{"id":26224,"date":"2014-12-28T00:39:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-27T17:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=26224"},"modified":"2018-02-07T14:54:29","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T07:54:29","slug":"redd-sur-le-terrain-en-tanzanie-financement-et-enthousiasme-ont-disparu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26224\/redd-sur-le-terrain-en-tanzanie-financement-et-enthousiasme-ont-disparu","title":{"rendered":"REDD+ sur le terrain : financement et enthousiasme perdus en Tanzanie"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_25818\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25818\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Tanzania-foto1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25818 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Tanzania-foto1-500x355.jpeg\" alt=\"Women\u2019s meeting in a village in Kigoma. (Demetrius L Kweka\/CIFOR)\" width=\"500\" height=\"355\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25818\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">R\u00e9union de femmes dans un village \u00e0 Kigoma, en Tanzanie, o\u00f9 une initiative REDD+ s\u2019est montr\u00e9e prometteuse au d\u00e9but, pour finalement \u00e9chouer par manque\u00a0d&rsquo;argent. Demetrius L.Kweka\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Jane Goodall est mondialement connue pour le travail qu&rsquo;elle a accompli pendant des dizaines d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des chimpanz\u00e9s dans la for\u00eat de Gombe en Tanzanie occidentale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pourtant, peu savent que l&rsquo;ONG qu&rsquo;elle a fond\u00e9e, l&rsquo;Institut Jane Goodall (JGI), a exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 la REDD+ \u2013 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme la prochaine grande id\u00e9e pour lutter contre le changement climatique en r\u00e9duisant la d\u00e9forestation \u2013 pour aider \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger l&rsquo;habitat des singes et les moyens de subsistance des personnes qui vivent proche d&rsquo;eux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Cela repr\u00e9sente beaucoup de personnes. L&rsquo;\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me Masito Ugalla, sur les rives du lac Tanganyika, est l&rsquo;une des r\u00e9gions les plus pauvres du pays, et elle est de plus accabl\u00e9e par une croissance d\u00e9mographique forte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">En 2009, le gouvernement norv\u00e9gien a propos\u00e9 de financer des projets en Tanzanie pour tester le concept de REDD+ (R\u00e9duction des Emissions issues de la D\u00e9forestation et de la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats). L&rsquo;id\u00e9e \u00e9tait de payer les communaut\u00e9s qui pr\u00e9servent les for\u00eats en vendant des cr\u00e9dits de carbone qui pourraient \u00eatre n\u00e9goci\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle internationale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Il y avait beaucoup d&rsquo;enthousiasme au d\u00e9but \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Demetrius Kweka, chercheur au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) qui a analys\u00e9 une demi-douzaine d\u2019initiatives de REDD+ en Tanzanie pour un nouveau livre, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/redd-case-book\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u00abLa REDD+ sur le terrain: recueil d\u2019\u00e9tudes de cas sur les initiatives infranationales \u00e0 travers le monde\u00bb<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">JGI a re\u00e7u des fonds pour mettre en \u0153uvre un projet pilote de REDD+ dans sept villages de la r\u00e9gion de Kigoma. Ce projet, intitul\u00e9 \u00ab <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/redd-case-book\/case-reports\/tanzania\/building-redd-readiness-masito-ugalla-ecosystem-pilot-area-support-tanzanias-national-redd-strategy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la REDD dans la zone pilote de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me Masito Ugalla en soutien de la strat\u00e9gie nationale de REDD de la Tanzanie<\/a> <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00bb, visait \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger 900 km2 de la for\u00eat de Masito.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab La configuration globale \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s bonne \u00bb, affirme M. Kweka. \u00ab Ils ont propos\u00e9 des techniques innovantes. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/cifor-at-cop20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Le CIFOR \u00e0 la COP20 de la CCNUCC<\/a> :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour plus d\u2019informations sur les \u00e9v\u00e9nements organis\u00e9s par le\u00a0CIFOR en marge de la\u00a0\u00e0 la COP 20, rendez-vous sur <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/cifor-at-cop20\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">cifor.org\/cifor-at-cop20<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour des informations, des \u00e9tudes et des analyses li\u00e9es \u00e0 <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">la COP20 et <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">au <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/a>, <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\">rendez-vous sur\u00a0<\/span> <span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/lima\">forestsnews.cifor.org\/lima<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"fr-FR\">POINTS DE PARTICIPATION<\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Une de ces techniques est le m\u00e9canisme de partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. Il concerne la fa\u00e7on dont les fonds provenant du march\u00e9 de carbone sont partag\u00e9s. La Norv\u00e8ge a donn\u00e9 200 000 dollars en capital de d\u00e9part aux projets, qu&rsquo;ils ont pu utiliser pour fournir des incitations financi\u00e8res aux communaut\u00e9s et pour tester la fa\u00e7on dont ces paiements pourraient \u00eatre fonctionnels sur le terrain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Le m\u00e9canisme de partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices utilis\u00e9 par JGI \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant \u2013 il se pr\u00e9sentait sous forme de comp\u00e9tition. Les villages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 amen\u00e9s \u00e0 proposer des projets concurrents pour leur for\u00eat ou pour la gestion des for\u00eats \u00bb, explique M. Kweka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">La base \u00e9tait un syst\u00e8me de points, chaque village accumulait des points en fonction de son engagement et de sa participation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Sept villages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inform\u00e9s qu\u2019ils ne pouvaient pas obtenir la m\u00eame somme, puisque leurs efforts \u00e9taient diff\u00e9rents. Certains \u0153uvraient davantage pour la conservation en faisant de nombreuses patrouilles, en restreignant l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la for\u00eat, en assistant aux r\u00e9unions. D&rsquo;autres n\u2019\u00e9taient pas aussi motiv\u00e9s \u2013 ils ont donc re\u00e7u moins d&rsquo;argent \u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab C\u2019\u00e9tait une mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressante de faire participer pleinement les villageois participent \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation des for\u00eats. \u00bb <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">JGI a \u00e9tabli un organisme communautaire connu sous le nom de JUWAMMA, compos\u00e9 de repr\u00e9sentants des villages. Il permet la prise de d\u00e9cisions pour le partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices et la distribution des fonds. L&rsquo;organisme collabore avec les chefs de village et le conseil du district afin de g\u00e9rer les for\u00eats et d&rsquo;organiser des patrouilles foresti\u00e8res.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L&rsquo;id\u00e9e est que, sur le long terme, l\u2019organisme prenne en charge la responsabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;initiative &#8211; m\u00eame si le soutien de JGI sera n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 certaines des exigences techniques de la REDD+, souligne M. Kweka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">JUWAMMA a \u00e9t\u00e9 bien con\u00e7u, selon M. Kweka, car il s\u2019inscrit dans le contexte institutionnel local.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Ils ont fait du chef de district leur patron, pour assurer le soutien du gouvernement. JUWAMMA repr\u00e9sente donc les villages, tout en se reliant avec le syst\u00e8me du gouvernement \u00bb, explique-t-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">DES SMARTPHONES DANS LA FOR\u00caT<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">L&rsquo;Institut Jane Goodall a \u00e9galement collabor\u00e9 avec le Centre de Recherche Woods Hole et Google Earth pour tester une technologie innovante de surveillance foresti\u00e8re par Smartphone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Pour que cela fonctionne, il faut que quelqu&rsquo;un soit dans la for\u00eat de Tanzanie occidentale avec un Smartphone. Il rentre des donn\u00e9es \u2013 telles que des mesures d&rsquo;arbres ou de la d\u00e9forestation r\u00e9cente \u2013 qui sont affich\u00e9es sur des ordinateurs et peuvent \u00eatre partag\u00e9es \u00e0 distance \u00bb, explique M. Kweka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Ainsi, nous disposons d\u2019un suivi en temps r\u00e9el de ce qui se passe, des changements dans la for\u00eat \u00bb, affirme-t-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab D&rsquo;autres projets de suivi forestier pourraient \u00e9galement utiliser ces types de m\u00e9thodes. \u00bb <\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab CELA TOUCHE TOUT LE MONDE PSYCHOLOGIQUEMENT \u00bb<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Malgr\u00e9 ses d\u00e9buts prometteurs, le programme du JGI &#8211; comme beaucoup d&rsquo;autres initiatives de REDD+ &#8211; a du mal \u00e0 trouver des sources continues de financement et se trouve ainsi coinc\u00e9 dans ce que M. Kweka appelle une \u00ab impasse \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Au d\u00e9but de la REDD+, la Norv\u00e8ge a \u00e9t\u00e9 le v\u00e9ritable moteur du processus \u00bb, dit-il. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Ils ont examin\u00e9 tous les syst\u00e8mes et m\u00e9canismes que les projets ont mis en \u0153uvre, y compris le partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. Ils \u00e9taient vraiment int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de tous ces projets qu&rsquo;ils finan\u00e7aient. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Mais ensuite, l&rsquo;enthousiasme s\u2019est perdu. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les initiatives en Tanzanie ont atteint la fin de la premi\u00e8re tranche d&rsquo;argent et elles ont soumis leur application \u00e0 la Norv\u00e8ge pour un renouvellement afin qu&rsquo;ils puissent mettre en \u0153uvre la deuxi\u00e8me phase de leur projet.<\/span> <span lang=\"fr-FR\">N\u00e9anmoins, pour beaucoup, le financement n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 renouvel\u00e9, laissant ces initiatives dans l\u2019incertitude et dans de nombreux cas, sans avoir termin\u00e9 le travail qu&rsquo;ils souhaitaient terminer lors de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Il y a encore beaucoup de choses en suspens. Elles doivent \u00eatre finalis\u00e9es afin d\u2019\u00eatre pr\u00eat pour la REDD \u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Kweka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Tout le monde \u2013 la Norv\u00e8ge et les promoteurs \u2013 a sous-estim\u00e9 la somme d&rsquo;argent et le travail n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9aliser la REDD+, pour mettre en place le processus. Ils s\u2019attendaient \u00e0 ce que nous vendions d\u00e9j\u00e0 du carbone, mais cela n&rsquo;a pas encore eu lieu \u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab La Norv\u00e8ge pourrait continuer \u00e0 financer ces projets, mais elle n&rsquo;a pas envoy\u00e9 de message ou signal clair \u00e0 ce sujet. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour l&rsquo;instant, nous attendons. L&rsquo;incertitude a eu un impact sur le terrain. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00ab Je pense que cela affecte tout le monde psychologiquement, en particulier les promoteurs. Ils ne savent plus quoi dire aux villages. Le fait est qu\u2019ils ne peuvent pas mettre en \u0153uvre la phase A, B et C, car ils n\u2019ont plus d&rsquo;argent \u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Kweka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Pour plus d\u2019information sur cette recherche, veuillez contacter Demetrius Kweka sur <a href=\"mailto:demetrius.kweka@gmail.com\">demetrius.kweka@gmail.com<\/a> ou William Sunderlin sur <a href=\"mailto:w.sunderlin@cgiar.org\">w.sunderlin@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"\/\/cifor.org\/gcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">L\u2019\u00e9tude comparative mondiale sur le REDD <\/a>du CIFOR est soutenue par l&rsquo;Agence norv\u00e9gienne de coop\u00e9ration pour le d\u00e9veloppement (NORAD), le Minist\u00e8re australien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et du commerce ext\u00e9rieur (DFAT), l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne (UE), le Royaume-Uni, ainsi que le <a href=\"http:\/\/foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l&rsquo;Agroforesterie<\/a>, avec un appui financier de la part du Fonds du CGIAR.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Jane Goodall est mondialement connue pour le travail qu&rsquo;elle a accompli pendant des dizaines d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des chimpanz\u00e9s dans la for\u00eat de Gombe en Tanzanie occidentale. Pourtant, peu savent que l&rsquo;ONG qu&rsquo;elle a fond\u00e9e, l&rsquo;Institut Jane Goodall (JGI), a exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 la REDD+ \u2013 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme la prochaine grande id\u00e9e pour lutter contre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":25818,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072,180,151,184],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[12270],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[6174,2334,3299,5528,3286,6175,6173,3196,3169],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[2431],"type-francais":[3000],"coauthors":[545],"class_list":["post-26224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","category-value-chains-finance","language-francais","location-tanzania","tag-francais-demetrius-kweka","tag-francais-emissions-de-carbone","tag-francais-etude-comparative-mondiale","tag-francais-financements","tag-francais-mrv","tag-francais-norvege","tag-francais-partage-des-benefices","tag-francais-redd","tag-francais-tanzanie","type-english-news","type-francais-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>REDD+ sur le terrain : financement et enthousiasme perdus en Tanzanie - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/26224\/redd-sur-le-terrain-en-tanzanie-financement-et-enthousiasme-ont-disparu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"REDD+ sur le terrain : financement et enthousiasme perdus en Tanzanie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Jane Goodall est mondialement connue pour le travail qu&rsquo;elle a accompli pendant des dizaines d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des chimpanz\u00e9s dans la for\u00eat de Gombe en Tanzanie occidentale. 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