{"id":24987,"date":"2014-10-28T19:44:47","date_gmt":"2014-10-28T12:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=24987"},"modified":"2015-10-07T10:20:56","modified_gmt":"2015-10-07T03:20:56","slug":"miracle-de-developpement-ou-desastre-environnemental-au-dela-de-la-controverse-sur-le-palmier-a-huile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/24987\/miracle-de-developpement-ou-desastre-environnemental-au-dela-de-la-controverse-sur-le-palmier-a-huile","title":{"rendered":"Miracle de d\u00e9veloppement ou d\u00e9sastre environnemental ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_24745\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24745\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/PALM-OIL-MAIN.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24745 size-large\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/PALM-OIL-MAIN-500x375.jpg\" alt=\"Juara yang tak terkalahkan, buah dari kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis), yang terlihat di sini adalah di Indonesia, menghasilkan lebih banyak minyak dibandingkan tanaman lain. Hari Priyadi\/CIFOR photo\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24745\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poids \u00e9gal, les fruits du palmier \u00e0 huile (Elaeis guineensis), ici en Indon\u00e9sie, produisent plus d&rsquo;huile que n&rsquo;importe que autre culture. Photo: Hari Priyadi\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">NAIROBI, Kenya \u2013 Pour l&rsquo;industrie agro-alimentaire et les petits paysans des tropiques, c&rsquo;est une plante vraiment miraculeuse. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pour beaucoup d&rsquo;ONG et de groupes indig\u00e8nes, c&rsquo;est une grave menace pour les droits des terres et pour l&rsquo;environnement. Alors qu&rsquo;en est-il? Comment une plante, \u00e0 elle seule -le palmier \u00e0 huile- peut-elle susciter tant de divergences de points de vue?<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">La conversion de for\u00eat primaire en plantations mono-sp\u00e9cifiques de palmiers \u00e0 huile est sans aucun doute un d\u00e9sastre \u00e9cologique.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Ce sont les questions qu&rsquo;Alain Rival et Patrice Levang aborde<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">nt dans leur livre \u00abLa palme des controverses: p<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">almier \u00e0 huile et enjeux de d\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00bb, r\u00e9cemment traduit en anglais (\u00ab<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/4860\/palms-of-controversies-oil-palm-and-development-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00bb) <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">et publi\u00e9 en ligne par le <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00abLe probl\u00e8me\u00bb, \u00e9crivent les auteurs, \u00abce n&rsquo;est pas le palmier \u00e0 huile, mais la mani\u00e8re dont les personnes ont choisi de l&rsquo;exploiter\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lors du <\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">:<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> dans un climat changeant, existe-t-il un futur durable pour les produits comme l&rsquo;huile de palme? Des experts aborderont cette questions ainsi que d&rsquo;autres th\u00e8mes lors de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/glf-2014\/agenda-item\/day-1-dec-6\/keynotes-in-town-hall-meeting\/climate-change-supply-change-future-sustainable-commodities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">cette session<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> au Forum mondial sur les paysages \u00e0 Lima, les 6 et 7 d\u00e9cembre.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">M.Rival, du <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cirad.fr\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">CIRAD<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">, un centre de recherche fran\u00e7ais sur l&rsquo;agriculture et l&rsquo;environnement, du CIFOR et de l&rsquo;Institut fran\u00e7ais de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.ird.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">IRD<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">, utilise des donn\u00e9es et son exp\u00e9rience du terrain pour apporter une image exhaustive et nuanc\u00e9e du palmier \u00e0 huile \u2013 une image qui manquait jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent dans les d\u00e9bats controvers\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;un des produits agricoles les plus importants au monde.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24799\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24799\" style=\"width: 153px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a class=\"fancyboximage\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Palm_Oil_Balance_EXCERPT.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24799 size-medium\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Palm_Oil_Balance_EXCERPT-153x305.jpg\" alt=\"Palm_Oil_Balance_EXCERPT\" width=\"153\" height=\"305\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24799\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Chemin de la ruine&#8230; ou du salut? <a class=\"fancyboximage\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Palm_Oil_Balance_WIP6.jpg\">Cliquez ici<\/a> pour visualiser\u00a0l&rsquo;histoire d&rsquo;une denr\u00e9e controvers\u00e9e.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">La plante ne peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e ni comme un vecteur de d\u00e9veloppement, comme revendiqu\u00e9 par des entreprises, ni comme un signe avant-coureur de pauvret\u00e9, comme l&rsquo;affirment beaucoup d&rsquo;ONG, explique M.Levang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00abLa r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est plus complexe. Le palmier \u00e0 huile n&rsquo;est ni l&rsquo;un ni l&rsquo;autre, mais les deux \u00e0 la fois\u00bb, dit-il. \u00abLe verdict diff\u00e8re en fonction du site choisi, de la p\u00e9riode concern\u00e9e et des individus interrog\u00e9s\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aujourd&rsquo;hui, des palmiers \u00e0 huile ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plant\u00e9s sur pr\u00e8s de 18 millions d&rsquo;hectares de terres des tropiques -une zone proche de la taille du Cambodge. Les auteurs reconnaissent que l&rsquo;impact environnemental de l&rsquo;expansion du palmier \u00e0 huile a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00abd\u00e9sastreux\u00bb, en particulier en Asie du Sud-Est, o\u00f9 cela s&rsquo;est fait au d\u00e9triment des for\u00eats tropicales, dans un des r\u00e9servoirs de biodiversit\u00e9 les plus extraordinaires au monde. En juste quelques dizaines d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es, l&rsquo;Indon\u00e9sie a assist\u00e9 \u00e0 la conversion de plus de 5 millions d&rsquo;hectares de for\u00eat primaire et la Malaisie \u00e0 celle de plus de 4 millions d&rsquo;hectares. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00abLa conversion de for\u00eat primaire en plantations mono-sp\u00e9cifiques de palmiers \u00e0 huile est sans aucun doute un d\u00e9sastre \u00e9cologique\u00bb, \u00e9crivent MM.Rival et Levang. Mais ils notent aussi que la plante en tant que telle n&rsquo;en porte pas la responsabilit\u00e9, et ils affirment qu&rsquo;il est temps de se d\u00e9tacher de positions extr\u00eamement diabolisantes ou de montagnes d&rsquo;\u00e9loges envers le palmier \u00e0 huile, pour plut\u00f4t identifier des moyens d&rsquo;assurer que sa production soit durable. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UNE \u00abMACHINE A HUILE NATURELLE\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Le livre r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 illustrer \u00e0 quel point le palmier \u00e0 huile est remarquable. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alors que de nombreuses personnes associent le palmier \u00e0 huile avec la Malaisie et l&rsquo;Indon\u00e9sie, les esp\u00e8ces qui produisent la plupart de l&rsquo;huile de palme r\u00e9colt\u00e9e aujourd&rsquo;hui, l&rsquo;Elaeis guineensis est originaire des tropiques humides de l&rsquo;Ouest et du Centre de l&rsquo;Afrique. L\u00e0, il est tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 comme une plante \u00e0 valeurs multiples qui fournit de l&rsquo;huile de palme, de l&rsquo;huile de palmiste, du vin de palme, du c\u0153ur de palmier, et une s\u00e9rie de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res pour la construction ou l&rsquo;artisanat traditionnel, comprenant des mat\u00e9riaux pour les toits de chaume, les barri\u00e8res, pour renforcer les constructions de terre, pour les paniers, les filets, les cordes et les balais. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L&rsquo;huile de palme est maintenant l&rsquo;huile v\u00e9g\u00e9tale la plus consomm\u00e9e sur Terre, repr\u00e9sentant plus d&rsquo;un tiers de la production mondiale. La consommation mondiale moyenne d&rsquo;huile de palme par t\u00eate a plus que doubl\u00e9, passant de 11 kg en 1976 \u00e0 24,7 kg en 2009. Sa popularit\u00e9 repose en partie sur sa polyvalence \u2013ce n&rsquo;est pas qu&rsquo;une huile de friture, on la retrouve aussi dans la margarine, les p\u00e2tisseries, bon nombre de produits alimentaires transform\u00e9s, les cosm\u00e9tiques, savons, lubrifiants, bougies, produits pharmaceutiques et agrochimiques, les peintures et m\u00eame l&rsquo;\u00e9lectronique. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Le palmier \u00e0 huile peut satisfaire cette demande parce que c&rsquo;est une v\u00e9ritable \u00abmachine \u00e0 huile naturelle\u00bb, \u00e9crivent les auteurs: il occupe 7% de la terre d\u00e9di\u00e9e aux plantes productrices d&rsquo;huile dans le monde, mais produit 39% de l&rsquo;offre mondiale d&rsquo;huile v\u00e9g\u00e9tale. (Le soja produit 27% de l&rsquo;huile v\u00e9g\u00e9tale mondiale, mais occupe 61% de la terre utilis\u00e9e pour produire de l&rsquo;huile.) De plus, la productivit\u00e9 du palmier \u00e0 huile par hectare de culture d\u00e9passe tout autre culture productrice d&rsquo;huile, et il requiert beaucoup moins de pesticides que d&rsquo;autres cultures, note l&rsquo;ouvrage. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UN MODEL DE DEVELOPPEMENT<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Assailli par un choeur grandissant d&rsquo;activistes anti-d\u00e9forestation, l&rsquo;industrie de l&rsquo;huile de palme a affirm\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il ne servait \u00e0 rien de boycotter l&rsquo;huile de palme, puisque remplacer le palmier par une autre culture productrice d&rsquo;huile, comme le soja ou le tournesol, impliquerait de convertir huit fois plus de zone foresti\u00e8re pour les produire. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <\/span><span id=\"Cadre4\" dir=\"LTR\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">Interview du chercheur sur les huiles de palme: <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">\u00abNe confondez pas la culture avec les personnes qui les d\u00e9veloppent\u00bb, dit l&rsquo;expert du CIFOR Patrice Levang dans une interview <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/24743\/dont-confuse-the-crop-with-the-people-who-develop-it-qa-with-palm-oil-researcher\">\u00e0 lire ici.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">MM.Rival et Levang jugent ces arguments trompeurs, notant qu&rsquo;aucune de ces cultures ne requiert de d\u00e9forestation, et qu&rsquo;il y a un potentiel dans l&rsquo;intensification \u00e9cologique et dans les programmes de certification comme la Table ronde pour une huile de palme durable (en anglais <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rspo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">(RSPO).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">La production d&rsquo;huile de palme ne requiert pas non plus syst\u00e9matiquement l&rsquo;implication de l&rsquo;industrie agricole, disent-ils. Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de la production d&rsquo;huile de palme actuelle ne provient pas de plantations industrielles, mais de petites exploitations. Pr\u00e8s de 3 millions de petits paysans \u00e0 travers le monde participent \u00e0 ce secteur. En Indon\u00e9sie, 25 millions de personnes vivraient indirectement de la culture de palmiers \u00e0 huile. En Afrique occidentale et centrale, l&rsquo;huile de palme est souvent produite dans des plantations de petits villages avec divers arbres de culture. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les auteurs soutiennent que les plantations de palmiers \u00e0 huile peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s sans d\u00e9truire de vastes bandes de for\u00eats tropicales. Les mod\u00e8les de d\u00e9veloppement incluent des techniques d&rsquo;agroforesterie vari\u00e9es, une mosa\u00efque de d\u00e9veloppements et une planification \u00e9cologique du paysage. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Le d\u00e9fi, selon les auteurs, ne sera pas d&#8217;emp\u00eacher l\u2019expansion du secteur de l&rsquo;huile de palme, mais d&rsquo;encourager des formes de d\u00e9veloppement qui visent \u00e0 minimiser les impacts n\u00e9gatifs sur la biodiversit\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre des populations locales. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/4860\/palms-of-controversies-oil-palm-and-development-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"> est disponible en anglais gratuitement en ligne en <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/4860\/palms-of-controversies-oil-palm-and-development-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">cliquant ici<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><b>Pour plus d&rsquo;information sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Patrice Levang sur <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"mailto:p.levang@cgiar.org\"><b>p.levang@cgiar.org<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><b> ou Alain Rival sur <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"mailto:alain.rival@cirad.fr\"><b>alain.rival@cirad.fr<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><b>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><i><b>La recherche du CIFOR sur le palmier \u00e0 huile est en partie soutenue par <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><i><b>le <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><i><b>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\"><i><b>.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NAIROBI, Kenya \u2013 Pour l&rsquo;industrie agro-alimentaire et les petits paysans des tropiques, c&rsquo;est une plante vraiment miraculeuse. Pour beaucoup d&rsquo;ONG et de groupes indig\u00e8nes, c&rsquo;est une grave menace pour les droits des terres et pour l&rsquo;environnement. Alors qu&rsquo;en est-il? Comment une plante, \u00e0 elle seule -le palmier \u00e0 huile- peut-elle susciter tant de divergences de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":24745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188,1072],"tags":[322,25,390,371,51,289,382,283,111,1702,133],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1525],"class_list":["post-24987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-and-diets","category-landscapes","tag-africa","tag-agriculture","tag-deforestacion","tag-deforestation","tag-development","tag-food-security","tag-forest-management","tag-latin-america","tag-palm-oil","tag-plantations","tag-southeast-asia","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Miracle de d\u00e9veloppement ou d\u00e9sastre environnemental ? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/24987\/miracle-de-developpement-ou-desastre-environnemental-au-dela-de-la-controverse-sur-le-palmier-a-huile\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miracle de d\u00e9veloppement ou d\u00e9sastre environnemental ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NAIROBI, Kenya \u2013 Pour l&rsquo;industrie agro-alimentaire et les petits paysans des tropiques, c&rsquo;est une plante vraiment miraculeuse. Pour beaucoup d&rsquo;ONG et de groupes indig\u00e8nes, c&rsquo;est une grave menace pour les droits des terres et pour l&rsquo;environnement. Alors qu&rsquo;en est-il? 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