunderland@cgiar.org\">t.sunderland@cgiar.org<\/a><\/span>. Cette recherche fait partie du Programme sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l&rsquo;Agroforesterie du CGIAR.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 Un nouvel article de recherche pr\u00e9sente les conditions du succ\u00e8s de \u00ab l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re \u00bb sur le terrain. Un pas important pour amener le fameux sch\u00e9ma de d\u00e9veloppement de la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique. Aucun nouveau concept n&rsquo;a gagn\u00e9 autant de terrain ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis environnementaux, sociaux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":212,"featured_media":25524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[13,1072],"tags":[333,1647,1643],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[3408,3209,3113,5611],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[6162],"class_list":["post-26800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-governance","category-landscapes","tag-cameroon","tag-global-landscapes-forum","tag-landscape-approach","language-francais","location-global","tag-francais-approche-paysagere","tag-francais-global-landscapes-forum-2014","tag-francais-terry-sunderland","tag-francais-universite-james-cook","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>De la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique : comment l&#039;approche paysag\u00e8re peut fonctionner ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26800\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique : comment l&#039;approche paysag\u00e8re peut fonctionner ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 Un nouvel article de recherche pr\u00e9sente les conditions du succ\u00e8s de \u00ab l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re \u00bb sur le terrain. Un pas important pour amener le fameux sch\u00e9ma de d\u00e9veloppement de la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique. Aucun nouveau concept n&rsquo;a gagn\u00e9 autant de terrain ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis environnementaux, sociaux [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26800\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-02-11T16:22:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-11-10T11:36:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/RS227-Harvesting-the-Gnetum-7995457461-o-scr.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"733\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruno Vander Velde\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@BrunoVelde\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/26800\\\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/26800\\\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bruno Vander Velde\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/50fd47d0a4f376c063a16b722f21fa8e\"},\"headline\":\"De la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique : comment l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re peut fonctionner ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-02-11T16:22:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-11-10T11:36:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/26800\\\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere\"},\"wordCount\":1018,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/26800\\\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/12\\\/RS227-Harvesting-the-Gnetum-7995457461-o-scr.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cameroon\",\"global landscapes forum\",\"landscape approach\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Governance\",\"Landscapes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/26800\\\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2015\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/26800\\\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/26800\\\/de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique-les-conditions-du-succes-de-lapproche-paysagere\",\"name\":\"De la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique : comment l'approche paysag\u00e8re peut fonctionner ? 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