{"id":23676,"date":"2014-08-11T06:00:57","date_gmt":"2014-08-10T23:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23676"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:41:35","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:41:35","slug":"gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique","title":{"rendered":"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Una<\/a>
Des enqu\u00eates aupr\u00e8s de communaut\u00e9s locales ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les prises de d\u00e9cision li\u00e9es au changement climatique ne parviennent pas \u00e0 influer sur des communaut\u00e9s locales enti\u00e8res, car\u00a0les migrants sont souvent exclus des institutions. Photo: Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

MONTPELLIER, France \u2014 La progression du changement climatique \u00e9tant plus rapide que pr\u00e9vu<\/a>, il devient \u00e9vident qu’il sera aussi important de s\u2019y adapter que de l’att\u00e9nuer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Toutefois, la fa\u00e7on dont les d\u00e9cideurs politiques renforcent la r\u00e9silience face au changement climatique soul\u00e8ve des questions difficiles. Quand cessons-nous de faire des changements progressifs au profit de changements profond\u00e9ment perturbateurs? Les transformations ont-elles seulement lieu lorsqu\u2019il est trop tard? Qu\u2019est ce qu’une \u00abtransformation\u00bb? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence r\u00e9cente<\/a>, des experts du climat et du d\u00e9veloppement ont abord\u00e9 ces questions en s’appuyant sur des exemples concrets, refl\u00e9tant la multitude des approches \u00e0 certains des d\u00e9fis les plus pressants de l’humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abDans certains contextes, une adaptation progressive peut ne pas \u00eatre suffisante\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Claudia Comberti de l\u2019Institut du Changement Environnemental<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Oxford. \u00abL\u2019adaptation transformationnelle est plus pertinente dans des contextes de changements rapides ou extr\u00eames, ou o\u00f9 les hommes sont plus vuln\u00e9rables. Pourtant, on a peu \u00e9crit ce sujet\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9 lors de la r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence R\u00e9silience 2014<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e0 Montpellier en France. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sur le plan \u00e9cologique, la \u00abr\u00e9silience\u00bb est la capacit\u00e9 de faire face aux changements et de poursuivre le d\u00e9veloppement. Le terme s\u2019est r\u00e9pandu dans les discours sur le commerce et le d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En diff\u00e9renciant les diff\u00e9rents types de strat\u00e9gies pour \u00e9tablir la r\u00e9silience, Edmond Dounias, chercheur \u00e0 l’Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement<\/a> (IRD) et au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale<\/a> (CIFOR), propose une d\u00e9finition: \u00abL’adaptation progressive induit un changement mais les caract\u00e9ristiques basiques du syst\u00e8me sont maintenues. La transformation, quant \u00e0 elle revient \u00e0 franchir un seuil: vous \u00e9tiez A et devenez B\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche de crit\u00e8res scientifiques pour diff\u00e9rencier l’adaptation progressive et l’adaptation transformationnelle au changement climatique peut para\u00eetre purement acad\u00e9mique. Elle pourrait cependant avoir des cons\u00e9quences politiques importantes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abS’il s\u2019agit d\u2019une transformation, vous devez \u00e9tablir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et un environnement diff\u00e9rents. Ceci n’est pas n\u00e9cessairement mauvais, mais c’est un changement radical pour lequel une aide ext\u00e9rieure peut \u00eatre plus justifi\u00e9e que pour une adaptation progressive\u00bb, affirme M. Dounias.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

QU\u2019EST CE QU\u2019UNE \u00abTRANSFORMATION\u00bb?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bien que la distinction soit claire sur le papier, identifier un changement transformationnel dans des socio-\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes complexes peut \u00eatre difficile.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Dounias a pris en exemple son \u00e9tude sur la communaut\u00e9 Tikar<\/a> au Cameroun. Les producteurs de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales de cette communaut\u00e9 avaient migr\u00e9 vers un \u00e9cotone, c’est-\u00e0-dire une zone de transition entre deux types d’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, entre la savane et la for\u00eat dans le centre du Cameroun. Ils ont d\u00fb faire face \u00e0 la menace de l’expansion rapide des for\u00eats sur leurs terres agricoles. Apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de culture itin\u00e9rante et de migrations \u00e0 court terme d’un ensemble de champs vers un autre, les Tikar ont chang\u00e9 leur mani\u00e8re d’int\u00e9ragir avec l’environnement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tout d’abord, ils ont \u00e9tabli des bandes de plantations agroforesti\u00e8res pour contr\u00f4ler la croissance de la for\u00eat. Ensuite, la propagation de l\u2019arbuste invasif <\/span><\/span><\/span>Chromolaena odorata<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em> (Herbe du Laos) leur a offert une mani\u00e8re inattendue de renforcer leurs moyens de subsistance. \u00abS’ils br\u00fblent les arbustes \u00e0 la fin de la saison s\u00e8che, le feu tue les plants qui sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l’expansion de la for\u00eat. En outre, les cendres sont tr\u00e8s bonnes, ils peuvent donc revenir \u00e0 la m\u00eame jach\u00e8re apr\u00e8s cinq ans, au lieu de 15 \u00e0 20 ans auparavant\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Dounias.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, selon M. Dounias, ces changements profonds ne correspondent pas \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation transformationnelle. \u00abLorsqu\u2019une transformation a lieu, des changements irr\u00e9versibles se produisent \u00e0 la fois sur les plans social et \u00e9cologique. Mais dans ce cas, l’objectif est de garantir une r\u00e9silience sociale\u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La scientifique Houria Djoudi du CIFOR, qui \u00e9tudie la mise en \u0153uvre de la gestion des for\u00eats communautaires au Burkina Faso, a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 la difficult\u00e9 d’\u00e9valuer la nature progressive ou transformationnelle de l’adaptation. Depuis que la l\u00e9gislation nationale a introduit des groupes de gestion des for\u00eats communautaires dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, \u00able gouvernement du Burkina Faso a essay\u00e9 d’\u00e9largir ces exp\u00e9riences au niveau national, convaincu que ces exp\u00e9riences transformeraient les pratiques de gestion foresti\u00e8re\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mme Djoudi lors de la conf\u00e9rence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, son enqu\u00eate sur les communaut\u00e9s locales a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que le changement apparemment radical de la prise de d\u00e9cision n\u2019a pas affect\u00e9 les communaut\u00e9s locales enti\u00e8res, puisque les migrants (qui constituent dans certains cas la majorit\u00e9 de la population) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de facto exclus des nouvelles institutions. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl y a des efforts pour parvenir \u00e0 des changements, mais nous ne sommes pas s\u00fbrs qu\u2019ils vont aboutir \u00e0 une adaptation transformationnelle, car le transfert du pouvoir se fait en faveur des personnes ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 un acc\u00e8s privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 et le contr\u00f4le des ressources, ainsi que le pouvoir au niveau local\u00bb, dit-elle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour Mme Djoudi, cela signifie que la recherche doit aller au-del\u00e0 des \u00e9tudes traditionnelles, centr\u00e9es sur une analyse verticale du pouvoir (Etat-communaut\u00e9s), afin d’inclure les relations de pouvoir au sein des communaut\u00e9s. Le but \u00e9tant de mieux comprendre les dynamiques complexes, \u00e0 multiples \u00e9chelles de l’adaptation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abON NE PEUT PAS DEMANDER AUX PERSONNES DE SIMPLEMENT S\u2019ADAPTER\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Son coll\u00e8gue Denis Gautier, chercheur au CIRAD et au CIFOR, ajoute que la transformation peut r\u00e9sider dans les d\u00e9cisions individuelles qui n\u2019apparaissent pas au niveau de la communaut\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSi vous questionnez les agriculteurs sur un \u00e9v\u00e9nement sp\u00e9cifique, ils r\u00e9pondront en fonction des ajustements d’adaptation qu’ils ont fait, tels que la vente d’un animal d\u2019\u00e9levage. Toutefois, dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s o\u00f9 le b\u00e9tail est un capital, cette r\u00e9ponse peut faire partie d’une strat\u00e9gie plus complexe sur le long terme\u00bb, dit-il. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les responsables politiques pr\u00e9sents lors de la conf\u00e9rence R\u00e9silience 2014 esp\u00e8rent que la recherche leur permettra de prendre des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es afin d\u2019aider les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 renforcer leur mode de vie et leur environnement face aux changements, ou de les r\u00e9former radicalement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe changement climatique et la d\u00e9mographie constituent des probl\u00e8mes si importants que la r\u00e9silience [progressive] seule n’est pas une solution\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Jean-Marc Ch\u00e2taigner, qui dirige le bureau en charge de l’aide au d\u00e9veloppement international au minist\u00e8re fran\u00e7ais des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous ne pouvons pas juste demander aux personnes de s’adapter. La question cl\u00e9 est: o\u00f9 pouvons-nous \u00e9tablir la r\u00e9silience et o\u00f9 avons-nous besoin d’un changement transformationnel?\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur ces sujets, veuillez contacter Houria Djoudi sur<\/span><\/span><\/span> h.djoudi@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MONTPELLIER, France \u2014 La progression du changement climatique \u00e9tant plus rapide que pr\u00e9vu, il devient \u00e9vident qu’il sera aussi important de s\u2019y adapter que de l’att\u00e9nuer. Toutefois, la fa\u00e7on dont les d\u00e9cideurs politiques renforcent la r\u00e9silience face au changement climatique soul\u00e8ve des questions difficiles. Quand cessons-nous de faire des changements progressifs au profit de changements […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":23457,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072],"tags":[476,1557,333,1553],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-23676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","tag-adaptation","tag-burkina-faso","tag-cameroon","tag-resilience","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MONTPELLIER, France \u2014 La progression du changement climatique \u00e9tant plus rapide que pr\u00e9vu, il devient \u00e9vident qu’il sera aussi important de s\u2019y adapter que de l’att\u00e9nuer. Toutefois, la fa\u00e7on dont les d\u00e9cideurs politiques renforcent la r\u00e9silience face au changement climatique soul\u00e8ve des questions difficiles. Quand cessons-nous de faire des changements progressifs au profit de changements […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-08-10T23:00:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-07-07T04:41:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"426\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Thomas Hubert\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@tom_hubert\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Thomas Hubert\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6bc131e53dfe93de1243f49aef0b9077\"},\"headline\":\"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique?\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-08-10T23:00:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-07-07T04:41:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique\"},\"wordCount\":1241,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"adaptation\",\"Burkina faso\",\"Cameroon\",\"resilience\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change & energy\",\"Landscapes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2014\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique\",\"name\":\"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique? - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-08-10T23:00:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-07-07T04:41:35+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":426,\"caption\":\"The quest for scientific criteria to distinguish incremental from transformational adaptation to climate change may appear purely academic, but it could have significant policy implications.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\",\"name\":\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"description\":\"The latest news on REDD+, climate change, biofuels, gender, conservation, trade, deforestation, indigenous & community groups, dry forests, food security, illegal logging, governance and biodiversity.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":[\"Organization\",\"Place\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\",\"name\":\"CIFOR-ICRAF\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\",\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#local-main-organization-logo\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#local-main-organization-logo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/CIFORICRAF\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/CIFOR_ICRAF\"],\"telephone\":[],\"openingHoursSpecification\":[{\"@type\":\"OpeningHoursSpecification\",\"dayOfWeek\":[\"Monday\",\"Tuesday\",\"Wednesday\",\"Thursday\",\"Friday\",\"Saturday\",\"Sunday\"],\"opens\":\"09:00\",\"closes\":\"17:00\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6bc131e53dfe93de1243f49aef0b9077\",\"name\":\"Thomas Hubert\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fa468faf5c365d1f34175f4c097ace9576f4dfda24c09c9902bbe56dce52e1f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g1da90ffdcb089d054a1e50a0bb6dd967\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fa468faf5c365d1f34175f4c097ace9576f4dfda24c09c9902bbe56dce52e1f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fa468faf5c365d1f34175f4c097ace9576f4dfda24c09c9902bbe56dce52e1f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Thomas Hubert\"},\"description\":\"Thomas Hubert is a journalist who has spent the last decade between France, Ireland and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Following a two-year stint as Kinshasa correspondent for the BBC, he is now based in Paris, covering issues ranging from human rights to farm policy and the environment for French- and English-speaking media houses and NGOs.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/@tom_hubert\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/thomas-hubert\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/23676\\\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#local-main-organization-logo\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/cifor-icraf-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/cifor-icraf-logo.png\",\"width\":596,\"height\":250,\"caption\":\"CIFOR-ICRAF\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique? - Landscape Alliance Forests News","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique?","og_description":"MONTPELLIER, France \u2014 La progression du changement climatique \u00e9tant plus rapide que pr\u00e9vu, il devient \u00e9vident qu’il sera aussi important de s\u2019y adapter que de l’att\u00e9nuer. Toutefois, la fa\u00e7on dont les d\u00e9cideurs politiques renforcent la r\u00e9silience face au changement climatique soul\u00e8ve des questions difficiles. Quand cessons-nous de faire des changements progressifs au profit de changements […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique","og_site_name":"Landscape Alliance Forests News","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF","article_published_time":"2014-08-10T23:00:57+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-07-07T04:41:35+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":426,"url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Thomas Hubert","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@tom_hubert","twitter_site":"@CIFOR_ICRAF","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique"},"author":{"name":"Thomas Hubert","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#\/schema\/person\/6bc131e53dfe93de1243f49aef0b9077"},"headline":"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique?","datePublished":"2014-08-10T23:00:57+00:00","dateModified":"2015-07-07T04:41:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique"},"wordCount":1241,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg","keywords":["adaptation","Burkina faso","Cameroon","resilience"],"articleSection":["Climate change & energy","Landscapes"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2014","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique","name":"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique? - Landscape Alliance Forests News","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg","datePublished":"2014-08-10T23:00:57+00:00","dateModified":"2015-07-07T04:41:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg","width":640,"height":426,"caption":"The quest for scientific criteria to distinguish incremental from transformational adaptation to climate change may appear purely academic, but it could have significant policy implications."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gradualisme vs transformation: comment changer face au changement climatique?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#website","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr","name":"Landscape Alliance Forests News","description":"The latest news on REDD+, climate change, biofuels, gender, conservation, trade, deforestation, indigenous & community groups, dry forests, food security, illegal logging, governance and biodiversity.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":["Organization","Place"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#organization","name":"CIFOR-ICRAF","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr","logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#local-main-organization-logo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#local-main-organization-logo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF","https:\/\/x.com\/CIFOR_ICRAF"],"telephone":[],"openingHoursSpecification":[{"@type":"OpeningHoursSpecification","dayOfWeek":["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"],"opens":"09:00","closes":"17:00"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#\/schema\/person\/6bc131e53dfe93de1243f49aef0b9077","name":"Thomas Hubert","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa468faf5c365d1f34175f4c097ace9576f4dfda24c09c9902bbe56dce52e1f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g1da90ffdcb089d054a1e50a0bb6dd967","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa468faf5c365d1f34175f4c097ace9576f4dfda24c09c9902bbe56dce52e1f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa468faf5c365d1f34175f4c097ace9576f4dfda24c09c9902bbe56dce52e1f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Thomas Hubert"},"description":"Thomas Hubert is a journalist who has spent the last decade between France, Ireland and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Following a two-year stint as Kinshasa correspondent for the BBC, he is now based in Paris, covering issues ranging from human rights to farm policy and the environment for French- and English-speaking media houses and NGOs.","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/@tom_hubert"],"url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/author\/thomas-hubert"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23676\/gradualisme-vs-transformation-comment-changer-face-au-changement-climatique#local-main-organization-logo","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/cifor-icraf-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/cifor-icraf-logo.png","width":596,"height":250,"caption":"CIFOR-ICRAF"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Resilience-blog-17-july.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23676"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23676\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/location?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"tag-bahasa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag-bahasa?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"tag-espanol","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag-espanol?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"tag-francais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag-francais?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"type-espanol","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-espanol?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"type-bahasa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-bahasa?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"type-english","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-english?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"type-francais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-francais?post=23676"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=23676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}