{"id":25184,"date":"2014-11-17T16:19:24","date_gmt":"2014-11-17T09:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=25184"},"modified":"2015-10-06T10:29:18","modified_gmt":"2015-10-06T03:29:18","slug":"negocier-lapproche-paysagere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/25184\/negocier-lapproche-paysagere","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e9gocier l’approche paysag\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Alrededores<\/a>
La p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie du village de Wae Rebo dans la province Nusa Tenggara oriental en Indon\u00e9sie. On a beaucoup parl\u00e9 de\u00a0l\u2019apparence des paysages, mais peu de la mani\u00e8re dont ils peuvent concilier les objectifs concurrents d’utilisation des terres. Photo: Aulia Erlangga\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le deuxi\u00e8me <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Forum Mondial sur les Paysages <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>(FMP) se tiendra \u00e0 Lima au P\u00e9rou dans un peu moins d’un mois. L’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, la perspective paysag\u00e8re sur les d\u00e9fis majeurs du d\u00e9veloppement a vu un regain d’int\u00e9r\u00eat et d’engagement. Il existe de nouvelles <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>recherches<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>, des <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>partenariats<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>, de nombreux blogs, s\u00e9minaires, tables rondes et <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>conf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>rences<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>, des travaux novateurs sur la <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>finance<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> et des initiatives politiques r\u00e9centes qui s\u2019accordent bien avec le concept de paysage, tels que la <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>D\u00e9claration de Rio Branco du GCF<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> ou <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>l’Alliance pour une agriculture intelligente face au climat<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En bref, les paysages re\u00e7oivent beaucoup d’attention. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il semble g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement admis que travailler au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res sectorielles et chercher des solutions combin\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle des paysages est une bonne id\u00e9e. L’hypoth\u00e8se largement r\u00e9pandue est qu\u2019en travaillant ensemble sur le terrain nous aurions une meilleure chance de faire face aux d\u00e9fis majeurs de notre temps \u2013 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la pauvret\u00e9, le changement climatique, l\u2019approvisionnement en eau potable, la pr\u00e9servation de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un bon point de d\u00e9part. Le risque est, cependant, que nous continuions \u00e0 parler des paysages sans avoir un impact r\u00e9el. Il est donc relativement urgent de d\u00e9montrer comment l’approche paysag\u00e8re peut faire la diff\u00e9rence et comment elle peut \u00eatre \u00e9tendue pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 nos attentes. Selon moi, il serait judicieux que le Forum de Lima mette l\u2019accent sur la fa\u00e7on dont nous pouvons mettre l’approche paysag\u00e8re en \u0153uvre. Je suis impatient d\u2019apprendre des le\u00e7ons des nombreuses exp\u00e9riences.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’un des obstacles semble \u00eatre que l’approche \u00abpaysag\u00e8re\u00bb elle-m\u00eame n\u2019est pas claire. Sur une p\u00e9riode relativement longue, plusieurs d\u00e9cennies au moins, la fa\u00e7on de percevoir les paysages a \u00e9merg\u00e9 dans une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d’initiatives, de recherches et de disciplines, sans qu\u2019il y ait beaucoup d’interactions entre elles. En cons\u00e9quence, il existe litt\u00e9ralement des centaines applications l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rentes de \u00abl’approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb qui ne sont pas faciles \u00e0 concilier. Pour \u00e9clairer cette question avant le FMP \u00e0 Lima, le CIFOR m\u00e8ne actuellement un bilan syst\u00e9matique des approches paysag\u00e8res.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, il est essentiel de trouver un terrain d’entente et un langage commun. Le succ\u00e8s d\u00e9pendra de l’acceptation \u00e9tendue de l’approche paysag\u00e8re, ainsi que de l’attention politique \u00e0 des niveaux qui peuvent combler des priorit\u00e9s sectorielles plus sp\u00e9cifiques. En outre, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 les applications existantes, mais diff\u00e9rentes, de l’approche paysag\u00e8re, il serait utile de trouver un d\u00e9nominateur commun qui englobe l\u2019ensemble d’une mani\u00e8re claire et qui soutienne les efforts de recherches transversales. Cela prouve la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de d\u00e9finir \u00abl’approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb par des termes plus g\u00e9n\u00e9riques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

J’ai plaid\u00e9 auparavant pour une d\u00e9finition g\u00e9n\u00e9rique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> de<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00abpaysage\u00bb, comme \u00abun lieu de gouvernance\u00bb, en notant que nous devons prendre en compte la grande diversit\u00e9 des paysages (petits \u00e0 grands, formels \u00e0 informels, vierges \u00e0 exploit\u00e9s). De m\u00eame, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>j’ai pr\u00f4n\u00e9 un langage commun<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>, pour formuler des objectifs et des indicateurs de performance pour les paysages, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ouvrir des opportunit\u00e9s pour augmenter l\u2019\u00e9chelle, par exemple par des solutions financi\u00e8res. Dans ce blog, je sugg\u00e8re que \u00abl’approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb soit expliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 la rendre universellement accept\u00e9e et \u00e0 fournir un cadre analytique utile pour davantage de recherches et de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abL\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb pourrait alors \u00eatre d\u00e9finie comme \u00abdes parties prenantes qui tiennent compte de leurs objectifs multiples dans un paysage, en \u00e9tablissant des priorit\u00e9s, en faisant des actions ainsi que le suivi des progr\u00e8s\u00bb. Ceci correspond bien <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e0 un examen de 2012 des exp\u00e9riences faites \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle paysag\u00e8re<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Notez que cette d\u00e9finition sugg\u00e8re que l’approche paysag\u00e8re ne concerne pas principalement la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019objectifs pr\u00e9d\u00e9finis de performance biophysique, mais plut\u00f4t la n\u00e9gociation de valeurs multiples.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En plus d’\u00eatre applicable \u00e0 tous les paysages, la d\u00e9finition ci-dessus peut \u00e9galement concilier la plupart, sinon la totalit\u00e9, des nombreuses exp\u00e9riences importantes en mati\u00e8re de mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019approches paysag\u00e8res pr\u00e9sentes dans la litt\u00e9rature (voir sch\u00e9ma ci-dessous).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"DG<\/a>
Relations entre les divers paysages, une d\u00e9finition g\u00e9n\u00e9rique de \u00abl’approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb et les diverses applications de cette approche.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Toutefois, cela n\u2019est pas suffisant. Nous pouvons \u00eatre d’accord sur une d\u00e9finition de base de ce qu’est une \u00abapproche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb, mais sans satisfaire le besoin d’un cadre analytique qui peut aider \u00e0 faire avancer la recherche et le d\u00e9veloppement. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, l’\u00e9valuation joue un r\u00f4le important. Si l’approche paysag\u00e8re consiste \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier les valeurs de plusieurs objectifs, alors nous devons \u00eatre en mesure de comparer les r\u00e9sultats de ces diff\u00e9rents objectifs. Pour un <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9conomiste n\u00e9oclassique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> cela est conceptuellement simple, puisque toutes les valeurs doivent \u00eatre comprises dans une dimension, dans laquelle les mesures et analyses sont \u00e9tablies par des valeurs mon\u00e9taires. Ceci est une th\u00e9orie \u00e9conomique dominante et est \u00e9galement appliqu\u00e9 dans des initiatives importantes sur <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>la comptabilisation du capital naturel<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Toutefois, pour des raisons pratiques, \u00e9thiques et \u00e9conomiques, cette m\u00e9thode risque de ne pas toujours \u00eatre privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e dans un cadre paysager. Au lieu de cela, nous pouvons souvent faire face \u00e0 des situations o\u00f9 nous devons comparer et ajuster de fa\u00e7on pragmatique des pommes et des poires (ou peut-\u00eatre la for\u00eat et les cultures, la production alimentaire et le stockage de carbone, le revenu et la conservation). En outre, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>des m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9cision concernant des objectifs multiples <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>doivent \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es; celles-ci ne n\u00e9cessitent pas que toutes les valeurs soient compar\u00e9es sur une m\u00eame \u00e9chelle de mesure.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En d’autres termes, cela signifie que la n\u00e9gociation de l\u2019importance de diff\u00e9rents objectifs et r\u00e9sultats est une partie int\u00e9grante de l’approche paysag\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que cela semble complexe, une application en pratique peut, dans de nombreuses situations, impliquer des choix tr\u00e8s simples entre des actions concr\u00e8tes, par exemple au niveau d\u2019une ferme. Dans d’autres cas, ceci peut impliquer une mod\u00e9lisation et une planification de sc\u00e9narios tr\u00e8s sophistiqu\u00e9es dans le but d\u2019analyser des options politiques de grande envergure. Le point cl\u00e9 est que les m\u00e9thodes concernant les objectifs multiples peuvent fournir une base th\u00e9orique pour l’approche paysag\u00e8re, tout en menant vers un cadre analytique susceptible d\u2019aider la recherche \u00e0 analyser la performance et les cons\u00e9quences des mises en \u0153uvre de l’approche paysag\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Je me r\u00e9jouis d\u2019avance d’une discussion int\u00e9ressante et vivante sur la fa\u00e7on de faire \u00e9voluer l’approche paysag\u00e8re vers l\u2019\u00e9tape suivante.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le deuxi\u00e8me Forum Mondial sur les Paysages (FMP) se tiendra \u00e0 Lima au P\u00e9rou dans un peu moins d’un mois. L’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, la perspective paysag\u00e8re sur les d\u00e9fis majeurs du d\u00e9veloppement a vu un regain d’int\u00e9r\u00eat et d’engagement. Il existe de nouvelles recherches, des partenariats, de nombreux blogs, s\u00e9minaires, tables rondes et conf\u00e9rences, des travaux […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":25045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1072],"tags":[1647,1643,1406,723],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2965],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-25184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landscapes","tag-global-landscapes-forum","tag-landscape-approach","tag-lima","tag-peter-holmgren","language-francais","type-francais-chronique-du-dg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nN\u00e9gocier l'approche paysag\u00e8re - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/25184\/negocier-lapproche-paysagere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u00e9gocier l'approche paysag\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le deuxi\u00e8me Forum Mondial sur les Paysages (FMP) se tiendra \u00e0 Lima au P\u00e9rou dans un peu moins d’un mois. 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