{"id":24934,"date":"2014-10-27T21:08:52","date_gmt":"2014-10-27T14:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=24934"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:31:25","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:31:25","slug":"au-vietnam-la-transition-forestiere-entraine-des-changements-de-politique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/24934\/au-vietnam-la-transition-forestiere-entraine-des-changements-de-politique","title":{"rendered":"Au Vietnam, la transition foresti\u00e8re entra\u00eene des changements de politique"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"11291387135_a8affebbf0_z\"<\/a>
Collines bois\u00e9es du nord du Vietnam. Le pays a subi la perte d\u2019une grande partie de ses for\u00eats originelles et m\u00e8ne actuellement des initiatives financi\u00e8res pour maintenir ce qu’il reste. Photo:\u00a0Flickr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le Vietnam a subi une transition foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 tr\u00e8s grande \u00e9chelle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Entre 1943 et 1990, le pays a perdu 5 millions d’hectares (ha) de for\u00eat, ce qui ne repr\u00e9sente pas moins de 28% de sa superficie terrestre totale. Le gouvernement a r\u00e9pondu par des mesures de reboisement, comprenant le d\u00e9veloppement de plantations, la r\u00e9-cat\u00e9gorisation des for\u00eats, des r\u00e9formes fonci\u00e8res et l’am\u00e9lioration de la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle des for\u00eats. Ceci a \u00e9tendu la couverture foresti\u00e8re sur environ 40% de la superficie terrestre en 2011<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, la superficie des for\u00eats naturelles au Vietnam, tout comme leur \u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, sont encore en d\u00e9clin. L’\u00e9tude du CIFOR sur la REDD+ au Vietnam<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> a identifi\u00e9 les facteurs principaux de la d\u00e9forestation: la conversion des terres pour l’agriculture et l’infrastructure, l’exploitation foresti\u00e8re non durable et les feux de for\u00eat. Toutefois, d’autres forces moins \u00e9videntes sont \u00e9galement en jeu, y compris la demande croissante pour les produits forestiers et les terres, la croissance \u00e9conomique, l\u2019\u00e9volution des facteurs d\u00e9mographiques, ainsi que les politiques actuelles qui favorisent des pratiques d’utilisation des terres non durables. La superficie des \u00abfor\u00eats primaires\u00bb restantes a \u00e9t\u00e9 estim\u00e9e \u00e0 80 000 ha en 2010, ce qui repr\u00e9sente seulement 1% de la superficie nationale du Vietnam<\/a>. Ces for\u00eats naturelles du Vietnam repr\u00e9sentent les stocks les plus riches en biodiversit\u00e9 et en carbone du pays, tout en assurant \u00e9galement une protection importante des bassins versants. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Les PSEF repr\u00e9sentent une avanc\u00e9e majeure pour le secteur forestier du Vietnam et ils ont subi de nombreuses modifications et am\u00e9liorations au cours de la phase pilote<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pour am\u00e9liorer la quantit\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 des for\u00eats, le gouvernement a introduit en 2008 le programme de Paiements pour Services Environnementaux des For\u00eats (PSEF). Par des financements du secteur priv\u00e9, les PSEF cherchent \u00e9galement \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les charges financi\u00e8res du secteur forestier du gouvernement central et visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le bien-\u00eatre social de la population locale. Suite aux projets pilotes de 2008 dans les provinces de Son La et Lam Dong, les PSEF ont \u00e9t\u00e9 institutionnalis\u00e9s \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle nationale en 2011, une premi\u00e8re en Asie du Sud-Est.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le CIFOR a suivi les progr\u00e8s du programme de pr\u00e8s depuis ses d\u00e9buts, en \u00e9valuant sa performance \u00e0 travers des \u00ab3 E\u00bb – efficacit\u00e9, efficience et \u00e9quit\u00e9 \u2013 afin d\u2019en tirer des enseignements comparatifs pour d\u2019autres programmes mondiaux de PSE (Paiements pour Services Ecosyst\u00e9miques<\/a>), ainsi que pour les m\u00e9canismes de partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices <\/a>obtenus par la R\u00e9duction des Emissions issues de la D\u00e9forestation et la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats (REDD+). L\u2019\u00c9tude Comparative Mondiale du CIFOR sur la REDD+<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> reconna\u00eet le soutien des revenus que la REDD+ peut fournir au syst\u00e8me national de PSEF et aux strat\u00e9gies de r\u00e9duction de la pauvret\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Vietnam est \u00e9galement l’un des six pays \u00e9tudi\u00e9s dans le cadre du projet actuel de Partage des B\u00e9n\u00e9fices<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> du CIFOR, financ\u00e9 par la Commission europ\u00e9enne. L\u2019accent est mis en particulier sur la gouvernance foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 multiples niveaux, dans le contexte de la REDD+, et sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation des perceptions locales concernant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 des PSEF<\/a>. Ces \u00e9tudes visent \u00e0 fournir de nouvelles informations sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des prises de d\u00e9cision \u00e0 multiples \u00e9chelles sur l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire, en \u00e9valuant davantage les aspects de proc\u00e9dure et de distribution des PSEF.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abDES RESSOURCES FINANCI\u00c8RES CONSID\u00c9RABLES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les succ\u00e8s et d\u00e9fis du programme de PSEF au Vietnam ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s lors d\u2019un r\u00e9cent atelier \u00e0 Hano\u00ef, o\u00f9 le CIFOR a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un expos\u00e9 sur les enseignements tir\u00e9s de ses recherches<\/a>. Le but de l’atelier, organis\u00e9 par le Fonds Vietnamien pour les For\u00eats et la Protection (VNFF), \u00e9tait de d\u00e9velopper des id\u00e9es sur l’avenir du programme de PSEF, tout en soulignant les possibilit\u00e9s d’am\u00e9lioration des politiques. L’atelier a montr\u00e9 la volont\u00e9 du gouvernement vietnamien d’apprendre des le\u00e7ons du programme PSEF et des programmes similaires dans les pays limitrophes. Des acteurs nationaux et provinciaux de PSEF, ainsi que des chercheurs nationaux et internationaux, ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cet atelier.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les intervenants de l’atelier ont salu\u00e9 l’engagement du gouvernement face au programme de PSEF, qui a g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00abdes ressources financi\u00e8res consid\u00e9rables pour la protection des for\u00eats vietnamiennes\u00bb, d\u00e9clare le Dr Vu Tan Phuong de l’Acad\u00e9mie Vietnamienne des Sciences Foresti\u00e8res \u2013 soit environ 142 millions de dollars depuis la mise en \u0153uvre du programme. Les services li\u00e9s \u00e0 la protection des bassins versants repr\u00e9sentent la grande majorit\u00e9 de cet argent; les acheteurs \u00e9tant les centrales hydro\u00e9lectriques qui paient les propri\u00e9taires forestiers en tant que fournisseurs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n[slideshare id=36445576&doc=meciforatpesworkshop-140629215431-phpapp02]
\nSuivi et \u00e9valuation du syst\u00e8me de PSEF : conclusions principales et recommandations politiques <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong>du <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

L’atelier n’a pas manqu\u00e9 de discuter des lacunes du programme, comme par exemple le faible taux de paiement par hectare de for\u00eat. Ces d\u00e9fis refl\u00e8tent ceux identifi\u00e9s dans le rapport du CIFOR, concernant le sujet \u00abde la politique \u00e0 la pratique\u00bb<\/a> des PSEF. Ce rapport note: \u00abLes paiements PSEF sont trop modestes pour couvrir les gains \u00e9conomiques non per\u00e7us de la d\u00e9forestation\u00bb. Il est sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que regrouper des programmes sociaux et environnementaux<\/a>, y compris la REDD+, avec les PSEF pourrait fournir des mesures incitatives et des fonds plus importants afin de parvenir \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats environnementaux ou durables pour le d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De plus, l’atelier a soulign\u00e9 la mise en \u0153uvre incompl\u00e8te de politiques visant les PSEF et un syst\u00e8me de suivi inad\u00e9quat pour \u00e9valuer les cons\u00e9quences de la mise en \u0153uvre des PSEF. Ces d\u00e9ficiences ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9es dans le rapport du CIFOR, qui d\u00e9clare que, malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9alisation d’un inventaire forestier national, les donn\u00e9es disponibles sont insuffisantes pour d\u00e9limiter les zones foresti\u00e8res ou pour \u00e9valuer la qualit\u00e9 des for\u00eats au niveau local. En outre, il n’y a pas de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences de base concernant les conditions environnementales et socio-\u00e9conomiques n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s de la performance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, malgr\u00e9 ces d\u00e9fis, les participants de l’atelier sont rest\u00e9s optimistes. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes PSEF repr\u00e9sentent une avanc\u00e9e majeure pour le secteur forestier du Vietnam et ils ont subi de nombreuses modifications et am\u00e9liorations au cours de la phase pilote\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Mme Pham Thu Thuy, une scientifique du CIFOR bas\u00e9e au Vietnam. Pour que le programme obtienne des r\u00e9sultats efficaces, efficients et \u00e9quitables, \u00ables d\u00e9cideurs politiques doivent travailler \u00e0 l’\u00e9laboration d’un syst\u00e8me fonctionnel de suivi et d’\u00e9valuation, avec un m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9clamation accessible, afin d\u2019assurer la transparence\u00bb, dit-elle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les mesures r\u00e9centes prises par le gouvernement vietnamien indiquent que cela peut avoir lieu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n[slideshare id=39552226&doc=cifor-140926020319-phpapp02]<\/p>\n

Les le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es des recherches du CIFOR sur les PSEF au Vietnam <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>du <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Depuis l’atelier, une r\u00e9union PSEF de haut niveau a eu lieu, le vice-premier ministre Hoang Trung Hai et le Minist\u00e8re vietnamien de l’Agriculture et du D\u00e9veloppement rural (MADR) ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une proposition de r\u00e9vision des politiques de PSEF. Dr Phuong a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le MADR et le VNFF s\u2019appliqueront \u00e0 finaliser les politiques de soutien \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des PSEF, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9parer les documents d’orientation. Entre temps, un syst\u00e8me de suivi et d’\u00e9valuation sera plac\u00e9 en priorit\u00e9 pour assurer une mise en \u0153uvre plus efficace et transparente des PSEF. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces mesures pourraient \u00eatre efficaces sur le long terme pour prot\u00e9ger les derni\u00e8res for\u00eats primaires du Vietnam.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d\u2019informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Anastasia Yang sur a.yang@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Vietnam a subi une transition foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 tr\u00e8s grande \u00e9chelle. Entre 1943 et 1990, le pays a perdu 5 millions d’hectares (ha) de for\u00eat, ce qui ne repr\u00e9sente pas moins de 28% de sa superficie terrestre totale. Le gouvernement a r\u00e9pondu par des mesures de reboisement, comprenant le d\u00e9veloppement de plantations, la r\u00e9-cat\u00e9gorisation des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":153,"featured_media":24737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,13,1072,151],"tags":[668,371,51,58,1426,4375,1701,123,133,591],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[1700],"class_list":["post-24934","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-governance","category-landscapes","category-redd-2","tag-benefit-sharing","tag-deforestation","tag-development","tag-ecosystem-services","tag-payment-for-environmental-services","tag-pes","tag-pfes","tag-redd","tag-southeast-asia","tag-vietnam","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAu Vietnam, la transition foresti\u00e8re entra\u00eene des changements de politique - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/24934\/au-vietnam-la-transition-forestiere-entraine-des-changements-de-politique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Au Vietnam, la transition foresti\u00e8re entra\u00eene des changements de politique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Vietnam a subi une transition foresti\u00e8re \u00e0 tr\u00e8s grande \u00e9chelle. 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