{"id":25484,"date":"2014-11-30T17:19:27","date_gmt":"2014-11-30T10:19:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=25484"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:00:18","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:00:18","slug":"les-premieres-initiatives-de-redd-une-etude-sur-les-garanties-evalue-la-participation-locale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/25484\/les-premieres-initiatives-de-redd-une-etude-sur-les-garanties-evalue-la-participation-locale","title":{"rendered":"Les premi\u00e8res initiatives de REDD+: une \u00e9tude sur les garanties \u00e9value la participation locale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OxK8-MxvD4A?rel=0\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">SALT LAKE CITY, ETATS-UNIS \u2014 Une recherche pr\u00e9liminaire montre que les premiers efforts visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions en \u00e9vitant la d\u00e9forestation sous les tropiques suscite une participation limit\u00e9e au niveau des villages, selon des scientifiques qui se sont exprim\u00e9s lors d&rsquo;une r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les r\u00e9sultats des initiatives de <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/2812\/simply-redd-cifors-guide-to-forests-climate-change-and-redd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">R\u00e9duction des Emissions issues de la D\u00e9forestation et de la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats (REDD+)<\/a> dans six pays concernent les garanties de la REDD+, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9es dans le but d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les risques sociaux et environnementaux et de promouvoir des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices non li\u00e9s au carbone. Assurer la participation totale et effective des parties prenantes concern\u00e9es, y compris des populations locales, figure parmi ces garanties. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00abAu niveau des villages, nous avons constat\u00e9 des niveaux faibles de connaissance et de participation pendant les premiers stades des initiatives de REDD+\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Amy Duchelle, scientifique au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) qui est impliqu\u00e9e dans <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">l\u2019Etude Comparative Mondiale (ECM) du CIFOR sur la REDD+<\/a>. \u00abMais ceci pourrait \u00eatre en partie d\u00fb au stade pr\u00e9coce auquel les entrevues ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es, puisque de nombreux participants \u2013c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des organismes responsables de la mise en \u0153uvre de la REDD+\u2013 \u00e9taient encore dans les premiers stades de leurs efforts de sensibilisation aupr\u00e8s des populations locales.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Au\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #a34625;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>:<\/b><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">les pays doivent respecter sept garanties REDD+. Il faut notamment avoir des syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;information qui permettent d&rsquo;effectuer des paiements en fonction des r\u00e9sultats. Comment ces syst\u00e8mes peuvent-ils permettre l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des opportunit\u00e9s de financement REDD+? Ce sera l\u2019une des nombreuses questions discut\u00e9es lors d\u2019une <\/span><span style=\"color: #a34625;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/glf-2014\/agenda-item\/day-2-dec-7\/six-parallel-multi-stakeholder-discussion-forums\/learning-redd-safeguards-information-systems-sis-voices-research-policy-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">session<\/a> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">du Forum mondial sur les paysages, les 6 et 7 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Lima.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/glf-2014\/agenda-item\/day-2-dec-7\/six-parallel-multi-stakeholder-discussion-forums\/learning-redd-safeguards-information-systems-sis-voices-research-policy-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #a34625;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Le projet de l\u2019ECM vise \u00e0 soutenir les d\u00e9cideurs politiques et les praticiens avec des informations, analyses et outils, tout en promouvant l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9, la rentabilit\u00e9, l&rsquo;\u00e9quit\u00e9 et les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices connexes, tant en termes sociaux qu\u2019environnementaux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Mme Duchelle et ses coll\u00e8gues \u00e9valuent les premiers r\u00e9sultats des projets et programmes de REDD+ en utilisant une approche \u00abavant-apr\u00e8s\u00bb. Ils comparent des donn\u00e9es d\u2019enqu\u00eates recueillies aupr\u00e8s de villages, m\u00e9nages et femmes en 2010-12 avec des donn\u00e9es datant de 2013-14.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les communaut\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans des interventions de REDD+ seront compar\u00e9es \u00e0 celles qui ne le sont pas, avant et apr\u00e8s la mise en \u0153uvre dans 23 sites de REDD+ dans six pays \u2013le Br\u00e9sil, le Cameroun, l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie, le P\u00e9rou, la Tanzanie et le Vietnam\u2013 qui englobent 190 villages et plus de 4 500 m\u00e9nages.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00abLes initiatives infranationales fournissent des preuves sur la mani\u00e8re dont les populations pourraient b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier ou p\u00e2tir de la REDD, notamment en mati\u00e8re de respect des droits locaux, de participation, ainsi que de promotion des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices sociaux connexes\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Mme Duchelle dans une pr\u00e9sentation lors du r\u00e9cent <a href=\"http:\/\/iufro2014.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Congr\u00e8s mondial de l&rsquo;Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Foresti\u00e8res (IUFRO)<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Sur les sites de REDD+ \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, le nombre des villageois inform\u00e9s sur les initiatives de la REDD+ a \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement faible: moins d&rsquo;un quart des m\u00e9nages avait entendu parler de la REDD+ en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Parmi ceux qui ont montr\u00e9 une compr\u00e9hension des initiatives de REDD+, la participation locale r\u00e9elle \u00e9tait faible : 27% des r\u00e9pondants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s dans la conception ou la mise en \u0153uvre, bien que cette participation consistait \u00e0 assister simplement \u00e0 une r\u00e9union et \u00e9tait surtout de nature passive.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">ESPOIRS ET CRAINTES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Les chercheurs du CIFOR ont \u00e9galement enqu\u00eat\u00e9 sur les espoirs et les inqui\u00e9tudes initiaux des populations locales au sujet des initiatives locales de REDD+. L&rsquo;espoir le plus commun concerne l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du revenu et du bien-\u00eatre. Il se refl\u00e8te dans les activit\u00e9s d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance qui sont devenues centrales pour un grand nombre de ces initiatives. La crainte principale est \u00e9galement li\u00e9e au revenu ; les populations locales appr\u00e9hendent que leurs moyens de subsistance puissent \u00eatre affect\u00e9s par les interventions de REDD+ ou qu&rsquo;il n\u2019y ait aucun avantage pour leurs revenus. Une s\u00e9rie d\u2019interventions de REDD+ et autres, relatives aux for\u00eats, sont mises en \u0153uvre sur ces sites. Ces interventions touchent la mise en place de conditions favorables (des activit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9paration telles que la s\u00e9curisation fonci\u00e8re, l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation environnementale, la pr\u00e9paration des communaut\u00e9s), les incitations (paiements pour services environnementaux, certifications, subventions) et les dissuasions (m\u00e9canismes r\u00e9glementaires, conformit\u00e9 environnementale, taxes). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Parmi tous les villages, plus de 450 interventions foresti\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ou sont appliqu\u00e9es, comptant plus de mesures incitatives que dissuasives.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00abCela pourrait para\u00eetre positif \u2013 les personnes sont moins punies et davantage soutenues. Toutefois, cela ne d\u00e9montre pas la valeur d&rsquo;une quelconque intervention\u00bb, souligne Mme Duchelle. \u00abUne mesure dissuasive, telle que l\u2019interdiction de pratiquer la culture itin\u00e9rante, pourrait affecter les personnes de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s n\u00e9gative, en plus d\u2019\u00eatre difficile \u00e0 compenser, m\u00eame \u00e0 travers de nombreuses incitations.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">En effet, la plupart des revenus sur les sites de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon proviennent des cultures et du b\u00e9tail, ce qui souligne le fait que tout ce qui modifie les pratiques agricoles des communaut\u00e9s a un impact sur leurs revenus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00abCela souligne l&rsquo;importance de compl\u00e9ter les incitations par des dissuasions, afin de faire en sorte que les personnes soient plus compens\u00e9es que punies. L\u2019objectif est d\u2019\u00e9viter de faire du mal et de promouvoir les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices sociaux connexes lorsque cela est possible\u00bb, stipule Mme Duchelle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">P<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">our plus d&rsquo;informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans ce blog, veuillez contacter Amy Duchelle sur <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><a href=\"mailto:a.duchelle@cgiar.org\">a.duchelle@cgiar.org<\/a> ou Daju Resosudarmo sur <a href=\"mailto:d.resosudarmo@cgiar.org\">d.resosudarmo@cgiar.org<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Cette recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le cadre de <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">l&rsquo;Etude Comparative Mondiale sur la REDD+ <\/a>et le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l&rsquo;Agroforesterie<\/a>. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e en partie par le NORAD, l&rsquo;AusAID, le DFID, la Commission europ\u00e9enne, le D\u00e9partement de la Coop\u00e9ration Internationale au D\u00e9veloppement de la Finlande, ainsi que la Fondation David et Lucille Packard.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SALT LAKE CITY, ETATS-UNIS \u2014 Une recherche pr\u00e9liminaire montre que les premiers efforts visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions en \u00e9vitant la d\u00e9forestation sous les tropiques suscite une participation limit\u00e9e au niveau des villages, selon des scientifiques qui se sont exprim\u00e9s lors d&rsquo;une r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence. Les r\u00e9sultats des initiatives de R\u00e9duction des Emissions issues de la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":25028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,180,151,184],"tags":[668,1111,823,123,1778],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[605],"class_list":["post-25484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","category-value-chains-finance","tag-benefit-sharing","tag-gcs","tag-iufro","tag-redd","tag-safeguard","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les premi\u00e8res initiatives de REDD+: une \u00e9tude sur les garanties \u00e9value la participation locale - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/25484\/les-premieres-initiatives-de-redd-une-etude-sur-les-garanties-evalue-la-participation-locale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les premi\u00e8res initiatives de REDD+: une \u00e9tude sur les garanties \u00e9value la participation locale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SALT LAKE CITY, ETATS-UNIS \u2014 Une recherche pr\u00e9liminaire montre que les premiers efforts visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions en \u00e9vitant la d\u00e9forestation sous les tropiques suscite une participation limit\u00e9e au niveau des villages, selon des scientifiques qui se sont exprim\u00e9s lors d&rsquo;une r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence. 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