{"id":24690,"date":"2014-10-09T18:29:51","date_gmt":"2014-10-09T11:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=24690"},"modified":"2017-11-22T10:10:06","modified_gmt":"2017-11-22T03:10:06","slug":"la-declaration-de-new-york-sur-les-forets-suscite-eloges-et-inquietudes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/24690\/la-declaration-de-new-york-sur-les-forets-suscite-eloges-et-inquietudes","title":{"rendered":"La D\u00e9claration de New York sur les For\u00eats suscite \u00e9loges et inqui\u00e9tudes"},"content":{"rendered":"

NEW YORK \u2014 Pour les for\u00eats, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019un moment historique. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La D\u00e9claration de New York sur les For\u00eats<\/a>, sign\u00e9e fin septembre 2014 lors du Sommet des Nations unies sur le Climat, \u00e9tait remarquable non seulement par son ambition de r\u00e9duire de moiti\u00e9 la d\u00e9forestation d’ici 2020 et de l\u2019arr\u00eater d\u2019ici 2030, mais \u00e9galement par le vaste soutien des gouvernements, entreprises et groupes autochtones. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le temps montrera si le pacte sera fructueux, selon des experts. Ces-derniers ont salu\u00e9 les objectifs de la d\u00e9claration, mais ont exprim\u00e9 des pr\u00e9occupations au sujet de certaines de ses limites.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Daniel Nepstad<\/a>: C’est une \u00e9tape tr\u00e8s importante, parce qu’elle tient compte de nombreuses innovations qui arrivent… Dans quelques ann\u00e9es, avec une nouvelle s\u00e9rie de principes et de crit\u00e8res, elle pourrait avoir une meilleure emprise sur la d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00abCe soutien important est vraiment quelque chose de positif qui \u00e9mane de la Semaine du Climat<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Peter Holmgren, Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale <\/a>(CIFOR). \u00abCe n’est pas tous les ans que les chefs d’Etat se r\u00e9unissent et parlent de for\u00eats, d’agriculture et d\u2019engagements.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes entreprises priv\u00e9es vont dans un sens que beaucoup d’entre nous pensent \u00eatre une bonne direction: prendre en compte le changement climatique dans leurs cha\u00eenes de valeur et saisir cette occasion pour faire des affaires.\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plus de 30 pays, ainsi que 30 entreprises, ont sign\u00e9 la d\u00e9claration, y compris Golden Agri-Resources, Cargill, Asia Pulp and Paper, McDonald\u2019s, Nestle et Kellogg\u2019s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Carlos Nobre<\/a>: Le Br\u00e9sil n’a pas sign\u00e9 \u00e0 cause de restrictions diplomatiques et, disons, juridiques, car la d\u00e9claration indique \u2018z\u00e9ro d\u00e9forestation\u2019, tandis que la loi br\u00e9silienne actuelle accepte un certain taux restreint de d\u00e9forestation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00abTenter d’arr\u00eater la d\u00e9forestation et de coop\u00e9rer avec le secteur priv\u00e9 est un objectif nouveau et utile. Je pense que c’est une des choses qui \u00e9taient perceptibles tout au long de la semaine du climat \u00e0 New York\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Louis Verchot, directeur de la Recherche sur les For\u00eats et l\u2019Environnement au CIFOR. \u00abL’engagement du secteur priv\u00e9 est \u00e0 un beaucoup \u00e9lev\u00e9 qu’il ne l’a \u00e9t\u00e9 par le pass\u00e9.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

REFUS DU BR\u00c9SIL <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne les pays signataires de la D\u00e9claration, il y avait une absence notable. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le refus du Br\u00e9sil de signer la d\u00e9claration contraste avec ses progr\u00e8s dans la lutte contre la d\u00e9forestation. Au cours des 10 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le Br\u00e9sil a r\u00e9duit sa d\u00e9forestation de pr\u00e8s de 80%, bien qu\u2019en 2013 il y ait eu une l\u00e9g\u00e8re augmentation des terres d\u00e9bois\u00e9es. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe Br\u00e9sil n’a pas sign\u00e9 \u00e0 cause de restrictions diplomatiques et, disons, juridiques, car la d\u00e9claration indique \u2018z\u00e9ro d\u00e9forestation\u2019, tandis que la loi br\u00e9silienne actuelle accepte un certain taux restreint de d\u00e9forestation\u00bb, explique Carlos Nobre, le Secr\u00e9taire national de la Politique de Recherche et de D\u00e9veloppement au sein du Minist\u00e8re br\u00e9silien de la Science, la Technologie et l\u2019Innovation. \u00abToutefois, le Br\u00e9sil a l’intention d\u2019arr\u00eater bient\u00f4t totalement la d\u00e9forestation.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00c9DUIRE LE CARBONE, ABSORBER LE CARBONE <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

En cas de succ\u00e8s, la d\u00e9claration aurait des effets consid\u00e9rables, non seulement sur les for\u00eats mais aussi sur le climat: les \u00e9missions de carbone dues \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation pourraient \u00eatre r\u00e9duites de 4,5 milliards \u00e0 8,8 milliards de tonnes par an<\/a> \u2013 ce qui \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s aux \u00e9missions annuelles des \u00c9tats-Unis. En absorbant jusqu’\u00e0 45% des \u00e9missions de carbone<\/a>, les for\u00eats jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le de filet de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le syst\u00e8me climatique actuel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Eduardo Brondizio<\/a>: Je ne pense pas qu’elle souligne suffisamment le potentiel \u00e9conomique de ce qu’offrent les for\u00eats… Les for\u00eats sont centrales pour l’\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

En plus d’\u00eatre des puits efficaces de carbone, les for\u00eats jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 au sein des paysages en soutenant la productivit\u00e9 agricole par des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, tels que la pollinisation, le maintien de la qualit\u00e9 de l’eau, la recharge des nappes phr\u00e9atiques et le maintien de la qualit\u00e9 des sols. Il est estim\u00e9 que 1,6 milliard de personnes<\/a>, vivant dans et \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des for\u00eats, d\u00e9pendent fortement de ces for\u00eats pour leurs moyens de subsistance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CERTAINES PR\u00c9OCCUPATIONS PERSISTENT<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bien que la d\u00e9claration suscite des \u00e9loges, il existe des inqui\u00e9tudes quant \u00e0 son approche. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa d\u00e9claration de l’ONU contribue \u00e0 faire reconna\u00eetre les for\u00eats comme un sujet majeur pour la conservation, ainsi que pour l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique, dans les 10 \u00e0 20 prochaines ann\u00e9es\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Eduardo Brond\u00edzio, professeur d’anthropologie et professeur adjoint en sciences environnementales et en g\u00e9ographie \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 d’Indiana. \u00abPar contre, elle semble placer les for\u00eats du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la conservation, plut\u00f4t que du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la gestion.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Louis Verchot<\/a>: Il y a beaucoup d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments positifs (dans la d\u00e9claration), mais les d\u00e9fauts sont importants.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Certains experts ont \u00e9galement exprim\u00e9 la crainte que la d\u00e9claration isole les for\u00eats, en les s\u00e9parant de leurs r\u00f4les \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s \u00e0 d’autres utilisations des terres.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa d\u00e9claration est insuffisante dans le sens o\u00f9 elle consid\u00e8re les for\u00eats comme une entit\u00e9 et non comme une entit\u00e9 au sein d\u2019un paysage\u00bb, dit M. Verchot. \u00abL’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’utilisation des terres auraient constitu\u00e9es une tr\u00e8s belle d\u00e9claration.\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abL’agriculture est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de 80% de la d\u00e9forestation dans les zones tropicales et est la principale cause de la perte de biodiversit\u00e9\u00bb, poursuit-il. Toutefois, elle est \u00e9galement essentielle \u00e0 la survie de l’homme \u2013 rien qu\u2019en Afrique, l’agriculture assure les moyens de subsistance de 80% de la population du continent, selon lui.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les for\u00eats \u00aboffrent toutes sortes de services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, y compris ceux qui soutiennent l’agriculture, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et une nutrition \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Verchot. \u00abPar cons\u00e9quent, aborder s\u00e9par\u00e9ment les for\u00eats et l’agriculture n’a pas de sens. Les deux syst\u00e8mes d’utilisation des terres sont essentiels pour le bien-\u00eatre humain. Certains compromis entre ces deux syst\u00e8mes doivent \u00eatre reconnus et \u00e9tablis\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Holmgren du CIFOR est du m\u00eame avis. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl y a \u00e9tonnamment peu de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences crois\u00e9es entre la d\u00e9claration sur les for\u00eats et la d\u00e9claration sur l’agriculture; les arrangements institutionnels concernant ces deux secteurs demeurent s\u00e9par\u00e9s\u00bb, dit-il. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCeci limite incontestablement nos options. Nous avons une bien meilleure chance de trouver des solutions si nous agissons au-del\u00e0 des secteurs<\/a>\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NEW YORK \u2014 Pour les for\u00eats, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019un moment historique. La D\u00e9claration de New York sur les For\u00eats, sign\u00e9e fin septembre 2014 lors du Sommet des Nations unies sur le Climat, \u00e9tait remarquable non seulement par son ambition de r\u00e9duire de moiti\u00e9 la d\u00e9forestation d’ici 2020 et de l\u2019arr\u00eater d\u2019ici 2030, mais \u00e9galement par […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":24541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137,1072],"tags":[25,1679,371,382,1677,1678,1657],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[208],"class_list":["post-24690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","category-landscapes","tag-agriculture","tag-climate-week-nyc","tag-deforestation","tag-forest-management","tag-new-york-declaration-on-forests","tag-private-sector","tag-un-climate-summit","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa D\u00e9claration de New York sur les For\u00eats suscite \u00e9loges et inqui\u00e9tudes - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/24690\/la-declaration-de-new-york-sur-les-forets-suscite-eloges-et-inquietudes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La D\u00e9claration de New York sur les For\u00eats suscite \u00e9loges et inqui\u00e9tudes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NEW YORK \u2014 Pour les for\u00eats, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019un moment historique. La D\u00e9claration de New York sur les For\u00eats, sign\u00e9e fin septembre 2014 lors du Sommet des Nations unies sur le Climat, \u00e9tait remarquable non seulement par son ambition de r\u00e9duire de moiti\u00e9 la d\u00e9forestation d’ici 2020 et de l\u2019arr\u00eater d\u2019ici 2030, mais \u00e9galement par […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/24690\/la-declaration-de-new-york-sur-les-forets-suscite-eloges-et-inquietudes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-10-09T11:29:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-11-22T03:10:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Declaration-foto.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" 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