{"id":25088,"date":"2014-11-05T22:36:19","date_gmt":"2014-11-05T15:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=25088"},"modified":"2015-10-06T10:29:18","modified_gmt":"2015-10-06T03:29:18","slug":"eclaircir-lapproche-paysagere-sommes-nous-sur-la-bonne-voie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/25088\/eclaircir-lapproche-paysagere-sommes-nous-sur-la-bonne-voie","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9claircir \u00abl&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb: sommes-nous sur la bonne voie?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_24900\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24900\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/7239765368_3fac663a7d_z.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24900 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/7239765368_3fac663a7d_z-500x332.jpg\" alt=\"7239765368_3fac663a7d_z\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24900\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paysage du Lac Sentani en Papouasie, en Indon\u00e9sie. \u00c9quilibrer les utilisations vari\u00e9es des terres entre les multiples acteurs -une approche paysag\u00e8re- gagne une certaine importance comme outil de gestion utile, malgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s inh\u00e9rentes. Photo: Mokhammad Edliadi\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les approches int\u00e9gr\u00e9es de la gestion des terres \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des paysages sont, depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, \u00e9videntes dans les secteurs du d\u00e9veloppement et de la conservation, sous des formes diverses. Mais en d\u00e9pit de leur promesse initiale, les strat\u00e9gies telles que les <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gwp.org\/The-Challenge\/What-is-IWRM\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programmes de d\u00e9veloppement et de conservation int\u00e9gr\u00e9s<\/a>, les <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbd.int\/ecosystem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Approches \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques<\/a> et la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gwp.org\/The-Challenge\/What-is-IWRM\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des bassins versants<\/a> ont dans de nombreux cas \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 atteindre de fa\u00e7on concomitante les objectifs de r\u00e9conciliation entre la conservation et le d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">N\u00e9anmoins, l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re int\u00e9gr\u00e9e gagne de l\u2019importance comme un outil de gestion des terres plus inclusif et \u00e9quitable, visant \u00e0 \u00e9quilibrer les demandes concurrentes entre les diff\u00e9rents secteurs. Bien qu&rsquo;il y ait eu de nombreuses tentatives r\u00e9centes pour <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.ecoagriculture.org\/2013\/06\/28\/sayer_principles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">d\u00e9crire<\/a> et <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/24254\/lapproche-paysagere-echappe-a-toute-definition-simple-et-cest-tant-mieux#.VBsMYC5_tbQ\">d\u00e9finir<\/a> l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re, un certain nombre de d\u00e9fis persistent. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><strong>Au <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Forum mondial pour les paysages<\/a>:<\/strong> \u00e0 quoi ressemblent les approches int\u00e9gr\u00e9es des paysages dans la pratique? Une session du Forum mondial sur les paysages, les 6 et 7 d\u00e9cembre \u00e0 Lima, sera consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 cela et \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres sujets. Rendez-vous sur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/glf-2014\/program\/agenda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ce lien<\/a> pour retrouver l&rsquo;agenda et plus d&rsquo;information sur la session.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00c0 cette fin, un r\u00e9cent s\u00e9minaire intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00c9claircir l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb, tenu \u00e0 Wageningen au Pays-Bas en septembre, visait \u00e0 parvenir \u00e0 un consensus sur l&rsquo;objectif de l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re et \u00e0 identifier les obstacles qui doivent \u00eatre surmont\u00e9s pour d&rsquo;affiner davantage le concept pour une mise en \u0153uvre plus vaste et plus s\u00fbre. Les participants ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 savoir ce qu\u2019est l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re, ce qui est nouveau dans cette approche par rapport \u00e0 des cadres pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents de gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des terres, et comment cette approche peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e pour le bien-\u00eatre des hommes et de la plan\u00e8te. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">PROGR\u00c8S OBSERV\u00c9S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Il est maintenant largement admis que nous devons nous \u00e9loigner des approches sectorielles \u00e9troites de la gestion des terres pour aller vers un ensemble d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s plus int\u00e9gr\u00e9, refl\u00e9tant le caract\u00e8re multifonctionnel des paysages. Comme le fait remarquer le conf\u00e9rencier Meine van Noordwijk du Centre Mondial de l&rsquo;Agroforesterie (ICRAF): \u00abNous savons que les for\u00eats et les exploitations agricoles se pr\u00e9sentent sous forme de mosa\u00efques, ce fait doit donc \u00eatre reconnu dans la politique et dans la pratique.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Nous devons accepter que l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re int\u00e9gr\u00e9e est un cadre qui doit \u00eatre aussi adaptable que le paysage dans lequel elle est appliqu\u00e9e.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les participants ont reconnu que l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re pourrait \u00eatre le moyen le plus efficace de progresser vers une gestion durable et \u00e9quitable des terres. Le cadre a le potentiel de r\u00e9pondre aux demandes concurrentes des moyens de subsistance locaux, de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, de la foresterie, de l&rsquo;agriculture et d&rsquo;autres secteurs ax\u00e9s sur des produits de base. En plus d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibrer ces activit\u00e9s d&rsquo;une mani\u00e8re holistique, l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re prend \u00e9galement en compte la nature dynamique des paysages. Comme le dit Rene Boot de Tropenbos International, \u00abnous avons affaire \u00e0 une cible mouvante\u00bb; par cons\u00e9quent, une strat\u00e9gie de gestion adaptative est n\u00e9cessaire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Lors du s\u00e9minaire, il y avait un consensus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur le fait que les approches paysag\u00e8res int\u00e9gr\u00e9es ont le potentiel de relever les d\u00e9fis environnementaux, sociaux et politiques, multiples et complexes, li\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion des terres. Cependant, il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu que ces approches ne fourniraient pas toujours les sc\u00e9narios \u00abgagnant-gagnant\u00bb tant souhait\u00e9s. Il y aura parfois des gagnants et des perdants; l&rsquo;un des d\u00e9fis consiste \u00e0 identifier des compromis et \u00e0 appliquer des solutions en cons\u00e9quence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Nous devons accepter que l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re int\u00e9gr\u00e9e est un cadre qui doit \u00eatre aussi adaptable que le paysage dans lequel elle est appliqu\u00e9e. Elle ne pr\u00e9tend pas \u00eatre une panac\u00e9e et ce qui fonctionne dans un contexte peut ne pas fonctionner ailleurs. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">DES OBSTACLES DEMEURENT <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Malgr\u00e9 la reconnaissance de ce que nous devons faire pour aller de l&rsquo;avant, il existe toujours un manque quant aux capacit\u00e9s d&rsquo;int\u00e9grer et de mettre en \u0153uvre l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re. Cela provient probablement d\u2019un manque d\u2019engagement entre les chercheurs, d\u00e9cideurs politiques et praticiens. Nous sommes toujours en train de nager dans <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/24714\/mettre-en-place-une-terminologie-a-la-recherche-de-litterature-grise-sur-les-paysages#.VDq4ZtSsVbQ\">une mer de terminologies<\/a>, associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re et d&rsquo;autres formes connexes. Sans consensus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral au sein de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique sur la d\u00e9finition ou les lignes directrices, la mise en \u0153uvre sur le terrain sera bloqu\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 lors du s\u00e9minaire que les agriculteurs locaux pensent d\u00e9j\u00e0 en termes de paysage, mais beaucoup de difficult\u00e9s persistent pour inculquer une solide gouvernance de l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re \u00e0 un niveau sup\u00e9rieur. Nous devons maintenant examiner ce que les gouvernements devraient faire en termes d\u2019am\u00e9nagement coordonn\u00e9 du territoire et ce que les chercheurs, les partenaires du d\u00e9veloppement et les bailleurs de fonds devraient faire pour faire avancer l&rsquo;approche paysag\u00e8re. En bref, nous devons commencer par faire tomber les barri\u00e8res de communication entre les multiples secteurs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 soulign\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il devrait y avoir une repr\u00e9sentation plus compl\u00e8te des parties prenantes lors de ces r\u00e9unions. O\u00f9 sont les agriculteurs, les repr\u00e9sentants des gouvernements locaux, les chefs de village et entreprises priv\u00e9es? En particulier les propri\u00e9taires fonciers locaux jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans la gestion des terres et devraient \u00eatre soutenus. Mais comme le pr\u00e9cise Edith van Walsum d\u2019ILEIA, \u00abnous devons aussi \u00e9viter de \u00abrendre symbolique\u00bb l&rsquo;inclusion des praticiens, chefs et personnages locaux en ce qui concerne la prise de d\u00e9cision\u00bb. Au lieu de cela, nous devons investir dans leurs capacit\u00e9s et leurs connaissances en leur donnant une place \u00e0 la table des prises de d\u00e9cision. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le s\u00e9minaire \u00ab \u00c9claircir l\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re \u00bb \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par Agnes van Ardenne, pr\u00e9sident de LandschappenNL et ancien ministre de la Coop\u00e9ration pour le D\u00e9veloppement du gouvernement des Pays-Bas. Les conf\u00e9renciers et membres du panel incluent Ren\u00e9 Boot (Tropenbos International), Jeff Campbell (FAO), Ingrid Duchhart (WUR), Koen Kusters (WiW), James Reed (CIFOR), Meine van Noordwijk (ICRAF) et Edith van Walsum (ILEIA). Le s\u00e9minaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 coordonn\u00e9 par Tropenbos International et co-organis\u00e9 par ILEIA &#8211; Centre d&rsquo;Apprentissage sur l&rsquo;Agriculture Durable, l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 et le Centre de Recherche de Wageningen, l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Utrecht, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 N\u00e9erlandaise des For\u00eats Tropicales, le Minist\u00e8re n\u00e9erlandais des Affaires \u00e9conomiques et le Minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les approches int\u00e9gr\u00e9es de la gestion des terres \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des paysages sont, depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, \u00e9videntes dans les secteurs du d\u00e9veloppement et de la conservation, sous des formes diverses. Mais en d\u00e9pit de leur promesse initiale, les strat\u00e9gies telles que les Programmes de d\u00e9veloppement et de conservation int\u00e9gr\u00e9s, les Approches \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques et la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":158,"featured_media":24900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1072],"tags":[382,1647,1643,526],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[1717,1405],"class_list":["post-25088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landscapes","tag-forest-management","tag-global-landscapes-forum","tag-landscape-approach","tag-sustainable-development","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9claircir \u00abl&#039;approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb: sommes-nous sur la bonne voie? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/25088\/eclaircir-lapproche-paysagere-sommes-nous-sur-la-bonne-voie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c9claircir \u00abl&#039;approche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb: sommes-nous sur la bonne voie?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les approches int\u00e9gr\u00e9es de la gestion des terres \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des paysages sont, depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, \u00e9videntes dans les secteurs du d\u00e9veloppement et de la conservation, sous des formes diverses. 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