{"id":23844,"date":"2014-08-28T03:59:35","date_gmt":"2014-08-27T20:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23844"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:52:52","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:52:52","slug":"occasions-manquees-de-financer-conjointement-ladaptation-et-lattenuation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23844\/occasions-manquees-de-financer-conjointement-ladaptation-et-lattenuation","title":{"rendered":"Occasions manqu\u00e9es de financer conjointement l’adaptation et l\u2019att\u00e9nuation"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Helechos<\/a>
Foug\u00e8res du\u00a0Parc national Halimun Salak, Java Occidental, Indon\u00e9sie. Un sondage aupr\u00e8s des gestionnaires de fonds relatifs au changement climatique a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu’il y aurait des avantages \u00e9vidents \u00e0 int\u00e9grer des mesures d’adaptation au climat au sein des projets d’att\u00e9nuation. Photo: Mokhamad Edliadi\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

MONTPELLIER, France \u2013 Les projets visant \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique et s\u2019y adapter portent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur deux choses bien distinctes: la cause et l\u2019effet, respectivement. Cependant, les projets d’att\u00e9nuation et d’adaptation sont rarement r\u00e9unis en un seul projet, en d\u00e9pit des avantages largement reconnus d\u2019une telle approche. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSur le terrain, il est \u00e9vident que ces deux approches peuvent \u00eatre combin\u00e9es. Mais au niveau international, il n’existe pas de fond soutenant explicitement une approche combin\u00e9e\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Giacomo Fedele, charg\u00e9 de recherche au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR), lors de la r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence R\u00e9silience 2014 \u00e0 Montpellier en France. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Et ce, malgr\u00e9 l’entente de la majorit\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es dans son enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s de 22 gestionnaires de fonds relatifs au changement climatique, qu’il y aurait des avantages \u00e9vidents \u00e0 int\u00e9grer des mesures d’adaptation au sein des projets d’att\u00e9nuation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Il y a beaucoup d’occasions manqu\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9tablir des synergies ou d’\u00e9viter des compromis<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Les personnes interrog\u00e9es par M.Fedele dirigent des bureaux en charge de l’attribution des fonds pour des projets concernant le changement climatique au service d’organismes internationaux tels que l’Union europ\u00e9enne, le Minist\u00e8re Britannique du D\u00e9veloppement International (DFID), l\u2019ONU-REDD ou la Banque Mondiale. Tandis que 77% des financements existants pour le climat sont allou\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019att\u00e9nuation – pour limiter les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre \u00e0 l\u2019origine des changements climatiques, comme celles caus\u00e9es par la d\u00e9forestation – la plupart de ces experts disent que les projets d’att\u00e9nuation devraient inclure des mesures pour aider les communaut\u00e9s locales \u00e0 s’adapter aux changements des r\u00e9gimes climatiques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les experts sont plus divis\u00e9s sur la perspective d’ajouter des mesures d’att\u00e9nuation \u00e0 des projets visant initialement l\u2019adaptation. Certains d’entre eux ont alert\u00e9 sur les risques de brouiller les priorit\u00e9s ou de rendre des projets int\u00e9gr\u00e9s moins efficaces et plus difficiles \u00e0 suivre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, m\u00eame ceux qui reconnaissent les avantages de la combinaison de l’att\u00e9nuation et de l’adaptation disent que des obstacles les ont emp\u00each\u00e9s d\u2019agir de la sorte. Par exemple, \u00absi vous avez des exigences en termes d’att\u00e9nuation et d’adaptation, pr\u00e9parer des propositions de projets prend plus de temps et n\u00e9cessite plus d\u2019experts\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M.Fedele. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, Bruno Locatelli, chercheur au CIFOR, fait remarquer que les plus grands obstacles provenaient de la s\u00e9paration de l’att\u00e9nuation et l’adaptation lors des n\u00e9gociations internationales sur le climat, ainsi que des s\u00e9parations institutionnelles au sein des organismes donateurs. \u00abDans de nombreux cas, les gestionnaires de fonds sont en mesure d’agir sur les obstacles qu’ils ont indiqu\u00e9s\u00bb, dit-il. \u00abToutefois, ils re\u00e7oivent de l’argent des agences et minist\u00e8res ciblant leur financement uniquement vers l’att\u00e9nuation (par exemple dans le secteur de l’\u00e9nergie) ou l’adaptation (si elles se concentrent sur le d\u00e9veloppement).\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M.Locatelli d\u00e9plore que cette s\u00e9paration fa\u00e7onne l\u2019action sur le terrain puisque les porteurs de projet ne consid\u00e8rent qu\u2019un aspect des enjeux lors de la conception de leurs projets. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl y a beaucoup d’occasions manqu\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9tablir des synergies ou d’\u00e9viter les compromis\u00bb, d\u00e9clare-t-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le programme de s\u00e9questration du carbone au Belize par exemple a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 par Rico Kongsager du Centre de Ris\u00f8 pour l\u2019Energie, le Climat et le D\u00e9veloppement Durable du Programme des Nations Unies pour l\u2019Environnement. L’\u00e9tude de cas a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que l\u2019isolement de blocks forestiers pour la conservation avait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 stopper la d\u00e9forestation. \u00abMais l\u2019adaptation sociale est peu prise en compte par les projets, donc les projets n\u2019ont pas fait grand chose pour les communaut\u00e9s locales\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M.Kongsager lors de la conf\u00e9rence. \u00abCe projet est comme une \u00eele.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M.Kongsager a constat\u00e9 que tr\u00e8s peu a \u00e9t\u00e9 entrepris pour r\u00e9pondre aux menaces li\u00e9es au changement climatique, telles que les incendies ou les ouragans. Il en a conclu que ces projets tr\u00e8s cibl\u00e9s constituaient une contre-incitation \u00e0 un d\u00e9veloppement rural respectueux du climat, comme en t\u00e9moigne la destruction des for\u00eats tampons dans les zones o\u00f9 les agriculteurs se sont tourn\u00e9s vers une agriculture m\u00e9canis\u00e9e \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la zone prot\u00e9g\u00e9e. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCeci est un exemple dans lequel les d\u00e9veloppeurs de projets pourraient rendre le stockage de carbone plus durable si ils tenaient compte de l’adaptation, ce qui pourrait inciter la bonne volont\u00e9 de la part des populations locales\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M.Locatelli. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des paiements de primes d\u2019\u00e9mission de carbone ou un acc\u00e8s plus facile aux march\u00e9s du carbone pour les projets d’att\u00e9nuation incluant des mesures d’adaptation font partie des solutions envisag\u00e9es pour lutter contre le d\u00e9calage entre les deux approches. M.Fedele a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le moment \u00e9tait venu de soutenir davantage l\u2019int\u00e9gration, puisque les pourparlers pour fixer les r\u00e8gles de financement des projets par le nouveau Fonds Vert pour le Climat sont en cours.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d\u2019informations sur les enjeux abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Bruno Locatelli sur <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>b.locatelli@cgiar.org<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MONTPELLIER, France \u2013 Les projets visant \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique et s\u2019y adapter portent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur deux choses bien distinctes: la cause et l\u2019effet, respectivement. Cependant, les projets d’att\u00e9nuation et d’adaptation sont rarement r\u00e9unis en un seul projet, en d\u00e9pit des avantages largement reconnus d\u2019une telle approche. \u00abSur le terrain, il est \u00e9vident que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":23611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-23844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOccasions manqu\u00e9es de financer conjointement l'adaptation et l\u2019att\u00e9nuation - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23844\/occasions-manquees-de-financer-conjointement-ladaptation-et-lattenuation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Occasions manqu\u00e9es de financer conjointement l'adaptation et l\u2019att\u00e9nuation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MONTPELLIER, France \u2013 Les projets visant \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique et s\u2019y adapter portent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur deux choses bien distinctes: la cause et l\u2019effet, respectivement. 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