{"id":23876,"date":"2014-09-02T06:00:26","date_gmt":"2014-09-01T23:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23876"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:48:03","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:48:03","slug":"de-nouvelles-recherches-pour-evaluer-le-role-des-forets-dans-ladaptation-au-climat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23876\/de-nouvelles-recherches-pour-evaluer-le-role-des-forets-dans-ladaptation-au-climat","title":{"rendered":"De nouvelles recherches pour \u00e9valuer le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats dans l’adaptation au climat"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Los<\/a>
Pendant la saison des pluies, ces \u00e9l\u00e8ves doivent enlever leurs chaussures en sortant de classe pr\u00e8s du lac Sentarum, dans le Kalimantan Occidental en Indon\u00e9sie. Des scientifiques cherchent \u00e0 comprendre\u00a0comment les for\u00eats influent sur\u00a0la sensibilit\u00e9 des populations aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques tels que les inondations ainsi que\u00a0leur capacit\u00e9 d’adaptation pour y faire face. Photo: Ramadian Bachtiar\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

MONTPELLIER, France – Nous savons que les for\u00eats peuvent att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique. Mais que dire de la capacit\u00e9 des for\u00eats \u00e0 nous aider dans l\u2019adaptation \u00e0 ce changement?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le premier point est bien av\u00e9r\u00e9, le second ne l\u2019est pas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette absence de connaissance a suscit\u00e9 une \u00e9tude sur trois continents des strat\u00e9gies foresti\u00e8res des communaut\u00e9s rurales pour r\u00e9sister aux variations climatiques. Les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires de leur recherche en Indon\u00e9sie montrent le r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 de la for\u00eat dans leur fa\u00e7on de faire face aux catastrophes naturelles.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNotre probl\u00e9matique de recherche vise \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer comment les for\u00eats r\u00e9duisent la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 face au changement climatique\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Florie Chazarin, charg\u00e9e de recherche au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mme Chazarin, avec le chercheur du CIFOR Giacomo Fedele, m\u00e8ne une \u00e9tude comparative entre le P\u00e9rou, le Burkina Faso et l’Indon\u00e9sie. Les trois pays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 choisis \u00abpour leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 croissante face aux al\u00e9as climatiques tels que les s\u00e9cheresses, inondations et glissements de terrain\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mme Chazarin lors de la r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence R\u00e9silience 2014<\/a> \u00e0 Montpellier en France.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A travers des activit\u00e9s participatives avec les communaut\u00e9s et des entretiens au niveau des m\u00e9nages, les chercheurs visent \u00e0 \u00e9tablir comment les for\u00eats impactent l’exposition et la sensibilit\u00e9 des populations aux catastrophes, ainsi que leur capacit\u00e9 d’adaptation pour y r\u00e9pondre. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires issus de la premi\u00e8re mission de terrain dans deux villages du Kalimantan Occidental, en Indon\u00e9sie, ont montr\u00e9 que les populations locales comptent beaucoup sur la for\u00eat pour pr\u00e9venir des inondations et r\u00e9duire leurs impacts.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abUn village poss\u00e8de un r\u00e8glement interdisant l’abattage des arbres le long de la rivi\u00e8re\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Fedele. \u00abIls sont conscients du r\u00f4le jou\u00e9 par la for\u00eat dans le contr\u00f4le des inondations. L\u2019autre village pr\u00e9sente une r\u00e8gle coutumi\u00e8re instaurant que 15% des ventes de bois [de grande valeur] revienne au village pour les r\u00e9parations apr\u00e8s les inondations.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quand des inondations violentes ont frapp\u00e9 les deux villages en 2009, les habitants ont adopt\u00e9 des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation sur le court terme telles que l’achat de nourriture et le d\u00e9placement d’objets de valeur en lieu s\u00fbr, ainsi que des strat\u00e9gies plus radicales, comme d\u00e9placer l’emplacement du village. Toutefois, ces strat\u00e9gies sont moins d\u00e9pendantes de la for\u00eat.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa for\u00eat et les arbres sont particuli\u00e8rement importants dans la pr\u00e9vention des inondations, y compris \u00e0 long terme gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des services tels que la r\u00e9duction de l’\u00e9rosion\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Fedele. \u00abLa grosse pluie viendra, mais son impact sera plus faible.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Si un village est plus accessible, avec un couvert forestier moindre, et l’autre dans une zone plus \u00e9loign\u00e9e et dens\u00e9ment bois\u00e9e, cela n\u2019affecte pas leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, ni leur niveau de d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des arbres pour la pr\u00e9vention des catastrophes, fait \u00e9galement remarquer M. Fedele. \u00abIl s’agit de l’effet seuil de la couverture foresti\u00e8re sur les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Fedele. Cela signifie qu\u2019une pr\u00e9sence foresti\u00e8re suffisante situ\u00e9e au bon endroit dans les deux villages assure son r\u00f4le; mais si elle est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e au-del\u00e0 d’un certain point critique, cela affecte la capacit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 s’adapter aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Comme Mme Chazarin et M. Fedele vont enqu\u00eater sur plusieurs sites dans les mois \u00e0 venir, leurs r\u00e9sultats pourraient influencer la mani\u00e8re dont les besoins en mati\u00e8re d\u2019adaptation sont pris en compte lors de la conservation des for\u00eats -un effort jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent uniquement ax\u00e9 sur le stockage du carbone. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon Bruno Locatelli, chercheur au CIFOR sur les th\u00e9matiques de l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique et de l\u2019adaptation, les conclusions de ses coll\u00e8gues pourraient avoir de nombreuses applications.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abEn utilisant cette recherche, les porteurs de projets pourraient cibler les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices tant pour l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me global, que pour les besoins locaux \u00e0 travers la r\u00e9duction de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d\u2019informations sur les enjeux abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Bruno Locatelli sur <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>b.locatelli@cgiar.org<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MONTPELLIER, France – Nous savons que les for\u00eats peuvent att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique. Mais que dire de la capacit\u00e9 des for\u00eats \u00e0 nous aider dans l\u2019adaptation \u00e0 ce changement? Le premier point est bien av\u00e9r\u00e9, le second ne l\u2019est pas. Cette absence de connaissance a suscit\u00e9 une \u00e9tude sur trois continents des strat\u00e9gies foresti\u00e8res des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":23434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,180],"tags":[476,1557,87,4373,635,1553,1558],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-23876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-mitigating-climate-change","tag-adaptation","tag-burkina-faso","tag-indonesia","tag-livelihoods","tag-peru","tag-resilience","tag-vulnerability","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDe nouvelles recherches pour \u00e9valuer le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats dans l'adaptation au climat - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23876\/de-nouvelles-recherches-pour-evaluer-le-role-des-forets-dans-ladaptation-au-climat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De nouvelles recherches pour \u00e9valuer le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats dans l'adaptation au climat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MONTPELLIER, France – Nous savons que les for\u00eats peuvent att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique. Mais que dire de la capacit\u00e9 des for\u00eats \u00e0 nous aider dans l\u2019adaptation \u00e0 ce changement? Le premier point est bien av\u00e9r\u00e9, le second ne l\u2019est pas. 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